Immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with NRAS mutated and NRAS wild type melanoma: a multicenter Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group study on 637 patients from the prospective skin cancer registry ADOREG.

Background: Melanomas frequently harbour somatic mutations in BRAF (40%) or NRAS (20%). Impact of NRAS mutations on the therapeutic outcome of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) remains controversial. Potential correlation of the NRAS mutational status and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in melanoma is unknown.

Grade 4 Neutropenia Secondary to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition - A Descriptive Observational Retrospective Multicenter Analysis.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are increasingly being used to treat numerous cancer types. Together with improved recognition of toxicities, this has led to more frequent identification of rare immune-related adverse events (irAE), for which specific treatment strategies are needed. Neutropenia is a rare hematological irAE that has a potential for a high mortality rate because of its associated risk of sepsis.

Hematological immune related adverse events after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Introduction: With the increasing use of checkpoint inhibitors, rare immune-related adverse events (irAE) are being identified. Haematological irAE (hem-irAE) are difficult to treat and have shown high mortality rates. In order to improve side-effect management for these potentially life-threatening events, we analysed frequency, severity and outcomes.

Cutaneous and systemic plasmocytosis.

Cutaneous and systemic plasmacytosis is a rare disorder observed mainly in Japanese that features an infiltration of mature plasma cells in various organ systems. In addition to the skin, lymph nodes and bone marrow are regularly affected. Laboratory tests show a polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia.

Acquired reactive perforating dermatosis.

Acquired reactive perforating dermatosis is characterized by umbilicated erythematous papules and plaques with firmly adherent crusts. Histopathological examination shows a typical cup-shaped ulceration in the epidermis containing cellular debris and collagen. There is transepidermal elimination of degenerated material with basophilic collagen bundles.

Clinical variants of lichen planus.

Lichen planus is characterized by lichenoid, polygonal papules with fine white lines, called Wickham striae. Lesions most commonly occur on the limbs and on the dorsal aspect of the trunk. At the same time often leukoplakia of mucous membranes as well as nail disorders are seen.

Congenital malalignment of the big toe nail.

Congenital malalignment of the big toe nail is based on a lateral deviation of the nail plate. This longitudinal axis shift is due to a deviation of the nail matrix, possibly caused by increased traction of the hypertrophic extensor tendon of the hallux. Congenital malalignment of the big toe nail is typically present at birth.

Leukemia cutis - epidemiology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnoses.

Leukemia cutis is an extramedullary manifestation of leukemia. The frequency and age distribution depend on the leukemia subtype. The clinical and morphological findings have a wide range of cutaneous manifestations and may present with nodular lesions and plaques.

Elastolysis mediodermalis - case report and review of literature.

Elastolysis mediodermalis is a rare disorder typically observed in middle-aged women. Sites of predilection are the trunk and upper arms. The clinical picture varies and may appear as cigarette paper-like wrinkling, perifollicular protrusions or reticular erythema.

Clinical appearance, differential diagnoses and therapeutical options of chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis Winkler.

The article on chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis summarizes various clinical pictures and differential diagnoses of this entity. This lesion is usually characterized by a solid or cystic nodule but ulcerations or crusts may also occur. The most common differential diagnoses include benign or malignant tumours, which are often confused with chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis.

Cornu cutaneum-like HPV 45 positive subungual squamous cell carcinoma.

A cornu cutaneum (cutaneous horn) is a clinical descriptive term referring to a skin tumor having the appearance of an animal horn. Histopathologically, the lesion may be associated with several different tumors. Along with some benign entities such as warts or seborrheic keratoses, a cutaneous horn may be also associated with actinic keratoses, Bowen disease and squamous cell carcinoma.