Clinical efficacy of OS-01 peptide formulation in reducing the signs of periorbital skin aging.

Background: The aging of the skin, particularly around the periorbital region, is a complex process characterized by the accumulation of senescent cells, decreased collagen production, and reduced skin elasticity, leading to visible signs such as fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging.

Objective: This study investigates the efficacy of a novel topical formulation, OS-01 EYE, containing the senomorphic peptide, OS-01, along with other active ingredients, in improving the skin around the eyes.

Methods: A 12-week clinical study was conducted with 22 participants who applied OS-01 EYE twice daily.

Newly Proposed Dose of Daclatasvir to Prevent Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Transgenic ACE-2 Mice.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) still causes death in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, for whom the sustainability of the vaccine response may be limited. Antiviral treatments, such as remdesivir or molnupiravir, have demonstrated limited clinical efficacy. Nirmatrelvir, an acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) major protease inhibitor, is clinically effective but has been associated with viral rebound and antiviral resistance.

Breast cancer patterns by age groups in Brazil: insights from population-based registries data.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) has exhibited varied epidemiological trends based on distinct age categories. This research aimed to explore the incidence and mortality rates of BC within pre-defined age groups in the Brazilian population.

Methods: BC incidence trends were assessed from 2010 to 2015 using Brazilian Population-Based Cancer Registries, employing age-standardized ratios and annual average percentage change (AAPC).

Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a link between therapy resistance-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness in colorectal cancer.

The high plasticity of cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes increased tumor heterogeneity, and its interaction with tumor-associated stromal cells appears to contribute to developing a stemness phenotype. Cells with these characteristics exhibit increased resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, leading to disease relapse and metastasis. Here, we discuss the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in promoting EMT and stemness within the context of cellular resistance to these therapies.

UHT Cow's Milk Supplementation Affects Cell Niches and Functions of the Gut-Brain Axis in BALB/c Mice.

Background/objectives: Cow's milk is a bioactive cocktail with essential nutritional factors that is widely consumed during early childhood development. However, it has been associated with allergic responses and immune cell activation. Here, we investigate whether cow's milk consumption regulates gut-brain axis functions and affects patterns of behaviors in BALB/c mice, previously described by present low sociability, significant stereotypes, and restricted interest features.

Perspective review: lessons from successful clinical trials and real-world studies of systemic therapy for metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are orphan tumors with the potential to spread to distant organs such as the lymph nodes, the skeleton, the lungs, and the liver. These metastatic tumors exhibit high rates of morbidity and mortality due to their frequently large tumor burden, the progression of the disease, and the excessive secretion of catecholamines that lead to cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal dysmotility. Several molecular drivers responsible for the development of PPGLs have been described over the last 30 years.

Impact of adherence to oral nutritional supplements on nutrition status and muscle strength in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: A prospective observational longitudinal study.

Background: Given the lack of evidence regarding the effects of adherence to oral nutritional supplements (ONS) and the types of formulas used in clinical practice, we aimed to assess the impact of adherence to ONS and the high-protein formula on the nutrition status and muscle strength in patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Methods: This study evaluated newly diagnosed outpatients with esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer prescribed ONS. Nutrition status was assessed using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), and muscle strength was assessed using handgrip strength (HGS) dynamometry.

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy has no impact on postpartum transient longitudinal changes in hip geometry in adolescent mothers: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

We have previously demonstrated that calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during adolescent pregnancy reduces the magnitude of transient postpartum bone mass loss. In the present post hoc analysis, we further investigated the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy in hip geometry throughout one year postpartum in Brazilian adolescents with low daily calcium intake (∼600 mg/d). Pregnant adolescents (14-19 years) were randomly assigned to receive calcium (600 mg/d) plus vitamin D (200 μg/d) or a placebo from 26 weeks of gestation until parturition.

A method for in silico exploration of potential glioblastoma multiforme attractors using single-cell RNA sequencing.

We presented a method to find potential cancer attractors using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. We tested our method in a Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) dataset, an aggressive brain tumor presenting high heterogeneity. Using the cancer attractor concept, we argued that the GBM's underlying dynamics could partially explain the observed heterogeneity, with the dataset covering a representative region around the attractor.

Ancestry and somatic profile predict acral melanoma origin and prognosis.

Acral melanoma, which is not ultraviolet (UV)-associated, is the most common type of melanoma in several low- and middle-income countries including Mexico. Latin American samples are significantly underrepresented in global cancer genomics studies, which directly affects patients in these regions as it is known that cancer risk and incidence may be influenced by ancestry and environmental exposures. To address this, here we characterise the genome and transcriptome of 128 acral melanoma tumours from 96 Mexican patients, a population notable because of its genetic admixture.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy boost as an alternative to brachytherapy for cervical cancer: A scoping review.

Purpose: This scoping review aims to evaluate the evidence for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) boost as a potential alternative for brachytherapy (BCT) in treating cervical cancer.

Material And Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases. Studies investigating SBRT boost in cervical cancer patients who were either contraindicated for or refused BCT were included.

Artificial Intelligence and cancer: Profile of registered clinical trials.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made significant strides due to advancements in processing algorithms and data availability. Recent years have shown a resurgence in AI, driven by breakthroughs in deep machine learning. AI has attracted particular interest in the medical sector, especially in the field of personalized medicine, which for example uses large-scale genomic and molecular data to predict individual patient treatment responses.

Evaluation of Conflicts of Financial Interest in Publications on the Consumption of High-Intensity Sweeteners and Body-Weight Changes: A Systematic Review.

Context: Diseases related to excessive sugar consumption have become a public health concern. However, there may be a direct association between the consumption of artificial sweeteners and changes in body weight.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate potential industry financial conflicts of interest in publications on the relationship between high-intensity sweetener consumption and changes in body weight in observational and intervention studies.

Association between body composition phenotypes and treatment toxicity in women with cervical cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy.

Objective: To identify whether there is an association between body composition phenotypes and toxicity to chemoradiotherapy in women with cervical cancer.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study that included 330 adult patients with cervical cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy. Computed tomography images were used to assess skeletal muscle index (SMI) and radiodensity (SMD), total adipose tissue index, and visceral adipose tissue index.

Efficacy, safety of and adherence to adjustable compression wraps in the control phase of breast cancer-related lymphedema: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate efficacy, safety, and adherence to using adjustable compression wraps (ACWs) for upper limb volume control in women with breast cancer-related lymphedema.

Design And Setting: Randomized controlled trial at a reference hospital for breast cancer treatment in Brazil.

Participants: Women in control phase of the breast cancer-related lymphedema.

Thigh muscle by CT images as a predictor of mortality in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer.

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of thigh muscle assessed by CT images to predict overall mortality in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). This was a multicenter cohort study including adults (≥ 18 years old) newly diagnosed with CRC, who performed a diagnostic computed tomography (CT) exam including thigh regions. CT images were analyzed to evaluate skeletal muscle (SM in cm), skeletal muscle index (SMI in cm/m), and skeletal muscle density (SMD in HU).

Functional evaluation of germline TP53 variants identified in Brazilian families at-risk for Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

Germline TP53 pathogenic variants can lead to a cancer susceptibility syndrome known as Li-Fraumeni (LFS). Variants affecting its activity can drive tumorigenesis altering p53 pathways and their identification is crucial for assessing individual risk. This study explored the functional impact of TP53 missense variants on its transcription factor activity.

The Role of Alternative Medicine in Managing Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review.

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood glucose levels, is increasingly prevalent globally, significantly impacting health-related quality of life. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), characterized by insulin resistance and inadequate insulin production, presents a substantial public health challenge, necessitating comprehensive management strategies. Conventional treatments, including lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy, are essential for glycemic control and preventing complications.

Single-cell resolution characterization of myeloid-derived cell states with implication in cancer outcome.

Tumor-associated myeloid-derived cells (MDCs) significantly impact cancer prognosis and treatment responses due to their remarkable plasticity and tumorigenic behaviors. Here, we integrate single-cell RNA-sequencing data from different cancer types, identifying 29 MDC subpopulations within the tumor microenvironment. Our analysis reveals abnormally expanded MDC subpopulations across various tumors and distinguishes cell states that have often been grouped together, such as TREM2+ and FOLR2+ subpopulations.