Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Medical Writing: Balancing Technological Innovation and Human Expertise, with Practical Applications in Lower Extremity Wounds Care.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing medical writing by enhancing the efficiency and precision of healthcare communication and health research. This review explores the transformative integration of AI in medical writing, highlighting its dual role of enhancing efficiency while maintaining the crucial elements of human expertise. AI technologies, including natural language processing and AI-driven literature review tools, have significantly advanced, facilitating rapid draft generation, literature summarization, and consistency in medical documentation.

Associations of fire smoke and other pollutants with incident rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Objective: Determine whether pollutants such as fire smoke-related particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM) are associated with incident rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD).

Methods: This case-control study used Veterans Affairs data 10/1/2009-12/31/2018.

Environmental Risk Factors for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus through the Lens of Social Determinants of Health.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a serious multisystem autoimmune disease, marked by alarming sociodemographic inequities. In the U.S.

Patient-Centric Approach for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in Older People.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to outline considerations for treating older adults with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) as it relates to infection, comorbidities, cancer, and quality of life.

Recent Findings: The recent 2023 American College of Rheumatology/American College of Chest Physicians guideline conditionally recommended specific disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), antifibrotics, and short-term glucocorticoids to treat RA-ILD. Since RA-ILD often affects older adults, we contextualize these pharmacologic options related to infection, gastrointestinal (GI) effects, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and quality of life.

Frailty index predicts adverse short- and long-term outcomes in older adults with rib fractures.

Background: Older adults with rib fractures pose an increasing clinical and financial burden on healthcare. Identifying and addressing the increased risk of adverse outcomes has been a key objective in geriatric co-management of surgical patients. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment-based Frailty Index (FI-CGA) is a useful predictor of complications and mortality in older adults, but its value in rib fracture management remains unclear.

Predictors of Potentially Inappropriate Stimulant Prescribing Among Adults.

Purpose: Increases in adult stimulant prescribing pose a potential risk due to the higher prevalence of contraindicated conditions among this population. We sought to identify patient, provider, and visit characteristics predictive of potentially inappropriate adult stimulant prescriptions.

Methods: We conducted a repeated cross-sectional study using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, a nationally representative weighted sample of 5 453 702 723 ambulatory care visits from 2012 to 2019.

Update on Mast Cell Biology.

Mast cells (MCs) are heterogeneous tissue-resident effector cells thought to play central roles in allergic inflammatory disease, yet the degree of heterogeneity and nature of these roles has remained elusive. In recent years, advances in tissue culture systems, pre-clinical mouse models, and the continued spread of single-cell RNA sequencing has greatly advanced our understanding of MC phenotypes in health and disease. These approaches have identified novel interactions of MC subsets with immune cells, neurons, and tissue structural cells, changing our understanding of how MCs both drive and help resolve tissue inflammation, reshape tissue microenvironments, and influence host behavior.

Prevalence and impact of parental co-morbid anxiety and depression during the first 2 years postpartum in China.

Background: Parental postpartum co-morbid anxiety and depression negatively impact personal well-being, family dynamics, and child developmental outcomes. This study investigates the prevalence of co-morbid anxiety and depression in both mothers and fathers during the first 2 years postpartum in China, and to explore its associations with parental family support, maternal health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and child development.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in China, involving families with children aged 0-2 years who participated in community child health care.

Baseline predictors of cross-sectional and longitudinal performance on the symbol digit modalities test in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cognitive impairment occurs frequently in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) at some point in the course of the disease. However, not all PwMS develop cognitive difficulties suggesting a role for important moderating factors. We examined baseline predictors of cross-sectional and longitudinal change in cognitive performance in PwMS.

Potentiating the effect of immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer using gas-entrapping materials.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) show limited success in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), largely due to immune evasion mechanisms, including downregulating expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). Our retrospective analysis demonstrated that smoking - a state of elevated CO exposure - is correlated with increased MHC I expression in pancreatic tumors. Here we tested our hypothesis that introducing exogenous CO augments the anti-cancer effects of immunotherapy.

Intersection of rare pathogenic variants from TCGA in the All of Us Research Program v6.

Using rare cancer predisposition alleles derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and high cancer prevalence (14% of participants) in All of Us (version 6), we assessed the impact of these rare alleles on cancer occurrence in six broad groups of genetic similarity provided by All of Us: African/African American (AFR), Admixed American/Latino (AMR), East Asian (EAS), European (EUR), Middle Eastern (MID), or South Asian (SAS). We observed that germline susceptibility to cancer consistently replicates in EUR-like participants but less so in other participants. We found that All of Us participants from the EUR (p = 1.

Unsupervised deep learning of electrocardiograms enables scalable human disease profiling.

The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is inexpensive and widely available. Whether conditions across the human disease landscape can be detected using the ECG is unclear. We developed a deep learning denoising autoencoder and systematically evaluated associations between ECG encodings and ~1,600 Phecode-based diseases in three datasets separate from model development, and meta-analyzed the results.

Efficacy, safety, and target engagement of dazukibart, an IFNβ specific monoclonal antibody, in adults with dermatomyositis: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Background: Dermatomyositis is a chronic autoimmune disease with distinctive cutaneous eruptions and muscle weakness, and the pathophysiology is characterised by type I interferon (IFN) dysregulation. This study aims to assess the efficacy, safety, and target engagement of dazukibart, a potent, selective, humanised IgG1 neutralising monoclonal antibody directed against IFNβ, in adults with moderate-to-severe dermatomyositis.

Methods: This multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial was conducted at 25 university-based hospitals and outpatient sites in Germany, Hungary, Poland, Spain, and the USA.

Left-Right Brain-Wide Asymmetry of Neuroanatomy in the Mouse Brain.

Left-right asymmetry of the human brain is widespread through its anatomy and function. However, limited microscopic understanding of it exists, particularly for anatomical asymmetry where there are few well-established animal models. In humans, most brain regions show subtle, population-average regional asymmetries in thickness or surface area, alongside a macro-scale twisting called the cerebral petalia in which the right hemisphere protrudes anteriorly past the left.

Lignan Intake and Mortality Among Adults with Incident Type 2 Diabetes-Prospective Cohort Studies.

Background: Lignans are polyphenolic compounds abundant in plant-based foods such as seeds, whole grains, and certain fruits and vegetables and may lead to favorable metabolic health. It remains to be elucidated regarding the role of lignan consumption in the etiology of premature deaths among individuals with diabetes.

Objectives: To prospectively examine the association between post-diagnosis lignan intake and mortality among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Joint Associations of Sedentary Time and Intensity-Specific Physical Activity With Cancer Mortality: A Device-Based Cohort Study of 72,458 UK Adults.

Background: There are no studies examining the prospective joint association of device-based measures of sedentary time and physical activity (PA) with cancer mortality. We examined the joint associations of sedentary time and intensity-specific PA with cancer mortality in 72,458 adults from UK Biobank.

Methods: Participants wore an Axivity AX3 accelerometer on their dominant wrist for at least 3 days (with at least 1 weekend day).

Clinical advances of mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.

The development of mRNA vaccines represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment, with more than 120 clinical trials to date demonstrating their potential across various malignancies, including lung, breast, prostate, melanoma, and more challenging cancers such as pancreatic and brain tumors. These vaccines work by encoding tumor-specific antigens and immune-stimulating molecules, effectively activating the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. Despite these promising advancements, significant challenges remain, particularly in achieving efficient delivery and precise regulation of the immune response.

The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortins on the serotonin (hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) released from the raphe nuclei (RN).

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortins (UCN1, UCN2 and UCN3) belong to the same CRF family of neuropeptides. They regulate the neuroendocrine, autonomic and behavioral responses to stress via two CRF receptors (CRF1 and CRF2). Stress, anxiety and depression affects the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the serotoninergic neurotransmission, both being regulated by CRF and CRF-related peptides.

Lifting of travel restrictions brings additional noise in COVID-19 surveillance through wastewater-based epidemiology in post-pandemic period.

The post-pandemic world still faces ongoing COVID-19 infections, although international travel has returned to pre-pandemic conditions. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is considered an efficient tool for the population-wide surveillance of COVID-19 infections during the pandemic. However, the performance of WBE in post-pandemic era with travel restrictions lifted remains unknown.

Meat intake in relation to composition and function of gut microbiota.

Objective: Meat intake is suggested to affect gut microbiome composition and the risk of chronic diseases. We aimed to identify meat-associated gut microbiome features and their association with host factors.

Design: Gut microbiota species were profiled by deep shotgun metagenomics sequencing in 9669 individuals.

Sewing the SEAMs: Surgical Education in the Art Museum.

Objective: The field of surgery is highly visual and technical. Yet, there is a paucity of data evaluating how a mandatory visual arts-based workshop may benefit surgical trainees. We report upon the feasibility of and short-term outcomes of a novel, visual art-based curriculum for surgery residents.