Dementia prevalence and dementia risk in Indigenous Peoples: recent findings, current developments, and future directions.

Purpose Of Review: To highlight recent findings on the prevalence and risk and protective factors for dementia in Indigenous Peoples, who are disproportionately affected by health inequities driven by social determinants of health and historical injustices. With increasing numbers of Indigenous individuals entering older age, there is a growing need for research to better understand dementia and opportunities for prevention in Indigenous Peoples.

Recent Findings: Recent studies highlight a wide range of dementia prevalence across Indigenous Peoples, with estimates varying significantly by methodology, socio-cultural context, and region with stark gaps in regional representation.

Association between individual urinary iodine concentrations in pregnant women and maternal/newborn outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess whether individual diagnosis of low urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in pregnant women is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: Studies that compared pregnant women with UIC <150 μg/L and those with UIC 150-249 μg/L were systematically reviewed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CENTRAL were our source databases.

Respiratory muscle training in people with cervical spinal cord injury - A systematic review.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury is a physiological disruption often caused by trauma, leading to severe physical and psychological effects, including irreversible impairment and disability. Cervical injuries, particularly between C1 and C8, are the most severe, potentially causing diaphragm paralysis and requiring mechanical ventilation. Reduced respiratory muscle strength not only affects respiratory function but also significantly impacts voice, speech, and communication, which are crucial for quality of life.

Laser-Induced Olfactory Bulbectomy in Adult Zebrafish as a Novel Putative Model for Affective Syndrome: A Research Tribute to Brian Leonard.

Inducing multiple neurobehavioural and neurochemical deficits, olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) has been developed as a rodent model of depression with potential for antidepressant drug screening. However, the generality of this model in other vertebrate taxa remains poorly understood. A small freshwater teleost fish, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), is rapidly becoming a common model species in neuroscience research.

Ultra-early versus early surgery for hip fracture.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of ultra-early versus early surgery for hip fracture in adults.

Integrating 3D printing of biomaterials with nitric oxide release.

The pivotal roles played by nitric oxide (NO) in tissue repair, inflammation, and immune response have spurred the development of a wide range of NO-releasing biomaterials. More recently, 3D printing techniques have significantly broadened the potential applications of polymeric biomaterials in biomedicine. In this context, the development of NO-releasing biomaterials that can be fabricated through 3D printing techniques has emerged as a promising strategy for harnessing the benefits of localized NO release from implantable devices, tissue regeneration scaffolds, or bandages for topical applications.

Assessment of DFT Functionals for Structural Determination of Lanthanide(III) Complexes Using Ligand Field Splitting.

Lanthanide (Ln) tetrakis complexes, C[Ln(L)], are important for applications due to their high quantum yields, solubility, and stability. Their luminescent properties depend on the structure, particularly the coordination polyhedron, the assessment of computational methods for calculating their structures is paramount. Usually, this assessment uses the RMSD of distances in the [Ln(L)] complex or {LnO} polyhedron between crystallographic and calculated structures.

Linear or Cyclic? Theoretical Investigation of Astrophysically Relevant Magnesium-Bearing MgCH Carbon Chains and Related Isomers.

Magnesium-containing molecules, including MgCH, MgCH, and MgCH, have been detected in the interstellar medium, largely facilitated by their high dipole moments. However, despite great efforts, MgCH species remain elusive. Given the challenges in obtaining experimental data for these molecules, theoretical studies play a crucial role in guiding their detection.

Investigation of the Mesencephalic Astrocyte Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Mood Disorders.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) has been associated with impaired cellular resilience. Recent studies have shown abnormalities in the unfolded protein response (UPR) in BD. The UPR is the cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Maternal exercise before and during pregnancy protects against genotoxicity and promotes offspring hippocampal health in mice prenatally exposed to high fructose.

The fetal brain is susceptible to programming effects during pregnancy, potentially leading to long-term consequences for offspring's cognitive health. Fructose intake is thought to adversely affect fetal brain development, whereas physical exercise before and during pregnancy may be protective. Therefore, this study aimed to assess biochemical and genotoxic changes in maternal hippocampi and behavioral, genotoxic, and biochemical alterations in offspring hippocampi.

4D-DIA Proteomics Uncovers New Insights into Host Salivary Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection.

Since late 2021, Omicron variants have dominated the epidemiological scenario as the most successful severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sublineages, driving new and breakthrough infections globally over the past two years. In this study, we investigated for the first time the host salivary response of COVID-19 patients infected with Omicron variants (BA.1, BA.

Body Condition and Blood Biochemistry of Free-Range Caiman latirostris in Northeast Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

The Atlantic Forest broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris) inhabits regions within one of the world's most ecologically diverse ecosystems, yet few studies have explored the relationship between body condition, blood biochemistry, and environmental factors in the wild. Our study investigated the effects of sex, ontogeny, habitat, and environmental variables on the body condition and blood biochemistry of free-ranging caimans from the state of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. From 2020 to 2022, we captured 75 caimans across three sites in different seasons.

Advances in intraoperative imaging in retinal diseases: A narrative review.

This review explores recent technological advances in intraoperative imaging during retinal disease surgeries, focusing on their applicability in clinical practice and impact on surgical outcomes. A literature search identified studies discussing new imaging technologies, their advantages over conventional methods, relevant case studies, and literature reviews. Exclusion criteria included studies unrelated to retinal diseases, imaging technologies not suitable for intraoperative use, outdated articles, and nonscientific reports.

Regional-specific trends of PM and O temperature sensitivity in the United States.

Climate change poses direct and indirect threats to public health, including exacerbating air pollution. However, the influence of rising temperature on air quality remains highly uncertain in the United States, particularly under rapid reduction in anthropogenic emissions. Here, we examined the sensitivity of surface-level fine particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O) to summer temperature anomalies in the contiguous US as well as their decadal changes using high-resolution datasets generated by machine learning.

A human skin-on-a-chip platform for microneedling-driven skin cancer treatment.

Skin-on-a-chip models provide physiologically relevant platforms for studying diseases and drug evaluation, replicating the native skin structures and functions more accurately than traditional 2D or simple 3D cultures. However, challenges remain in creating models suitable for microneedling applications and monitoring, as well as developing skin cancer models for analysis and targeted therapy. Here, we developed a human skin/skin cancer-on-a-chip platform within a microfluidic device using bioprinting/bioengineering techniques.

Comprehensive molecular epidemiology of influenza viruses in Brazil: insights from a nationwide analysis.

Influenza A and B viruses represent significant global health threats, contributing substantially to morbidity and mortality rates. However, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular epidemiology of these viruses in Brazil, a continental-size country and a crucial hub for the entry, circulation, and dissemination of influenza viruses within South America, still needs to be improved. This study addresses this gap by consolidating data and samples across all Brazilian macroregions, as part of the Center for Viral Surveillance and Serological Assessment project, together with an extensive number of other Brazilian sequences provided by a public database during the epidemic seasons spanning 2021-23.

EVALUATION OF IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS IN SUBTYPES OF PECTUS EXCAVATUM AND CARINATUM.

Objective: Evaluation of epidemiological data on Idiopathic Scoliosis in patients with different pectus subtypes.

Methods: A medical record analysis of 418 patients with pectus, associated with idiopathic scoliosis above 10°, with research on: subtypes of pectus (Lateral Pectus Carinatum, Inferior Pectus Carinatum, Superior Pectus Carinatum, Broad Pectus Excavatum, and Localized Pectus Excavatum), and characteristics of the scoliotic curve (Cobb angle, laterality, and location).

Results: The mean age was 14.

ASSESSMENT OF SATISFACTION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING SURGICAL TREATMENT BY THE WALANT TECHNIQUE.

Objective: To analyze the satisfaction of patients who underwent hand surgical treatment with the wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) anesthesia technique.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on the satisfaction of patients who underwent hand surgical treatment with the WALANT technique. These patients were treated at the Hand and Microsurgery outpatient clinic of a public hospital from March 2020 to March 2022.

W-SITTING IN CHILDHOOD: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

Objective: Despite the lack of science-based evidence, many specialists and non-specialists consider W-sitting detrimental to children. This systematic review aims to find evidence on W-sitting.

Methods: This review was registered on PROSPERO under the number CRD42022313341.

ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY FOR TREATING SPINAL STENOSIS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS.

Background: Spinal stenosis refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal which can generate clinical symptoms secondary to the spinal cord injury itself, or even root involvement. The traditional open surgical procedure to correct spinal stenosis is highly traumatic and risky, and with the development of surgical techniques, endoscopic procedures have been widely used in treating said stenosis, achieving good results with minimally invasive management.

Aim: To conduct a literature review regarding endoscopic techniques for correcting spinal stenosis.

INCREASED INCIDENCE OF INJURIES IN THE SÃO PAULO SOCCER CHAMPIONSHIP POST-PANDEMIC.

Objective: Soccer shows a high incidence of injuries and its cause is multifactorial. The impacts of the coronavirus pandemic are unknown. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of injuries in the 2023 Campeonato Paulista de Futebol (São Paulo Soccer Championship) and compare it to the championships prior to the pandemic.

SHOULDER PAIN, ULTRASOUND CHANGES, AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE IN OBESE PATIENTS.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of shoulder pain, level of functional performance, and morphological involvement of the rotator cuff on ultrasound in morbidly obese patients.

Methods: The study included 54 morbidly obese patients receiving follow-up care in a bariatric surgery outpatient clinic, which were compared with a control group consisting of 49 participants. Presence of shoulder pain, shoulder functional performance, ultrasound of the rotator cuff and blood tests were the parameters evaluated.