Probiotics and Phytobiotics as Dietary and Water Supplements in Biofloc Aquaculture Systems.

Biofloc technology (BFT) is a relatively new microbial-based cultivation system that can be adopted to accomplish more sustainable aquaculture and circularity goals. This review explores aspects of BFT integrating the utilization of probiotics and phytobiotics as dietary and water supplements. This scientific-based snapshot unpacks some physiological pathways and brings a literature review on how these supplements can boost water quality, as well as aquatic species' growth, health, and survival.

Exploring the cobia (Rachycentron canadum) genome: unveiling putative male heterogametic regions and identification of sex-specific markers.

Background: Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is the only member of the Rachycentridae family and exhibits considerable sexual dimorphism in growth rate. Sex determination in teleosts has been a long-standing basic biological question, and the molecular mechanisms of sex determination/differentiation in cobia are completely unknown.

Results: Here, we reported 2 high-quality, chromosome-level annotated male and female cobia genomes with assembly sizes of 586.

Growth and survival of Betta splendens fed microbial aggregates from ex-situ biofloc technology (BFT).

The betta (Betta splendens) is a carnivorous ornamental species that requires live food. In this study, we evaluated the growth and survival of Betta splendens fingerlings fed ex-situ biofloc (BFT). A total of 375 fingerlings (8.

The crosstalk between photoperiod and early mild stress on juvenile oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) after acute stress.

Early mild stress (EMS) is like preparedness and might help fish deal with stress appropriately. This study investigated how EMS and photoperiod changes can impact growth, haematology, blood biochemistry, immunological response, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress response of oscar (Astronotus ocellatus; 7.29 ± 0.

Dietary β-Glucan Alleviates Antibiotic-Associated Side Effects by Increasing the Levels of Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Modifying Intestinal Microbiota in Pacific White Shrimp ().

Antibiotics and their secondary metabolites are commonly found in aquatic ecosystems, leading to the passive exposure of many aquatic animals to low doses of antibiotics, which can affect their health. However, there is limited information available on how to mitigate the side effects of antibiotics on normal aquatic animals. This study aimed to investigate the potential of dietary β-glucan to alleviate the side effects induced by antibiotics in Pacific white shrimp () (0.

Biofloc Technology (BFT) in Aquaculture: What Goes Right, What Goes Wrong? A Scientific-Based Snapshot.

Aquaculture is a crucial industry that can help meet the increasing demand for aquatic protein products and provide employment opportunities in coastal areas and beyond. If incorrectly manage, traditional aquaculture methods can have negative impacts on the environment and natural resources, including water pollution and overuse of wild fish stocks as aquafeed ingredients. Biofloc technology (BFT) may offer a promising solution to some of these challenges by promoting a cleaner and sustainable production system.

Effects of Dietary β-Glucan Feeding Strategy on the Growth, Physiological Response, and Gut Microbiota of Pacific White Shrimp, , under Low Salinity.

An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a dietary β-glucan application strategy on the growth performance, physiological response, and gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp () (0.49 ± 0.17 g) under low salinity.

Feeding Strategy to Use Beef Tallow and Modify Farmed Tiger Puffer Fatty Acid Composition.

A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with beef tallow (BT) on the fatty acid composition of farmed tiger puffer (). Two replacement strategies were used: a standard Graded Dietary Replacement of FO with BT (GDR strategy) and Alternate Feeding between FO- and BT-based Diets (AFD strategy). The positive and negative control diets were formulated with 6% FO (FO-C group) or BT (BT-C group) as the sole added lipid source.

The Recovery Time between Early Mild Stress and Final Acute Stress Affects Survival Rate, Immunity, Health, and Physiology of Oscar ().

This study investigated how the time interval between the last EMS (netting) and the acute confinement stress (AC stress) at the end of the experiment can influence growth, haematology, blood biochemistry, immunological response, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress response of oscar (; 5.7 ± 0.8 g).

A detailed look at the impacts of biofloc on immunological and hematological parameters and improving resistance to diseases.

The innate immunity of invertebrates serves as a critical trait that provides a valuable foundation for studying the common biological responses to environmental changes. With the exponential growth of the human population, the demand for protein has soared, leading to the intensification of aquaculture. Regrettably, this intensification has resulted in the overuse of antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, which have led to the emergence of resistant microbes or superbugs.

Fish Meal Replacement and Early Mild Stress Improve Stress Responsiveness and Survival of Fish after Acute Stress.

Stress responsiveness and fish meal (FM) replacement are two of the most important concerns toward achieving sustainable aquaculture. The purpose of this study was to see how early mild stress (netting) and FM replacement with meat and bone meal (MBM) affected oscar (; 5.2 ± 0.

Dietary selenium supplementation alleviates low salinity stress in the Pacific white shrimp : growth, antioxidative capacity and hepatopancreas transcriptomic responses.

Se is an essential trace element associated with animal growth and antioxidant and metabolic processes. However, whether Se, especially organic Se with higher bioavailability, can alleviate the adverse effects of low salinity stress on marine economic crustacean species has not been investigated. Accordingly, juvenile Pacific white shrimp () were reared in two culture conditions (low and standard salinity) fed diets supplemented with increasing levels of l-selenomethionine (0·41, 0·84 and 1·14 mg/kg Se) for 56 d, resulting in four treatments: 0·41 mg/kg under standard seawater (salinity 31) and 0·41, 0·84 and 1·14 mg/kg Se under low salinity (salinity 3).

Does supplementing laying hen diets with a herb mixture mitigate the negative impacts of excessive inclusion of extruded flaxseed?

Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded flaxseed with and without herbs mixture on egg performance, yolk fatty acids (FAs), lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidants, and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 hens for nine weeks.

Methods: Two hundred forty laying hens were randomly distributed to eight treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Graded levels of dietary extruded flaxseed (0, 90, 180, and 270 g/kg) with and without herbs mixture (24 g/kg: garlic, ginger, green tea, and turmeric 6 g/kg each) were designed as treatments.

Early Mild Stress along with Lipid Improves the Stress Responsiveness of Oscar ().

Early-life exposure to mild stressors can assist animals in coping with more stressful events in later life. This study was aimed at investigating how early stress and dietary lipid contents affect growth, hematology, blood biochemistry, immunological responses, antioxidant system, liver enzymes, and stress responses of oscar () (6.8 ± 0.

Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids n-3 (n-3 LC-PUFA) as Phospholipids or Triglycerides Influence on Juvenile Fatty Acid Profile and Liver Morphophysiology.

Phospholipids (PL) are membrane components composed of fatty acids (FA), while triglycerides (TG) are a main source of energy and essential FA. Polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are essential for marine carnivorous fish; thus, an 8-week experiment was performed to evaluate the influence of DHA and EPA, provided as PL and TG, on the morphophysiology of juveniles. A basal diet was manufactured, and DHA and EPA in PL form (PL1-low amount PL2-high amount) and TG form (TG1-low amount; TG2-high amount) were added.

Is the Intestinal Bacterial Community in the Australian Rabbitfish Influenced by Seaweed Supplementation or Geography?

We recently demonstrated that dietary supplementation with seaweed leads to dramatic improvements in immune responses in , a candidate species for aquaculture development in Asia. Here, to assess whether the immunostimulatory effect was facilitated by changes to the gut microbiome, we investigated the effects of those same seaweed species and four commercial feed supplements currently used in aquaculture on the bacterial communities in the hindgut of the fish. Since we found no correlations between the relative abundance of any particular taxa and the fish enhanced innate immune responses, we hypothesised that might have a core microbiome that is robust to dietary manipulation.

Intensification of Penaeid Shrimp Culture: An Applied Review of Advances in Production Systems, Nutrition and Breeding.

Intensification of the shrimp sector, also referred to as vertical expansion, has been predominately driven by consecutive incidences of global disease outbreaks, which have caused enormous economic loss for the main producer countries. A growing segment of the shrimp farming industry has opted to use production systems with higher density, biosecurity, and operating control to mitigate the risks posed by disease. However, successful super-intensive shrimp production is reliant on an advanced understanding of many important biological and economic parameters in the farming system, coupled with effective monitoring, to maintain optimal production.

Genome assembly of the Australian black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) reveals a novel fragmented IHHNV EVE sequence.

Shrimp are a valuable aquaculture species globally; however, disease remains a major hindrance to shrimp aquaculture sustainability and growth. Mechanisms mediated by endogenous viral elements have been proposed as a means by which shrimp that encounter a new virus start to accommodate rather than succumb to infection over time. However, evidence on the nature of such endogenous viral elements and how they mediate viral accommodation is limited.

Predatory bacteria in the haemolymph of the cultured spiny lobster .

and like organisms (BALOs) are Gram-negative obligate predators of other bacteria in a range of environments. The recent discovery of BALOs in the circulatory system of cultured spiny lobster warrants more investigation. We used a combination of co-culture agar and broth assays and transmission electron microscopy to show a sp.

Egg enrichment with n-3 fatty acids in farmed hens in sub-optimum temperature: A cold-temperament additive mix alleviates adverse effects of stress on performance and health.

At some stage, laying hen farming is likely to be subjected to sub-optimum temperatures (SOTem) due to climate change. While egg enrichment with n-3 fatty acids is a common practice in the poultry industry, in SOTem it has been less investigated. This study tested the effects of egg enrichment through extruded flaxseed (FLX) (180 g/kg) alone or along with hulled-soaked barley (H-SB) (170 g/kg), namely FLBA, with and without a cold-temperament additive mix (CTA) (25 g/kg: 5 g/kg flixweed (Descurainia sophia), 10 g/kg dried herb-extraction residues from pussy willow (Salix aegyptiaca) and 10 g/kg dried lemon (Citrus limon) residue) in two temperatures (20°C and SOTem: 27°C) on egg performance, yolk fatty acids, lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidant and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 53-week-old for 9 weeks.

The Effect of Antimicrobial Treatment upon the Gill Bacteriome of Atlantic Salmon ( L.) and Progression of Amoebic Gill Disease (AGD) In Vivo.

Branchial surfaces of finfish species contain a microbial layer rich in commensal bacteria which can provide protection through competitive colonization and production of antimicrobial products. Upon disturbance or compromise, pathogenic microbiota may opportunistically infiltrate this protective barrier and initiate disease. Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is a globally significant health condition affecting salmonid mariculture.

Evaluation of the Infectious Potential of Following Freshwater Bathing Treatments.

Freshwater bathing for 2-3 h is the main treatment to control amoebic gill disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that amoebae () detach when exposed to freshwater and that some eventually reattach to culture plates when returned to seawater. Here, we evaluated the potential for gill-detached to survive a commercially relevant treatment and infect AGD-naïve fish and whether holding used bathwater for up to 6 h post treatment would lower infectivity.

Feeding Behaviour and Bioavailability of Essential Amino Acids in Shrimp Fed Fresh and Leached Fishmeal and Fishmeal-Free Diets.

The complete replacement of fishmeal with terrestrial meals did not have a negative impact on the attractiveness, palatability, and apparent digestibility of the formulation. Shrimp were found on average to eat more and have similar appetite revival on the terrestrial meal-based formulation (TM) diet compared to the traditional fishmeal-based formulation (FM) diet. However, methionine (Met) and lysine (Lys) leached out rapidly from the TM diet, and as a result, this initially overfortified diet showed lower levels of those AA in comparison to FM after 60 min immersion.

Effect of sample type and the use of high or low fishmeal diets on bacterial communities in the gastrointestinal tract of Penaeus monodon.

In shrimp aquaculture, manufactured diets that include various supplements and alternative fishmeal ingredients are increasingly being used and their effect on the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota studied. However, dietary effects on different shrimp GI samples are not known. We investigated how a high (HFM) or low (LFM) fishmeal diet affects bacterial communities from different sample types collected from Penaeus monodon gastrointestinal tract.