Survey of parasitic fauna data from wild animals through coproparasitological diagnosis in Southern Brazil.

Background: The proximity between people and their domestic animals with wild animal populations can result in the spread of diseases with a significant impact on public health. Infection by parasites in wildlife is considered an important bioindicator of the current state of ecosystems, and studying the epidemiology of these infections is essential for a better understanding of natural foci. However, research on parasites in southern Brazil, especially in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), is considered incipient.

Syphilis reactivity among blood donors in Brazil: associated factors and implications for public health monitoring.

Background: Increasing syphilis infection rates are a concerning issue worldwide. Blood donation screening is an opportunity to monitor the burden of asymptomatic infections, providing information on contemporary factors associated with infection and public health insights into transmission.

Methods: Blood donations collected at five Brazilian blood centers between January 2020 and February 2022 were screened with treponemal or non-treponemal assays according to local protocols, followed by alternate Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA); samples with reactive or indeterminate results in the alternate ELISA were further tested with the rapid plasma reagin (RPR), and categorized as RPR-positive or RPR-negative.

Differential impact of TIM-3 ligands on NK cell function.

Background: The transmembrane protein T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing molecule 3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that is expressed by a variety of leukocyte subsets, particularly in the tumor microenvironment. An effective TIM-3-targeting therapy should account for multiple biological factors, including the disease setting, the specific cell types involved and their varying sensitivities to the four putative TIM-3 ligands (galectin-9, phosphatidylserine, high mobility group protein B1 and carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule 1), each of which engages a unique binding site on the receptor's variable immunoglobulin domain. The primary objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and function of TIM-3 natural killer (NK) cells in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), determine whether the four TIM-3 ligands differentially affect TIM-3 NK cell functions, identify the most immunosuppressive ligand, and evaluate whether targeting ligand-mediated TIM-3 signaling enhances NK cell effector functions.

Molecular phylogeny and systematic revision of the Brazilian species of Pocock, 1894 (Arachnida: Uropygi: Mastigoproctinae).

Uropygi is an order of arachnids commonly known as vinegaroons or whip-scorpions. So far, two genera are known to occur in Brazil: Thelyphonellus Pocock, 1894 and Mastigoproctus Pocock, 1894. We examined the morphology of 182 specimens of Brazilian Mastigoproctus and sequenced 42 specimens for phylogenetic analyses, using mitochondrial and nuclear molecular markers.

Prognostic value of GLIM criteria including systemic inflammation in patients with advanced cancer.

An assessment of systemic inflammation and nutritional status may form the basis of a framework to examine the prognostic value of cachexia in patients with advanced cancer. The objective of the study was to examine the prognostic value of GLIM criteria, including body mass index (BMI), weight loss (WL) and systemic inflammation (mGPS), in advanced cancer patients. Three criteria were examined in a combined cohort of patients with advanced cancer and their relationship with survival was examined using Cox regression methods.

Assessing neighbourhood-scale BTI spray applications and laboratory-based mortality testing on larval development.

Mosquitoes, particularly , pose significant public health risks by transmitting diseases like dengue, zika and chikungunya. var. (BTI) is a crucial larvicide targeting mosquitoes while sparing other organisms and the environment.

Bibliometrics and altmetrics on halitosis: exploring the top 100 most-cited papers.

Halitosis has a multifactorial etiology being of interest by different health areas. The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric and altmetric analyses of the top 100 most-cited papers on halitosis to provide a comprehensive view of their scientific and alternative metrics. This would give perspectives on citation dynamics and online attention of the research outputs.

Childhood maltreatment and the structural development of hippocampus across childhood and adolescence.

Background: Prior studies suggest that childhood maltreatment is associated with altered hippocampal volume. However, longitudinal studies are currently scarce, making it difficult to determine how alterations in hippocampal volume evolve over time. The current study examined the relationship between childhood maltreatment and hippocampal volumetric development across childhood and adolescence in a community sample.

Exposure to Oil Spill Among Fishers on the Brazilian Coast in 2019/2020.

Objective: In 2019/2020, the Brazilian coast was affected by the largest oil spill disaster affecting the extent of the coastline recorded in tropical oceans. The impact on fishing areas and the prohibition of seafood sales and consumption exacerbated small-scale fishers' vulnerability. The small-scale fishers (SSFs) were the most active in protecting fishing territories, carrying out cleanup efforts without adequate personal protective equipment.

Association between healthy dietary pattern and common mental disorders in women: a cross-sectional population-based study.

Objectives: Scientific evidence suggests an association between diet quality and the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) in women. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between a healthy dietary pattern and CMD among women.

Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on a representative sample of 1128 women, aged 20-69 years, residing in the urban area of São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil.

The effects of recent stressful life events on outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: results from the longitudinal EU-GEI high-risk study.

Background: Recent stressful life events (SLE) are a risk factor for psychosis, but limited research has explored how SLEs affect individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. The current study investigated the longitudinal effects of SLEs on functioning and symptom severity in CHR individuals, where we hypothesized CHR would report more SLEs than healthy controls (HC), and SLEs would be associated with poorer outcomes.

Methods: The study used longitudinal data from the EU-GEI High Risk study.

Rapid isothermal molecular tests to discriminate between Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum infections in dogs.

Background: We standardized two recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays coupled with lateral flow (LF) strips for the detection of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum kinetoplast DNA (kDNA).

Methods: The RPA-LF assays were tested at different temperatures and reaction times, using DNA from cultured L. braziliensis and L.

Helminthiasis and mpox vaccination: challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The ongoing mpox outbreak in sub-Saharan Africa has highlighted the critical need for equitable vaccine access and robust logistical support. However, these factors alone are insufficient to ensure the success of vaccination campaigns in regions characterized by unique epidemiological and immunological challenges. One significant issue is the high prevalence of helminth infections, which are known to impair immune responses to vaccines, potentially reducing both short-term efficacy and long-term antibody titers.

First comprehensive report on the chemical composition of the floral perfume of (Orchidaceae).

This study presents the first complete analysis of the chemical composition of the flowers of the species and . The compounds were extracted distillation and simultaneous extraction and analysed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. A total of 82 compounds were identified and the results reveal significant differences in the abundance of compounds between the species.

Global Challenges in the Access of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke (Global MT Access).

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for eligible acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) since 2015.

Aim: Our aim was to determine the key challenges for MT implementation and access worldwide.

Methods: We conducted an international online survey consisting of 37 questions, distributed through the World Stroke Organization network, and as invited by co-authors between December 2022 and March 2023.

Morphological effects of acetylcarvacrol on thyroid of Wistar rats subjected to repeated dose dermal and oral toxicity tests.

Acetylcarvacrol is a semi-synthetic product derived from carvacrol and has known activity against ticks. In vertebrates, the thyroid has been used as a bioindicator in toxicity studies due to its sensitivity to external factors. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of acetylcarvacrol in Wistar rats subjected to repeated dose dermal and oral toxicity tests by means of histopathological analysis of the thyroid.

Association between contextual factors and vaccine coverage against human papilomavirus in adolescents in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: global spatial regressions.

This study aimed to identify the associations between socioeconomic factors, the social environment, and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine coverage among adolescents in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. This ecological study utilized secondary data from 853 municipalities in MG, covering female adolescents from 2014 to 2022 and male adolescents from 2017 to 2022, as provided by the information system of the National Immunization Program. Spatial statistical analysis was conducted to assess spatial dependence and identify spatial clusters of municipalities with high and low HPV vaccine coverage.

Advances and Challenges in Molecular Docking Applied to Neglected Tropical Diseases.

The discovery of new drugs for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is challenging due to the complexity of parasite-host interactions, causing resistance and the scarcity of financial resources. However, computational techniques, particularly molecular docking, have made significant advancements. This approach allows for the virtual screening of large compound libraries against specific molecular targets in parasites, efficiently cost-effectively identifying potential drug candidates.

Aquatic-terrestrial linkages drive contrasting biodiversity patterns in tropical and temperate forests.

Riparian ecosystems harbour unique biodiversity because of their close interconnections with adjacent aquatic ecosystems. Yet, how aquatic ecosystems influence terrestrial biodiversity over different spatial scales is poorly understood, particularly in the tropics. We conducted field campaigns to collect 235 terrestrial invertebrate assemblages along 150 m transects from 47 streams in both Brazil and the UK, compiling one of the largest known datasets of riparian invertebrate community composition at multiple spatial scales.

Unveiling the role of adhesin proteins in controlling infections: a systematic review.

Combating multidrug-resistant is considered a priority by the World Health Organization. Virulence mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, multidrug resistance, and high adherence to both biotic and abiotic surfaces, underscore the urgency of exploring approaches to control this pathogen. The search for new antibiotic compounds and alternative strategies like immunotherapies and vaccination offers potential solutions to address this pressing health concern.

Voice Meets Swallowing: A Scoping Review of Therapeutic Connections.

Purpose: This scoping review aimed to explore the use of volitional voice tasks in assessing swallowing-related outcomes and to evaluate their therapeutic impact on swallowing disorders, including their effects on swallowing biomechanics.

Method: This scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A literature search was performed across multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), and additional records were identified through manual searches.

Color match and stability of single-shade resin-based composites before and after artificial aging.

Purpose: To evaluate the color match and stability of single-shade resin-based composites (RBCs) in Class V restorations before and after ultra-violet light artificial aging.

Methods: Acrylic resin teeth of A1 and A3 were randomly assigned into seven groups to be restored with single-shade RBCs and universal-shade RBCs, shades A1 and A3. Standardized Class V cavities were restored using RBC and underwent accelerated aging for 480 hours.