Dysplasia and Colorectal Cancer Surveillance in Ulcerative Colitis Patients in Latin America: Real-World Data.

Background: The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is higher than in the general population, in Latin America there is a progressive increase of UC, and information about CRC screening in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the findings of endoscopic surveillance of CRC in patients with IBD according to available technology.

Methods: Multicenter, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted in Latin American countries, in patients with UC, predominantly with more than 8 years of diagnosis and different degrees of disease activity.

3D printing pen for patterning electrochemical sensors on a paper platform for capsaicin detection.

The development of a print-at-home, low-cost, and miniaturized paper-based cell with 3D-printed electrodes using a 3D-printing pen and a bespoke conductive filament for detecting capsaicin in hot sauce is reported herein. The material cost of producing each electrode was less than £0.01.

The effects of warming on loggerhead turtle nesting counts.

Global trends in marine turtle nesting numbers vary by region, influenced by environmental or anthropogenic factors. Our study investigates the potential role of past temperature fluctuations on these trends, particularly whether warmer beaches are linked to increased nesting due to higher female production (since sea turtles have temperature-dependent sex determination). We selected the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) due to its wide distribution, strong philopatry and vulnerability to environmental changes.

Comparison of Sphenoid Sinus Morphology in Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Control Groups: A CBCT Study.

Objective: To investigate and compare the morphology of the sphenoid sinus (SS) in patients with bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and the control group.

Design: A retrospective comparative study.

Setting: Craniofacial rehabilitation institution.

Non-linear interactions of lower limb clinical measures associated with asymptomatic Achilles tendon pathology in ballet dancers.

Context: Tendon abnormalities on imaging are commonly observed in individuals with Achilles tendinopathy. Those abnormalities can also be present in asymptomatic individuals, which is an important risk factor for developing tendon symptoms. Ballet dancers are particularly vulnerable due to the high loads placed on their Achilles tendons.

Palovarotene in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva: review and perspective.

Introduction: Palovarotene is a retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist that was studied in phase-2 and phase-3 clinical trials for the inhibition of new heterotopic ossification (HO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Despite numerous setbacks and regulatory delays, palovarotene is now the first approved FOP treatment in the U.S.

A Bayesian Interpretation of CABANA and Other Randomized Controlled Trials for Catheter Ablation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Catheter ablation improves symptoms and quality of life in atrial fibrillation patients, but its effect on adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality remains uncertain. Bayesian analysis of randomized controlled trials offers a deeper understanding of treatment effects beyond conventional p-value thresholds.

Methods: We conducted a post hoc Bayesian reanalysis of CABANA and four similar trials to estimate catheter ablation's effect on cardiovascular and survival outcomes.

Echo-Biometry Assessment of a Quadruple Pregnancy in a Captive Capybara.

A 5-year-old female capybara, conditioned ex situ before mating, was monitored by ultrasound to establish prenatal growth and assess fetal echo-biometric variables. The records were taken twice weekly until delivery (i.e.

Comparison Between Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test and Modified Agglutination Test for Detecting Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG Antibodies in Neotropical Primates.

Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a great impact on the health of Neotropical primates (NP). The aim of this study was to compare the agreement between the immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the modified agglutination test (MAT) to detect IgG anti-T. gondii antibodies in NP.

Early maternal undernutrition induces sex-related metabolic changes in adult offspring.

Nutritional status during the developmental periods leads to predisposition to several diseases and comorbidities, highlighting metabolic and reproductive changes throughout adult life, and in the next generations. One of the experimental models used to induce undernutrition is litter size expansion, which decreases the availability of breast milk to pups and delays development. This work evaluated the effects of maternal undernutrition induced by litter size expansion, a maternal undernutrition preconception model, on the metabolic and reproductive alterations of the offspring.

Chronic Offending and Its Relation to Homicide in a Large, Prospective Brazilian Birth Cohort.

Background: Many studies have found that a small group of chronic offenders is responsible for the majority of crimes and tend to be particularly violent. However, there is a major lack of evidence on chronic offending in low- and middle-income countries; understanding these patterns is especially important in settings with very high levels of serious violence, such as Brazil.

Aims: To identify the extent that crime is concentrated in chronic offenders and linked to violence and homicide in a Brazilian cohort.

Intravitreal dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex®) findings over time: ultrasound and ultra-widefield fundus photography.

Background: Ozurdex® (Allergan®, AbbVie Company, North Chicago, Illinois, EUA), is composed of 0.7 mg of dexamethasone, fused in a solid biodegradable PLGA polymer, whose degradation occurs naturally in the vitreous cavity, usually in six months after its application.

Methods: In this study, we included patients aged ≥ 18 years with one or two eyes who had an indication for Ozurdex implants.

Demographic and historical processes influencing Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) population structure across South America.

Background: In this study, we investigated the genetic variability and population structure of the New World screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax. We tested the hypothesis that the species exhibits a center-periphery distribution of genetic variability, with higher genetic diversity in central populations (e.g.

Incidence and estimated risk of residual transmission of hepatitis a virus and parvovirus B19 by blood transfusion in the state of Rio De Janeiro - Brazil: a retrospective study.

Background: Nonenveloped viruses, such as hepatitis A virus (HAV) and parvovirus B19 (B19V), are not inactivated by detergents and solvents commonly used to manufacture plasma derivatives. Cases of transfusion-transmitted HAV and B19V have already been described in several countries. This study aimed to determine the incidence of HAV and B19V asymptomatic infections in blood donors from Rio de Janeiro and evaluate the residual risk of transmission to blood derivative recipients.

Clinical and radiological characteristics and 1-year self-reported outcomes from patients with encephalitis and coronavirus disease 2019.

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection is responsible for multisystemic disease and has high transmissibility. It culminated in a pandemic, challenging scientific knowledge and care capacity. Neurological symptoms are highly prevalent, and cases of encephalitis have been described, in both peri- and postinfectious periods.

Exposure of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies to imidacloprid impairs larval development, promotes oxidative stress in pupae, and induces changes in the midgut of adult bees.

Bees are essential pollinators that contribute to maintaining biodiversity and increasing agricultural production. However, by foraging on agricultural crops, bees may become contaminated with compounds used for pest control. In this study, we exposed bee (Apis mellifera L.

Application of fourier transform infrared vibrational spectroscopy in identifying early biochemical changes in lipid profiles of individuals undergoing Roux-en-y gastric bypass.

Background: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is an analytical technique increasingly applied in biological analysis. This study investigates the application of FTIR to identify early biochemical changes, particularly in lipid profiles, in individuals undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods: An observational study involving patients from a university hospital's Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Program, with evaluations performed before (T0) and two months after (T1) RYGB.

Effectiveness of HPV vaccination in reducing infection among young Brazilian women.

Background: Globally, cervical cancer is an increasing public health issue, and vaccination against HPV has proven to be an effective strategy to reduce this neoplasia. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the quadrivalent vaccine in reducing the prevalence and incidence of HPV infection in women, aged 18 to 24 years old, in the cities of Ouro Preto and Mariana, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Methods: A concurrent cohort study was performed, with an initial follow-up of 12 to 18 months.

Arbovirus exposure and subclinical myocardial dysfunction in an Indigenous population in Northeast Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Human activities, such as urbanization and climate change, have facilitated the spread of arbovirus-carrying vectors, disproportionately affecting vulnerable traditional Indigenous communities.

Objective: To explore the relationships between subclinical myocardial dysfunction, assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS), and comprehensive arbovirus serology in an Indigenous population, while also describing the serological and epidemiological profile of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses.

Methods: This ancillary study is part of the first phase (2016-2017) of the Project of Atherosclerosis among Indigenous Populations (PAI), a cross-sectional study involving participants from two Indigenous communities with different degrees of urbanization and a highly urbanized city in Northeast Brazil.

Radiomorphometric indices for measuring mandibular bone quality in oncologic patients.

Objective: This retrospective study compared the thickness and degree of resorption of the mandibular cortex in patients with head and neck cancer (AG), patients with cancer at sites other than the head and neck (BG), and patients with no cancer (CG) to describe and compare the changes in the mandible after antineoplastic therapy and their possible clinical implications.

Materials And Methods: A total of 287 panoramic radiographs were examined. The following radiomorphometric indices were analyzed: mental index (MI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), and mandibular cortical index (MCI).

Exploring the Different Impacts of Ketamine on Neurotrophic Factors and Inflammatory Parameters in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis Model.

Given ketamine's conflicting impacts on the central nervous system, investigating its effects within an inflammatory context becomes crucial. This study aimed to assess the impact of varying ketamine doses on neurotrophin and inflammatory cytokine levels within the brains of rats submitted to the sepsis model. Wistar rats were submitted to the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis.

Impact of nanostructured additives in tooth bleaching agents on enhancing color change and reducing side effects: a scoping review.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether incorporating nanostructured additives into bleaching agents enhances efficacy and reduces side effects while identifying gaps for further investigation.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened articles based on predefined criteria, resolving discrepancies through discussion or consultation with a third reviewer.