Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) and Its Association with Donepezil Restore Cognitive Impairment, Suppress Oxidative Stress and Pro-inflammatory Responses, and Improve Purinergic Signaling in a Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Model in Mice.

Purinergic signaling plays a major role in aging and neurodegenerative diseases, which are associated with memory decline. Blackcurrant (BC), an anthocyanin-rich berry, is renowned for its antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. However, evidence on the effects of BC on purinergic signaling is lacking.

Age-related trends in trabecular bone scores and bone mineral density in Chinese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) typically have an average or higher bone mineral density (BMD) but are at a significantly higher risk of fracture than patients without diabetes. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a textural index derived from pixel gray-level variations in lumbar spine DXA image, which has been introduced as an indirect measure of bone quality. This study aimed to discuss the trends and annual rates of change in BMD and TBS with age in Chinese men with T2DM and men without diabetes mellitus.

Prevalence of self-medication among university students diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) usually affect the stomatognathic system and can be symptomatic. Patients often self-medicate to relieve symptoms, and this can increase the risk of complications such as adverse drug reactions, overdose, physical and psychological dependence, and delay of appropriate treatment. It is important for dentists to know the prevalence of self-medication to investigate this condition in their patients, thus the primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of self-medication among university students with no TMD, non-painful TMD and painful TMD and the secondary aim was to assess association with independent factors.

Prevalence of orofacial and head pain: an umbrella review of systematic reviews.

Head pain (HP) and orofacial pain (OFP) are the most prevalent types of pain worldwide, encompassing cranial, oral and facial pain. The aim of this umbrella review was to answer the following questions: "What is the overall prevalence of HP/OFP and the different prevalences of HP/OFP conditions in adults and children?". We searched for studies investigating the prevalence of HP/OFP in four major databases and two databases from the grey literature, based on the following PECOS inclusion criteria: (P)opulation: Adults and children; (E)xposure: Orofacial or head pain conditions such as (1) dental, periodontal and gingival, (2) temporomandibular disorders (TMD), (3) neuropathic conditions, (4) headaches, and (5) idiopathic pain conditions; (C)omparison: None; (O)utcome: Prevalence; (S)tudies: Systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses.

Pap smear and colposcopy findings in female inmates of a prison unit in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the Pap smear and colposcopy findings in female inmates in a prison unit in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by analyzing the Pap smear and colposcopy examinations of female inmates in a prison unit. The following socio-demographic data were assessed: age, nationality, level of education, marital status, height, weight, ethnicity, occupation, religion, sexual orientation, and presence of tattoos.

Understanding the work-related challenges of organ and tissue donation coordinators during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-method study.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the perceptions of donation coordinators in Canada and understand how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their work activities.

Design: A sequential mixed-method design incorporating a cross-sectional survey investigating demographic data, substance use and abuse and perceived stress related to the pandemic and semistructured qualitative interviews to further investigate those.

Setting: Organ donation organisations across Canada.

Cost-utility analysis of MR imaging-guided transurethral ultrasound ablation for the treatment of low- to intermediate-risk localised prostate cancer.

Background: Magnetic resonance-guided transurethral ultrasound ablation (MR-TULSA) is a new focal therapy for treating localised prostate cancer that is associated with fewer adverse effects (AEs) compared with established treatments. To support large-scale clinical implementation, information about cost-effectiveness is required.

Objective: To evaluate the cost-utility of MR-TULSA compared with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP), external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and active surveillance (AS) for patients with low- to favourable intermediate-risk localised prostate cancer.

RETHINKING LOW TESTOSTERONE IN OLDER MEN: ASSOCIATION WITH OBESITY RATHER THAN AGING.

Background: The decline in testosterone levels among older men remains a subject of debate. While some cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have reported a decrease in testosterone with advancing age, others have not observed this trend. In this study, we aimed to evaluate testosterone levels and identify predictors of low testosterone in an age-stratified cohort of men.

Exploring DiPP (Diisopentyl Phthalate) Neurotoxicity and the Detoxification Process in Zebrafish Larvae - A Silent Contaminant?

Diisopentyl phthalate (DiPP) is present in many consumer goods, but can be absorbed into the human body, and can disrupt the endocrine system affecting reproductive health and fetal development. Studies revealed that biological samples of pregnant women in Brazil contained DiPP, raising even more the concerns about its usage. This study investigated how DiPP concentrations (12.

Chronic fat consumption affects metabolic aspects of murine physiology and influences ovarian follicle atresia.

Saturated fat has been linked to cardiovascular diseases, leading to an increase in polyunsaturated fat consumption. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of three fat sources (coconut oil, lard and soybean oil) on metabolic and reproductive parameters in heterogenic mice. Female Swiss mice (5-6 weeks old; n=9/group) were divided into four experimental groups: control (CC), coconut oil (CO), lard (LA), and soybean oil (SO), and were orally given 0.

Growing up without violence (GWV): Study protocol for a cluster randomised trial and process evaluation of a school-based intervention preventing adolescent sexual exploitation in Brazil.

Background: Sexual exploitation of children and adolescents (SECA) is a mostly invisible phenomenon, having negative impacts on adolescents' health and well-being.. There is increasing awarenessof preventative strategies to reduce sexual exploitation of children and adolescents, but limited evidence on their effectiveness and mechanisms.

The Effect of Blood Pressure on Rates of Progression in Focal Ischemic versus Generalized Cup Enlargement Glaucoma Phenotypes.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of blood pressure (BP) on rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning in glaucomatous eyes with focal ischemic (FI) versus generalized enlargement (GE) optic disc phenotypes.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: The study included 122 eyes from 101 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Effects of periodontal disease on the proteomic profile of the periodontal ligament.

Periodontal disease affects over 1 billion people globally. This study investigated how periodontitis affects the protein profile of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in rats. Eight Holtzman rats were divided into the control and experimental periodontitis groups.

The effect of thermal stress on the X-organ/sinus gland proteome of the estuarine blue crab Callinectes sapidus during the intermolt and premolt stages.

Survival of brachyuran crabs is temperature-dependent and thermal stress promotes changes during molting. We aimed to decipher the impact of thermal stresses on the X-organ/sinus gland (XO/SG) complex, a temperature-sensitive neuroendocrine tissue involved in the molting regulation of Callinectes sapidus during the intermolt and premolt phases. We employed a proteogenomic approach using specimens subjected to control (24 °C), cold (19 °C), and heat (29 °C) temperatures.

Machine Learning Assessment of Dredging Impacts on the Phytoplankton Community on the Brazilian Equatorial Margin: A Multivariate Analysis.

Dredging in estuarine systems significantly impacts phytoplankton communities, with suspended particulate matter (SPM) and dissolved aluminum (Al) serving as indicators of disturbance intensity. This study assessed the effects of dredging in the São Marcos Estuarine Complex (SMEC), Brazil, over three distinct events (2015, 2017, 2020), involving varying sediment volumes and climatic influences. Prolonged dredging operations and increased sediment volumes led to a pronounced 43.

Epicardial Substrate Ablation in Symptomatic Brugada Syndrome Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Single-arm Meta-analysis.

Background: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic heart disease that predisposes individuals to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Although implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and quinidine are primary treatments, recurrent BrS-triggered ventricular arrhythmias can persist. In this setting, epicardial substrate ablation has emerged as a promising alternative for symptomatic patients.

Development of an ex vivo model to assess the impact of fumonisin B on swine intestinal morphology.

This study was conducted to assess the effects of fumonisin B (FB) on the jejunum of pigs using a novel ex vivo model conducted in parallel with an in vivo trial. For the in vivo model, twelve male 28 to 70-days-old pigs were subjected to two treatments of six animals each: the control group, fed a basal diet (BD), and the FB group, fed the BD + 50 mg/kg FB. At 70 days, the animals were slaughtered and one jejunal sample was collected from each pig for further histopathological analyses.

Panitumumab versus cetuximab in combination with irinotecan in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer.

Purpose: There is evidence that adding cetuximab can overcome resistance to irinotecan, but a similar analysis with Panitumumab isn't readily available. This study evaluated the activity of each anti-EGFR plus irinotecan as a salvage third-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort of metastatic colorectal cancer patients who progressed to irinotecan monotherapy and were exposed to an anti-EGFR antibody as a third line of treatment.

Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group expert consensus statement on the peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer.

The peri-operative management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in earlier stage disease has seen significant advances in recent years with the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy. However, many unanswered questions and challenges remain, including the application of clinical trial data to routine clinical practice. Recognising the unique demographic profile of Asian patients with NSCLC and heterogeneous healthcare systems, the Asian Thoracic Oncology Research Group (ATORG) convened a consensus meeting in Singapore on 26 April 2024 to discuss relevant issues spanning diagnostic testing to post-neoadjuvant treatment considerations and future directions.

Primary prevention of post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in high-risk complete hydatidiform mole: A single-dose prophylactic actinomycin D, associated with uterine evacuation - a long retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of actinomycin D (ActD) as prophylactic chemotherapy (P-chem) in patients with high-risk complete hydatidiform mole (Hr-CHM) on progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).

Methods: From 1996 to 2023, 426 Hr-CHMs were selected in a cohort of 1623 patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). From 1996 to 2023, 290 patients with Hr-CHMs received a single bolus dose of Act-D at the time of uterine evacuation (Hr-CHM P-chem group); 136 with the same risk factors did not receive P-chem (Hr-CHM control group).

The role of luteinizing hormone activity in spermatogenesis: from physiology to clinical practice.

The production of spermatozoa, a process known as spermatogenesis, is primarily controlled by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)-driven testosterone. LH acts on the Leydig cells, stimulating steroid production, predominantly testosterone, and activating critical inter-related spermatogenesis regulatory pathways. Despite evidence that exogenous gonadotropins containing LH activity can effectively restore spermatogenesis in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the use of these drugs to treat other forms of male infertility is the subject of an ongoing debate.

Recent developments on aerial lab-on-a-drone platforms for remote environmental monitoring: A review.

Background: Distinct classes of environmental contaminants - such as microplastics, volatile organic compounds, inorganic gases, hormones, pesticides/herbicides, and heavy metals - have been continuously released into the environment from different sources. Anthropogenic activities with unprecedented consequences have impacted soil, surface waters, and the atmosphere. In this scenario, developing sensing materials and analytical platforms for monitoring water and air quality is essential to supporting worldwide environmental control agencies.

Engaging with young professionals in transfusion medicine: Insights from a needs assessment survey targeting an international cohort.

Background And Objectives: Professionals who work or study in transfusion medicine under 40 years of age are considered young professionals (YPs) by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT). While the ISBT provides opportunities for YPs, their needs have to be assessed to customize initiatives in a way that could potentially improve their engagement. This survey aimed to assess the needs of YPs in transfusion medicine and understand their perspectives on future ISBT initiatives.

Achieving stable nitrogen removal through mainstream partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) with a hybrid biofilm-granular reactor.

Simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) process offers a promising method for the effective removal of carbon and nitrogen from wastewater. However, ensuring stability is a challenge. This study investigated operational parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT) and biomass retention to stabilize SNAD operation, transitioning from synthetic to anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater (APMW) in an upflow hybrid biofilm-granular reactor (UHR).