Characterization of cognitive decline in long-duration type 1 diabetes by cognitive, neuroimaging and pathological examinations.

Background: We aimed to characterize factors associated with the under-studied complication of cognitive decline in aging people with long-duration type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Joslin "Medalists" (n = 222; T1D ≥ 50 years) underwent cognitive testing. Medalists (n = 52) and age-matched non-diabetic controls (n = 20) underwent neuro- and retinal imaging.

Artificial intelligence for segmentation and classification in lumbar spinal stenosis: an overview of current methods.

Purpose: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a frequently occurring condition defined by narrowing of the spinal or nerve root canal due to degenerative changes. Physicians use MRI scans to determine the severity of stenosis, occasionally complementing it with X-ray or CT scans during the diagnostic work-up. However, manual grading of stenosis is time-consuming and induces inter-reader variability as a standardized grading system is lacking.

Distinct Aggregation Behavior of -Terminally Truncated Aβ Over Aβ in the Presence of Zn(II).

The deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates and metal ions within senile plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the modifications observed in Aβ peptides, -terminal truncation at Phe4, yielding Aβ, is highly prevalent in AD-affected brains and significantly alters Aβ's metal-binding and aggregation profiles. Despite the abundance of Zn(II) in senile plaques, its impact on the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ remains unexplored.

Infection-Related Hospitalization and Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: The immune response to infections may become dysregulated and promote myocardial damage contributing to heart failure (HF). We examined the relationship between infection-related hospitalization (IRH) and HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction, and HF with reduced ejection fraction.

Methods And Results: We studied 14 468 adults aged 45 to 64 years in the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study who were HF free at visit 1 (1987-1989).

Impaired Exercise Capacity in High-Risk Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: The ARISE-HF Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Subanalysis.

Background: Objective indices of functional capacity in patients with diabetic cardiomyopathy and stage B heart failure (HF) have not been comprehensively defined. We sought to characterize the cardiopulmonary exercise characteristics of individuals with diabetic cardiomyopathy at high risk for overt HF.

Methods: The relationships from cardiopulmonary exercise testing with clinical and laboratory characteristics of participants with diabetic cardiomyopathy were evaluated using baseline data from the ARISE-HF trial (Aldose Reductase Inhibition for Stabilization of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure).

Comparative main effects, mediators, and moderators of cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and emotional awareness and expression therapy for chronic spinal pain: Randomized controlled trial rationale and protocol.

Background: Chronic spinal (back/neck) pain is common and costly. Psychosocial treatments are available but have modest effects. Knowledge of treatment mechanisms (mediators and moderators) can be used to enhance efficacy.

Developing a Novel Integrative Health Equity and Anti-racism Tool (IHEART) for Pilot Application in a Multicenter Integrative Health Elective for Medical Students and Resident Physicians: A Study Protocol.

Background: This study protocol introduces the Integrative Health Equity and Anti-Racism Tool (IHEART), an innovative instrument designed to infuse equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) into Integrative Health (IH) education. Recognizing the gaps in current IH training that fail to address social and systemic inequities adequately, the IHEART is intended to respond to the growing need for inclusivity in IH practices and educational materials. The tool is mainly focused on addressing issues such as accessibility of complementary and integrative health (CIH) therapies, cultural misappropriation, anti-racism, gender diversity, disability justice, trauma-informed care, weight inclusivity, and planetary health, which are currently inconsistently covered in IH training.

Medical management pathways for Cushing's disease in pituitary tumors centers of excellence (PTCOEs).

Purpose: A recent update of consensus guidelines for the management of Cushing's disease (CD) included indications for medical therapy. However, there is limited evidence regarding their implementation in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate current medical therapy approaches by expert pituitary centers through an audit conducted to validate the criteria of Pituitary Tumors Centers of Excellence (PTCOEs) and provide an initial standard of medical care for CD.

Factors Associated With Short- and Long-Term Survival in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.

Background: We sought to evaluate prognostic factors in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and their relationship with short- and long-term overall survival (OS).

Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we evaluated patients with de novo HER2-positive MBC diagnosed from 2010 to 2018. Univariate analyses were performed to determine effect of each variable on OS.

Long-term follow up from the Harvard Alumni Health Study: collegiate sport participation in males is associated with higher physical activity throughout midlife.

Objective: To compare physical activity (PA) over midlife between (1) former collegiate athletes and non-athletes and (2) among athletes in different sports.

Methods: The Harvard Alumni Health Study (HAHS) is a prospective cohort study of male undergraduates who completed serial questionnaires regarding PA and health status between 1962 and 1993. PA was categorised by intensity (<3 METs, light; 3 to <6 METs, moderate; ≥6 METs, vigorous), and energy expenditure (kilocalories (kcal)/week) was estimated at each intensity and in total.

Extracellular volume expansion drives vertebrate axis elongation.

The vertebrate bauplan is primarily established via the formation of embryonic tissues in a head-to-tail progression. The mechanics of this elongation, which requires the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), remain poorly understood. Here, we find that avian PSM explants can elongate autonomously when physically confined in vitro, producing a pushing force promoting posterior elongation of the embryo.

Oral Regimens for Rifampin-Resistant, Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible Tuberculosis.

Background: For decades, poor treatment options and low-quality evidence plagued care for patients with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. The advent of new drugs to treat tuberculosis and enhanced funding now permit randomized, controlled trials of shortened-duration, all-oral treatments for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis.

Methods: We conducted a phase 3, multinational, open-label, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial to compare standard therapy for treatment of fluoroquinolone-susceptible, rifampin-resistant tuberculosis with five 9-month oral regimens that included various combinations of bedaquiline (B), delamanid (D), linezolid (L), levofloxacin (Lfx) or moxifloxacin (M), clofazimine (C), and pyrazinamide (Z).

The Southern Brazilian Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (SBR-AF Registry): Predictors of Atrial Arrhythmia Recurrence after First-Time Catheter Ablation.

Background: Treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) with catheter ablation (CA) has evolved significantly. However, real-world data on long-term outcomes are limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: This multicenter prospective cohort of consecutive patients aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of first-time CA for AF in Southern Brazil from 2009 to 2024.

Epstein-Barr virus-driven cardiolipin synthesis sustains metabolic remodeling during B cell transformation.

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects nearly 90% of adults globally and is linked to over 200,000 annual cancer cases. Immunocompromised individuals from conditions such as primary immune disorders, HIV, or posttransplant immunosuppressive therapies are particularly vulnerable because of EBV's transformative capability. EBV remodels B cell metabolism to support energy, biosynthetic precursors, and redox equivalents necessary for transformation.

Technological Adjuncts to Streamline Patient Recruitment, Informed Consent, and Data Management Processes in Clinical Research: Observational Study.

Background: Patient recruitment and data management are laborious, resource-intensive aspects of clinical research that often dictate whether the successful completion of studies is possible. Technological advances present opportunities for streamlining these processes, thus improving completion rates for clinical research studies.

Objective: This paper aims to demonstrate how technological adjuncts can enhance clinical research processes via automation and digital integration.

The comparative effectiveness of medicinal cannabis for chronic pain versus prescription medication treatment.

Reviews of the effectiveness of medicinal cannabis for chronic pain vary in their conclusions. IASP has identified that a key missing evidence in this debate is data from observational cohort studies, analyzed with comparative effectiveness methods. In a medically supervised context to the use of marijuana for chronic pain, we identified 440 patients certified for medical marijuana by pain specialists in a single healthcare system.

CMRxRecon2024: A Multimodality, Multiview k-Space Dataset Boosting Universal Machine Learning for Accelerated Cardiac MRI.

. The released CMRxRecon2024 dataset is currently the largest and most protocol-diverse publicly available k-space dataset including multi-modality and multi-view cardiac MRI data from 330 healthy volunteers, and each one covers standardized and commonly used clinical protocols. ©RSNA, 2025.

Use of ChatGPT Large Language Models to Extract Details of Recommendations for Additional Imaging From Free-Text Impressions of Radiology Reports.

Automated extraction of actionable details of recommendations for additional imaging (RAIs) from radiology reports could facilitate tracking and timely completion of clinically necessary RAIs and thereby potentially reduce diagnostic delays. To assess the performance of large-language models (LLMs) in extracting actionable details of RAIs from radiology reports. This retrospective single-center study evaluated reports of diagnostic radiology examinations performed across modalities and care settings within five subspecialties (abdominal imaging, musculoskeletal imaging, neuroradiology, nuclear medicine, thoracic imaging) in August 2023.

Same-day discharge after minimally invasive hysterectomy for endometrial cancer and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with morbid obesity: Safety and potential barriers.

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate safety after same-day discharge following minimally invasive hysterectomy for endometrial cancer and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with and without morbid obesity (body mass index 40 kg/m). Our secondary objective was to identify barriers to same-day discharge.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy for endometrial cancer and endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia from January 2016 to May 2022.

The influence of familiarity between the surgeon and their assistant on patient outcomes: a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: The inverse relationship between increased surgical team familiarity and reduced operative time is established, but its effect on patient outcomes remains uncertain.

Materials And Methods: A prospective cohort study including operations by attending surgeons between 1 November 2020 and 31 December 2021 across fourteen surgical departments from four French university hospitals. Surgical team familiarity was measured as the cumulative number of previous operations performed by the same dyad of attending and assisting surgeons.