Anaphylaxis in pediatric patients: single-center study in a private hospital.

This study aimed to characterize the profile of probable anaphylaxis cases treated at a private pediatric hospital emergency department in São Paulo. It investigated triggering factors, the presence of cofactors, treatments administered, and follow-up for these cases through interviews with the patients' families. A single-center cross-sectional study analyzed medical records of children and adolescents treated between 2016 and 2020.

Jaccoud's Arthropathy Secondary to Leprosy.

Jaccoud's arthropathy is a deforming, non-erosive form of arthritis initially described in patients with rheumatic fever. However, it has been recently observed more frequently in those with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cases of Jaccoud's arthropathy have also been described to be associated with other conditions.

Globally approved vaccines for COVID-19: a systematic review.

COVID-19 caused a public health emergency, which instituted a global effort to develop vaccines using different platforms, such as basic types and new-generation vaccines. Considering the importance of vaccination in preventing the severity of infectious diseases and the success in developing and approving vaccines against COVID-19 in record time, it is essential to learn about the characteristics of these vaccines. This study aimed to conduct a structured, systematic review following the PRISMA guideline, to analyze the general characteristics of vaccines approved globally for use against COVID-19.

Chlamydia in farms located in the Argentine-Brazilian-Paraguay tri-border.

Chlamydias are zoonotic pathogens, broadly present in several bird species and responsible for economic losses in animal production. Our study focused on assessing the prevalence of Chlamydial species posing zoonotic risks in farm animals within the highly biodiverse Argentine, Brazil, and Paraguay tri-border area, characterized by significant human interaction. We surveyed nine farms in an area and nasally swabbed a total of 62 animals, that included cattle, horses and pigs.

α-Ketoisocaproic Acid Disrupts Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in the Brain of Neonate Rats: Molecular Modeling Studies of α-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Subunits Inhibition.

Brain accumulation of the branched-chain α-keto acids α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid (KMV), and α-ketoisovaleric acid (KIV) occurs in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), an inherited intoxicating metabolic disorder caused by defects of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Patients commonly suffer life-threatening acute encephalopathy in the newborn period and develop chronic neurological sequelae of still undefined pathogenesis. Therefore, this work investigated the in vitro influence of pathological concentrations of KIC (5 mM), KMV (1 mM), and KIV (1 mM) on mitochondrial bioenergetics in the cerebral cortex of neonate (one-day-old) rats.

A dataset and benchmark for hospital course summarization with adapted large language models.

Objective: Brief hospital course (BHC) summaries are clinical documents that summarize a patient's hospital stay. While large language models (LLMs) depict remarkable capabilities in automating real-world tasks, their capabilities for healthcare applications such as synthesizing BHCs from clinical notes have not been shown. We introduce a novel preprocessed dataset, the MIMIC-IV-BHC, encapsulating clinical note and BHC pairs to adapt LLMs for BHC synthesis.

Anterior component separation techniques: is it necessary to preserve the perforators? a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Anterior component separation (ACS), or Ramirez component separation technique, is an established technique still used by surgeons to repair a ventral hernia. Compared with other ventral hernia repair techniques, recent studies about ACS show more postoperative complications like wound breakdown, wound infection, hematoma, skin necrosis, seroma, and recurrence. Our study aims to compare the ACS technique with the preservation perforator technique and verify if the perforator preservation technique can decrease postoperative complications.

Guidelines for Accurate and Precise Stable Isotope Analysis of Calcite, Dolomite, and Magnesite Using a Carbonate Device for Continuous Flow-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (CF-IRMS).

Rationale: Carbonate minerals are one of the most popular samples for an automated sample preparation system for CF-IRMS, such as GasBench II and iso FLOW, but no standardized analytical protocols exist. This study gives guidelines on optimal analytic conditions for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of Ca-Mg carbonates when using the carbonate-phosphoric acid reaction method.

Methods: Calcite (CaCO-McMaster Carrara), dolomite (CaMg(CO)-MRSI Dolomite), and magnesite (MgCO-ROM Brazil Magnesite) with two grain size fractions (< 74 and 149-250 μm) were reacted with 103% (specific gravity of 1.

Biomarkers.

Background: Understanding the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been a major focus of research in neurodegenerative diseases. Amid the three common allelic variants of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene in humans, called APOE ε2, ε3 and ε4, the ε4 allele is the most common genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, being found in 20% of the world population.

Method: We used Event-Related Potentials (ERP) and Event-Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP) as features for classification of apolipoprotein E ϵ4 (APOE ε4) allele carriers in AD patients and healthy controls.

Biomarkers.

Background: COVID-19 can course with persistent symptoms after infection in a condition called long Covid (NATH, 2020). In this context, cognitive complaints, sleep disorders, headache, smell disorders, in addition to anxiety and depression are common (DELGADO-ALONSO et al, 2022; ISMAEL et al, 2021.).

Biomarkers.

Background: The research on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has substantially advanced in relation to plasma biomarkers, such as pTau217, for the detection of amyloid (Aβ) pathology which identify, with high accuracy, individuals in the AD biological continuum. However, as these biomarkers become abnormal very early in the disease, biomarkers identifying more advanced disease stages and proxying pathophysiological processes beyond amyloidosis are still needed. Therefore, we have conducted a proteomic study, on plasma and CSF, aiming at identifying proteins reflecting pathological changes in AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) plasma biomarkers change in the preclinical stage of AD. However, the robustness of the discrimination performance of these biomarkers, as well as their association with longitudinal primary pathology (amyloid and tau) changes, is less understood. We aimed to determine the ability of baseline and longitudinal plasma amyloid-β (Aβ)42/40, p-tau181, GFAP and NfL to detect primary pathology in CU individuals at risk of AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: Membrane lipid compromise is also related to AD pathology, a large family of enzymes such as phospholipases that act on membrane integrity, cell signaling, and cellular processes is impaired during the disease phase. Membrane integrity is affected by the B amyloid by the pathological process of AD, moreover, releasing neurotoxic enzymes and vesicles consequently losing important neurotransmitters. Dysregulation of phospholipase D (PLD) can disrupt the plasma membrane and potentially contribute to worsening AD pathology.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology is complex and not completely known. Emerging new biomarkers that evaluate synaptic function (VILIP-1, neurogranin), co-pathology (alpha-synuclein), and neurodegeneration (NFL) are potential candidates to be incorporated into the early AD diagnosis. To better understand the relevance of these biomarkers, we evaluated the correlations between their CSF concentrations with whole-brain grey matter volumes in SCD and MCI, according to their amyloid status (A- or A+).

Biomarkers.

Background: Emerging evidence underscores the importance of neuroinflammation in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology. Recent studies indicate the involvement of the inflammatory mechanisms both in amyloid- β (Aβ) and tau deposition in the brain. Nevertheless, due to the complexity of the immune responses and the intricate interplay between the peripheral and the central nervous systems, identifying biomarkers that reflect the brain´s inflammatory state in AD has been a challenge.

Biomarkers.

Background: Highly specific ATN plasma biomarker assays for neurodegenerative diseases have been developed, but their associations with cognition vary in different populations. Kidney disease, common in diabetes, may decrease the predictive precision of those biomarkers. The aim of this study was to characterize for the first time the relationships between plasma ATN biomarkers and cognitive function in adults with T1D.

Biomarkers.

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is one of the biggest health concerns of the century. Long COVID is one of the major sequelae from the infection and include persistent neurological manifestations. Brain images study suggest that Long COVID patients present distinct brain metabolic alterations.

Biomarkers.

Background: Blood-based biomarkers have demonstrated great promise for identifying biomarker-confirmed Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to evaluate whether blood-based biomarkers could optimize the referral of memory clinic patients to a tau-PET exam, which is crucial for prognostic evaluation.

Method: The study measured various plasma biomarkers (Aβ42/Aβ40, pTau181, pTau217, pTau231, NfL, and GFAP) and compared them with tau-PET scan results in patients with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, or dementia.

Biomarkers.

Background: Data about dementia in Brazil are scarce and subnotified. Until 2018, 1,3 million people were estimated to have been affected. neuroimaging has a crucial importance to provide detailed information about cerebral structures and characteristics patterns of different types of dementia even as the progression of these injuries.

Biomarkers.

Background: The Down Syndrome (DS), also referred to as trisomy of chromosome 21, is a prevalent cause of intellectual disability and also contributes to the acceleration of aging, among other developmental and health concerns. Certain pathological characteristics shared by DS and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) indicate similar commonalities. This study aims to unravel the relationship between the canonical Wnt/pathway, the amyloid precursor protein processing, the telomere shortening in DS individuals.

Biomarkers.

Background: To evaluate the in vitro binding properties of [C]PiB and [F]NAV4694 head-to-head in post-mortem human brain tissue.

Method: Autoradiography was used to assess uptake of [C]PiB and [F]NAV4694 in control (CN) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) autopsy-confirmed brain tissues. The study focuses on the analysis of the prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus sections in 11 CN and 11 AD cases.

Biomarkers.

Background: Neurodegeneration is a major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). During this process, it is known that not only neurons are affected but also glial cells. However, the biological mechanisms driving brain cellular vulnerability and resilience to neurodegeneration in AD remain elusive.

Biomarkers.

Background: Hemodynamic signals are the basis of functional brain imaging techniques, such as fMRI and NIRS, and are often used to infer changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. Increasing evidence suggests that disruption of neuronal circuits has been associated with the AD continuum and may precede changes in Ab and tau biomarkers, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment. To better understand the changes in brain RSFC through the AD spectrum, we use hemodynamic signals to detect disease onset, progression, and response to therapy in a mouse model of AD.

Biomarkers.

Background: Higher educational attainment is frequently associated with lower risk of cognitive decline. Many neuroprotective factors have been suggested as the biological underpinnings of cognitive reserve (CR), though the neural basis of CR is yet unclear. Herein, we aim at investigating the effect of CR using educational attainment in individuals stratified by amyloid and tau status.

Biomarkers.

Background: The worldwide prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) surpasses 55 million, with Latin America reaching 11%, driven by demographic changes. Precise diagnosis necessitates neuroimaging, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, low- to middle-income countries face challenges in MRI accessibility due to limited imaging equipment and a shortage of specialized healthcare professionals trained in neuroimaging.