Characterization of a Novel Male Pheromone Compound in (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) and Its Role in Courtship Behavior.

The poplar moth, (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), is widely distributed across Europe, Asia, and parts of Africa. It was first identified in Chile in 2015 and has since become a significant pest in the agricultural sector. Additionally, economic losses are further aggravated by the presence of pupae in nearby fruit orchards.

Bioactive Potential of Some Strains from Macapá, Amazon, Brazil, Against the Housefly (Diptera: Muscidae) Under Laboratory Conditions.

The high pathogenic activity of () strains against various insect orders has positioned it as the most effective, environmentally safe, and sustainable approach to integrated insect management. We aimed to identify strains capable of effectively controlling the housefly , a species of significant medical, veterinary, and public health concern. Twelve strains from Macapá, Brazil, were tested against housefly larvae.

Pheromones in Crane Flies: Behaviorally Active Cuticular Compounds in Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae).

The pheromones of crane flies (Tipulidae), one of the largest families within the order Diptera (over 15,000 species), are unknown. The aim of our study was to identify the chemical compounds involved in communication in , a representative species of the family. Female cuticular washes were found to be attractive to males in a bioassay.

Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil: Trophic Interactions and New Reports.

A diverse orchard with fruit fly hosts may provide information about trophic relationships, including new insights into beneficial insects. We evaluated the composition of the fruit fly complex to provide information on tephritid species, parasitoids and multitrophic interactions for the southern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sampling was carried out using traps and by collecting fruits from plants and/or the ground according to availability/the fruiting period.

Comparative Analysis of Viral Load Quantification Using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction and Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction.

In the year 2019, a highly virulent coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, precipitating the outbreak of the illness known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The commonly employed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methodology serves to estimate the viral load in each patient's sample by employing a standard curve. However, it is imperative to recognize that this technique exhibits limitations with respect to clinical diagnosis and therapeutic applications, since an advancement of the conventional polymerase chain reaction methods, digital polymerase chain reaction (digital PCR or DDPCR), enables the direct quantification and clonal amplification of nucleic acid strands.

Polymorphisms Influence the Expression of the Fas and FasL Genes in COVID-19.

The apoptotic molecule Fas and its ligand FasL are involved in the process of T-lymphocyte death, which may lead to lymphopenia, a characteristic of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we investigated the influence of polymorphisms in the and genes, and gene expression, and plasma cytokine levels on COVID-19 severity and long COVID occurrence. A total of 116 individuals with severe COVID-19 and 254 with the non-severe form of the disease were evaluated.

Predicting the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Potential of Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Brazilian Siparunaceae Species Using Chemometric Tools.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 7 million deaths globally in the past four years. spp. (Siparunaceae), which is used in Brazilian folk medicine, is considered a genus with potential antiviral alternatives.

Hypothyroidism Alters Uterine Kisspeptin System and Activity Modulators in Cyclic Rats.

Hypothyroidism causes ovarian dysfunction and infertility in women and animals and impairs the hypothalamic expression of kisspeptin (Kp). However, kisspeptin is also expressed in the genital system, and the lack of the Kp receptor (Kiss1r) in the uterus is linked to reduced implantation rates. This study investigated the impact of hypothyroidism on the uterine expression of Kp and Kiss1r in female rats throughout the estrous cycle and the associated changes in uterine activity modulators.

Expression of ABCB1, ABCC1, and LRP in Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Amniotic Fluid and Bone Marrow in Culture-Effects of In Vitro Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with the potential to differentiate into various lineages. They have also the potential to protect themselves against harmful stimuli to maintain their functional integrity. Drug resistance-related transporters such as ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein; P-gp), ABCC1 (MRP1; multidrug resistance-related Protein 1), and LRP (lung resistance protein) may protect MSCs against toxic substances such as chemotherapeutic agents.

AdipoRon's Impact on Alzheimer's Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a leading cause of cognitive decline and mortality worldwide, characterized by neurodegeneration, synaptic deficiencies, and neuroinflammation. Despite advancements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment, AD presents substantial challenges due to its complex pathology, heterogeneity, and the limited efficacy of current therapies. Consequently, there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic agents to target the multifaceted aspects of AD pathology, enhance current treatments, and minimize adverse effects.

Cardiac Hemodynamics, Tissue Oxygenation, and Functional Capacity in Post-COVID-19 Patients.

: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the functional capacity of post-COVID-19 patients with a control group and analyze cardiac hemodynamics and muscle tissue oxygenation responses during assessment protocols in both groups. : A cross-sectional study was conducted involving patients with COVID-19 and a control group who were all aged ≥18 years. Participants underwent two functional capacity tests: the one-minute sit-stand test (1-STS) and the six-minute walk test (6MWT).

Dissemination of IncQ1 Plasmids Harboring NTE-IId in a Brazilian Hospital.

KPC is a clinically significant serine carbapenemase in most countries, and its rapid spread threatens global public health. transmission is commonly mediated by Tn transposons. The gene has also been found in (NTE).

Nipah Virus: A Zoonotic Threat Re-Emerging in the Wake of Global Public Health Challenges.

The re-emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) in Kerala, India, following the tragic death of a 14-year-old boy, underscores the persistent threat posed by zoonotic pathogens and highlights the growing global public health challenge. With no vaccine or curative treatment available, and fatality rates as high as 94% in past outbreaks, the Nipah virus is a critical concern for health authorities worldwide. Transmitted primarily through contact with fruit bats or consumption of contaminated food, as well as direct human-to-human transmission, NiV remains a highly lethal and unpredictable pathogen.

The Silent Threat of Human Metapneumovirus: Clinical Challenges and Diagnostic Insights from a Severe Pneumonia Case.

Background: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a respiratory pathogen that has gained increasing recognition due to advancements in molecular diagnostic tools, which have improved its detection and characterization. While severe disease manifestations are traditionally associated with pediatric, elderly, or immunocompromised patients, hMPV-related pneumonia in immunocompetent adults remains underexplored.

Methods: This case report describes a 68-year-old male who developed severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by hMPV despite being immunocompetent and having no significant comorbidities.

Understanding the Utilization of Wasted Bread as a Brewing Adjunct for Producing a Sustainable Wheat Craft Beer.

Wasted bread (WB) has been studied as an alternative ingredient for increasing the sustainable footprint in the beer production chain. There are gaps in the literature on the impact of WB on beer manufacturing. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the addition of WB as a replacement for wheat flakes in a craft beer.

Bacterial Multiresistance and Microbial Diversity of Milk Received by a University Hospital Milk Bank.

Breastfeeding is fundamental for the development and protection of the newborn, and microorganisms present in breast milk are associated with the development of the infant's intestinal microbiota. However, there are factors that interfere with breastfeeding, resulting in the need to supply donated milk to milk banks for these children. Even though there is a restriction on medications prescribed for pregnant and breastfeeding women, some antimicrobials are accepted, as long as they are used correctly and as they can increase the selection pressure for resistant bacteria.

Genotype-Phenotype Correlations of Nance-Horan Syndrome in Male and Female Carriers of a Novel Variant.

Background: Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare, frequently underdiagnosed, X-linked disease caused by mutations in the NHS gene. In males, it causes bilateral dense pediatric cataracts, dental anomalies, and facial dysmorphisms. Females traditionally have a more subtle phenotype with discrete lens opacities as an isolated feature.

Novel Reassortants of Oropouche Virus (OROV) Are Causing Maternal-Fetal Infection During Pregnancy, Stillbirth, Congenital Microcephaly and Malformation Syndromes.

Oropouche virus (OROV) is an orthobunyavirus endemic in the Brazilian Amazon that has caused numerous outbreaks of febrile disease since its discovery in 1955. During 2024, Oropouche fever spread from the endemic regions of Brazil into non-endemic areas and other Latin American and Caribbean countries, resulting in 13,014 confirmed infections. Similarly to other orthobunyaviruses, OROV can undergo genetic reassortment events with itself as well as other viruses.

Cytogenomics of (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and the Sharing of a Satellite DNA Family in Several Neotropical Meliponini Genera.

Background/objectives: A striking feature of the karyotypes of stingless bees is the large amount of heterochromatin present in most species. Cytogenomic studies performed in some Meliponini species have suggested that evolutionary events related to the diversification and amplification of satellite DNA families in the heterochromatin may reflect the structuring of phylogenetic clades in this tribe. In this study, we performed a genomic analysis in to characterize different satDNA families in its genome.

Hereditary Breast Cancer: Comprehensive Risk Assessment and Prevention Strategies.

Women carrying pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in moderate- or high-penetrance genes have an increased risk of developing breast cancer. However, most P/LP variants associated with breast cancer risk show incomplete penetrance. Age, gender, family history, polygenic risk, lifestyle, reproductive, hormonal, and environmental factors can affect the expressivity and penetrance of the disease.

Genome-Wide Insights into Internalizing Symptoms in Admixed Latin American Children.

Background/objectives: Internalizing disorders, including depression and anxiety, are major contributors to the global burden of disease. While the genetic architecture of these disorders in adults has been extensively studied, their early-life genetic mechanisms remain underexplored, especially in non-European populations. This study investigated the genetic mechanisms underlying internalizing symptoms in a cohort of Latin American children.

Pharmacogenetics of the Treatment of Neglected Diseases.

Background/objectives: Pharmacogenetics (PGx) aims to identify individuals more likely to suffer from adverse reactions or therapeutic failure in drug treatments. However, despite most of the evidence in this area being from European populations, some diseases have also been neglected, such as HIV infection, malaria, and tuberculosis. With this review, we aim to emphasize which pharmacogenetic tests are ready to be implemented in treating neglected diseases that have some evidence and call attention to what is missing for these three diseases.

Typical Clinical Presentation of an Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Patient with an Atypical Genetic Pattern.

: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is mainly characterized by renal involvement with progressive bilateral development of renal cysts and volumetric increase in the kidneys, causing a loss of renal function, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and kidney failure. The occurrence of mosaicism may modulate the clinical course of the disease. Mosaicism is characterized by a few cell populations with different genomes.

Biological Behavior of Bioactive Glasses SinGlass (45S5) and SinGlass High (F18) in the Repair of Critical Bone Defects.

This study evaluated the osteogenic potential of the bioactive glasses SinGlass (45S5) and SinGlass High (F18) in regenerating critical bone defects in rat calvaria. Both biomaterials promoted new bone formation around the particles, with the SinGlass High (F18) group exhibiting a higher rate of bone maturation. Histomorphological and birefringence analyses revealed better organization of the newly formed bone in the biomaterial-treated groups, and immunohistochemistry indicated the expression of osteogenic markers such as osteocalcin, immunostaining for bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2), and immunostaining for bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP 4).

Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, and Anticholinesterase Effects of Essential Oil from (G.Mey.) DC.

Aromatic plants are rich sources of essential oils (EOs), recognized for their therapeutic properties due to their diversity of phytochemicals. This study investigated the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of essential oil (MsEO) through inhalation in an animal model and its in vitro anticholinesterase (AChE) activity. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation, and its volatile constituents were analyzed by GC-MS.