Metabolites Associated With the Risk of Incident Venous Thromboembolism: A Metabolomic Analysis.

Background Venous thromboembolism ( VTE ) is a complex thrombotic disorder that constitutes a major source of mortality and morbidity. To improve understanding of the cause of VTE , we conducted a metabolomic analysis in a case-control study including 240 incident VTE cases and 6963 controls nested within 3 large prospective population-based cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study, the Nurses' Health Study II , and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Methods and Results For each individual, we measured 211 metabolites and collected detailed information on lifestyle factors.

Association Between a 20-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score Based on Modifiable Lifestyles and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Among US Men and Women.

Background The previously validated Healthy Heart Score effectively predicted the 20-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We examine whether the Healthy Heart Score may extend to an association with total and cause-specific mortality. Methods and results The prospective cohort study investigated 58 319 women (mean age 50.

Cystatin C for Risk Stratification in Patients After an Acute Coronary Syndrome.

Background Cystatin C (Cys-C) is a marker of renal function that has shown prognostic value for cardiovascular risk stratification across different patient populations. The incremental value of Cys-C beyond established cardiac and renal biomarkers remains incompletely explored. Methods and Results SOLID - TIMI 52 (Stabilization of Plaques Using Darapladib-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 52; www.

Life Course Trajectories of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women With and Without Hypertensive Disorders in First Pregnancy: The HUNT Study in Norway.

Background Women with hypertensive pregnancy disorders have adverse levels of cardiovascular risk factors. It is unclear how this adverse risk factor profile evolves during adult life. We compared life course trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors in women with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension in their first pregnancy to normotensive women.

Mild Pulmonary Hypertension Is Associated With Increased Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Recent studies have demonstrated a continuum in clinical risk related to mean pulmonary artery pressure that begins at >19 mm Hg, which is below the traditional threshold used to define pulmonary hypertension ( PH ) of 25 mm Hg. Because of the implications on patient diagnosis and prognosis, the generalizability and validity of these data need further confirmation. Methods and Results Databases were searched from inception through January 31, 2018, to identify studies comparing all-cause mortality between patients with mildly elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure near but <25 mm Hg versus the referent group.

Systematic review of psychological, emotional and behavioural impacts of surgical incidents on operating theatre staff.

Background: Adverse surgical incidents affect both patients and health professionals. This study sought to explore the effect of surgical incidents on operating theatre staff and their subsequent behaviours.

Methods: Eligible studies were primary research or reviews that focused on the effect of incidents on operating theatre staff in primary, secondary or tertiary care settings.

Association Between Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer and Risk of Serrated Polyps and Conventional Adenomas.

Background & Aims: Serrated polyps (SPs) and conventional adenomas are precursor lesions for colorectal cancer (CRC), but they are believed to arise via distinct pathways. We characterized risk factor profiles for SPs and conventional adenomas in a post hoc analysis of data from 3 large prospective studies.

Methods: We collected data from the Nurses' Health Study, the Nurses' Health Study 2, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study on subjects who developed SPs or conventional adenomas.

Development and application of two semi-automated tools for targeted medical product surveillance in a distributed data network.

Purpose Of Review: An important component of the Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel Initiative is the active post-market risk identification and analysis (ARIA) system, which utilizes semi-automated, parameterized computer programs to implement propensity-score adjusted and self-controlled risk interval designs to conduct targeted surveillance of medical products in the Sentinel Distributed Database. In this manuscript, we review literature relevant to the development of these programs and describe their application within the Sentinel Initiative.

Recent Findings: These quality-checked and publicly available tools have been successfully used to conduct rapid, replicable, and targeted safety analyses of several medical products.

Preferential prescribing and utilization trends of diabetes medications among patients with renal impairment: Emerging role of linagliptin and other dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors.

Objectives: Although many newer diabetes medications have become available in the last decade, most have not been widely studied in populations with chronic kidney disease under routine care. Linagliptin, a recently marketed dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is the only agent in the U.S.

Association of built environment characteristics with adiposity and glycaemic measures.

Objective: This study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships of built environment characteristics with adiposity and glycaemic measures.

Method: Longitudinal study sample consisted of 4,010 Framingham Heart Study Offspring (baseline: 1998-2001; follow-up: 2005-2008) and Generation Three (baseline: 2002-2005; follow-up: 2008-2011) participants (54.8% women, baseline mean age 48.

Exploring regulation in tissues with eQTL networks.

Characterizing the collective regulatory impact of genetic variants on complex phenotypes is a major challenge in developing a genotype to phenotype map. Using expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses, we constructed bipartite networks in which edges represent significant associations between genetic variants and gene expression levels and found that the network structure informs regulatory function. We show, in 13 tissues, that these eQTL networks are organized into dense, highly modular communities grouping genes often involved in coherent biological processes.

Smoking during pregnancy in relation to grandchild birth weight and BMI trajectories.

Background: Maternal smoking has been linked to lower birth weight and higher risk of childhood obesity. However, it is unknown whether grand-maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with grandchildren birth weight and body mass index (BMI) trajectories.

Methods: We investigated associations of smoking during pregnancy with birth weight, risks of overweight and BMI trajectories among 46,858 mother-child dyads and 6,583 grandmother-mother-child triads of three cohort studies of related individuals.