Comparative Analysis of 4NQO- and Ethanol-Induced Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Male and Female Mice: Association With Peripheral Blood Inflammatory Markers.

Background: Considering that peripheral blood biomarkers are prognostic predictors for several human tumors, this study aimed to comparatively analyze the association of hematological alterations with the incidence of epithelial dysplasia (ED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in male and female mice treated with 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and ethanol (EtOH).

Methods: 120 C57Bl/6J mice (60 males and 60 females) were allocated to four groups (n = 15). They were treated firstly either with 5 mg/mL propylene glycol (PPG) or 100 μg/mL 4NQO in the drinking water for 10 weeks, followed by sterilized water (HO) or 8% EtOH (v/v) for 15 weeks, as follows: PPG/HO, PPG/EtOH, 4NQO/HO, and 4NQO/EtOH (CEUA-UFU, #020/21).

Factors Associated with Low/Moderate Perceived Risk for HIV Acquisition Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Eligible to Use Pre-exposure Prophylaxis from Brazil, Mexico, and Peru.

Perceived risk for HIV acquisition among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) may not align with their actual sexual HIV exposure. Factors associated with low/moderate perceived risk among GBMSM eligible for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) (based on their high estimated HIV exposure) have been poorly described in Latin America. This is a secondary analysis of a 2018 web-based cross-sectional survey in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru.

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Marathon Running: A narrative Review.

Background: Marathon training and running have many beneficial effects on human health and physical fitness; however, they also pose risks. To date, no comprehensive review regarding both the benefits and risks of marathon running on different organ systems has been published.

Main Body: The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of the benefits and risks of marathon training and racing on different organ systems.

PETRICCS Guideline Protocol: A Call to Improve Reporting Standards in Cell Culture Research.

Background: Cell culture studies play an important role in addressing fundamental scientific questions. However, inadequate reporting of these studies results in a lack of transparency and reproducibility. Recognizing the need for improvement, several ongoing efforts, such as CRIS guidelines and the ICLAC checklist, are focused on enhancing best practices for in vitro studies.

Short-Term Evolution of MASLD Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Focus on Fibrotic MASH.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) includes simple steatosis and metabolic dysfuncion-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), with fibrosis in MASH serving as a critical prognostic marker. This study investigates the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on fibrotic MASH, assessed using the fibrotic NASH index (FNI) and the non-invasive NASH detection score (NI-NASH-DS), as well as provides further data on the diagnostic accuracy of both scores.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 104 individuals (91.

Morphological and Phylogenetic Analyses of Ceratomyxa tessaloniensis n. sp. In Astyanax mexicanus De Fillipi, 1853 (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Flexal River, Tessalônica Community, Amapá, Amazon, Brazil.

Purpose: This work described a new species of Ceratomyxa, based on morphological and phylogenetic analyzes of myxospores collected from the gallbladder of the fish Astyanax mexicanus.

Methods: Sixty-two specimens were captured, between December 2022 and February 2024, in the Flexal River, in the community of Tessalônica, state of Amapá. The specimens were transported alive to the Laboratory of Morphophysiology and Animal Health, at the State University of Amapá, where the studies were carried out.

Stem cells prevent long-term deterioration of renal function after renal artery revascularization in a renovascular hypertension model in rats.

Partial stenosis of the renal artery causes renovascular hypertension (RVH) and is accompanied by chronic renal ischemia, resulting in irreversible kidney damage. Revascularization constitutes the most efficient therapy for normalizing blood pressure (BP) and has significant benefits for renal function; however, the tissue damage caused by chronic hypoxia is not fully reversed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have produced discrete results in minimizing RVH and renal tissue and functional improvements since the obstruction persists.

Comparison of scenarios in the trajectory of body mass index among adolescents monitored in primary health care: the VigiNUTRI Brazil study.

We compared the BMI-for-age (BMI/A) trajectory of Brazilian adolescents monitored in the primary health care (PHC) setting based on a simulated scenario. We used a real-life cohort of adolescents monitored by the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sisvan) between 2008 and 2018. The LMS method was employed to estimate the simulated BMI/A evolution curve, assuming that the adolescents maintained the conditions observed during their first assessment (simulation curve).

PCMMD: A Novel Dataset of Plasma Cells to Support the Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a cytogenetically heterogeneous clonal plasma cell proliferative disease whose diagnosis is supported by analyses on histological slides of bone marrow aspirate. In summary, experts use a labor-intensive methodology to compute the ratio between plasma cells and non-plasma cells. Therefore, the key aspect of the methodology is identifying these cells, which relies on the experts' attention and experience.

Evidence-Based Surgical Guidelines for Treating Children With Rhabdomyosarcoma.

Background: Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in children. However, there is considerable variation in surgical management practices worldwide, highlighting the need for standardized Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG).

Methods: The CPG development involved assembling a multidisciplinary group, prioritizing 10 key topic areas, conducting evidence searches, and synthesizing findings.

Acoustic Measures According to Speaker Gender Identity: Differences and Correlation With Vocal Satisfaction.

Objective: To analyze acoustic measures of speech and vowel samples from individuals of different genders and to correlate these acoustic measures with vocal satisfaction. This study aims to provide additional data on acoustic measures, serving as references for clinicians while emphasizing the importance of moving beyond cisgender norms. Additionally, it addresses a gap in the Brazilian context by exploring correlations between acoustic measures and self-perceived vocal satisfaction across diverse gender groups.

Efficacy and safety of an algorithm using C-reactive protein to guide antibiotic therapy applied through a digital clinical decision support system: a study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: The escalating resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials poses a significant public health threat. Strategies that use biomarkers to guide antimicrobial therapy-most notably Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP)-show promise in safely reducing patient antibiotic exposure. While CRP is less studied, it offers advantages such as lower cost and broader availability compared with PCT.

The prevalence of food addiction and its association with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

To determine the prevalence of FA in individuals with type 2 diabetes and to assess the association between FA and type 2 diabetes. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PsycINFO were searched until November 2024. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023465903).

Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol use disorder: A systematic review of evidence and future potential.

Introduction: While cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) remains a highly effective psychotherapy approach for managing Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), its potential is hindered by workforce shortages and access barriers. In response to these challenges, Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (iCBT) has emerged as an innovative solution that integrates the core CBT structure with technology. In iCBT, educational materials, therapist communication and progress dashboards can be centralized in a digital format, and delivered in a self-guided, therapist-guided or blended approach.

Postpartum furosemide for accelerating recovery in patients with preeclampsia: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial: Furosemide for postpartum hypertension.

Background: Preeclampsia is a major hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, which may lead to severe complications, particularly in the first two weeks of the postpartum period. During the postpartum period, blood pressure levels remain high, often increasing to levels higher than those experienced during pregnancy. Furosemide, a fast-acting diuretic, reduces the intravascular volume overload and may represent an alternative to accelerate the normalization of blood pressure levels.

The Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins p16, CDK4, and PTEN Are Unsuitable as Biomarkers in Oral Melanocytic Lesions.

Background: Melanocytic neoplasms are rare in the oral cavity and represent a diagnostic challenge due to the overlap between benign and malignant lesions. However, their pathogenesis is not fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of the cell cycle-related proteins p16, CDK4, and PTEN in oral melanocytic nevi and melanomas.

Time-dependent fear memory generalization triggered by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition during reconsolidation.

Fear generalization, a lack of discrimination between safe and unsafe cues, is a hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder. The phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) regulates the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, which has been proposed to be involved in fear memory generalization. However, whether PDE5 activity underlies fear memory generalization remains unexplored.

Oxidative stress and obesity are associated with endothelial dysfunction and subclinical atherosclerosis in adolescents.

Objectives: This study explores the relationship between obesity, endothelial dysfunction, and the critical role of oxidative stress biomarkers in subclinical atherosclerosis.

Design & Methods: The study included 114 adolescents aged 12-17 years from Juiz de Fora, Brazil, divided into 40 individuals with obesity and 74 controls. Physical and biochemical assessments were conducted, including measurements of Brachial Flow-Mediated Dilation (BFMD), Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (IMT), and oxidative biomarkers such as nitrite, nitrate, and 8-isoprostane.

Green synthesis of silica-coated gold nanoparticles employing femtosecond laser, solid targets, and water.

Gold nanoparticles are widely used in biomedical applications due to their unique properties. However, traditional synthesis methods generate contaminants that cause cytotoxicity and compromise the biocompatibility of the nanomaterials. Therefore, green synthesis methods are essential to produce pure and biocompatible nanoparticles, ensuring their effectiveness in biomedical applications.

Allometric equations for estimating above and belowground biomass of Colophospermum mopane in Mozambique.

Seasonally dry tropical woodlands are vital for climate change mitigation, yet their full potential in carbon storage remains poorly understood. This is largely due to the lack of species-specific allometric models tailored to these ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, this study aimed to develop species-specific biomass allometric equations (BAEs) for accurately estimating both above- and below-ground biomass of Colophospermum mopane (J.

Body composition and physical performance of mountain bike athletes.

Body composition is a determining factor in the physical performance of cyclists, directly influencing efficiency and power during competitions. Understanding these aspects can help optimize training and maximize results. This study aimed to analyze the influence of body composition on physical performance in mountain bike athletes.

Waste marble sludge and calcined clay brick powders in conventional cement farina production for cleaner built environment.

In the manufacturing of some sectors, such as marble and brick, certain byproducts, such as sludge, powder, and pieces containing valuable chemical compounds, emerge. Some concrete plants utilize these byproducts as mineralogical additives in Turkey. The objective of the experimental study is to ascertain whether the incorporation of waste from the marble and brick industries, in powder form, into cement manufacturing as a mineralogical additive or substitute is a viable option.

Investigating the Antiscale Magnetic Treatment Controversy: Insights from the Model Calcium Carbonate Scalant.

The antiscale magnetic treatment (ASMT) claims to utilize magnetic field to combat scaling. However, its underlying mechanism, effectiveness, and reliability remain controversial. To address these contentious aspects, we analyze the influence of a magnetic field on the different stages of typical scale formation, using [Formula: see text] as a model scale.

Home mechanical ventilation: a narrative review and a proposal of practical approach.

Growing evidence of the benefits of home ventilatory support in patients with chronic respiratory failure along with technological advances in ventilators have enabled their use in overly complex situations, shaping a new scenario for physicians. This has further given rise to new challenges related to their incorporation into current medical practice. However, this evolution needs to be coupled with knowledge and skills of physicians who are willing to prescribe Home Mechanical Ventilation (HMV), in order to prevent them from making inappropriate choices or adjustments that may ultimately have ethical and legal implications.