Does drug dispensing influence patients' medication knowledge and medication adherence? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Inadequate medication knowledge and medication nonadherence by patients are considered an issue in healthcare, as they can lead to negative outcomes, such as therapeutic failures and hospitalization. Even though drug dispensing, which has pharmacist counseling as a core element, is a service traditionally performed by pharmacists, there is still no evidence about the influence of this service on these health outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of drug dispensing on patients' medication knowledge and medication adherence.

Prevalence of non-vaccine high-risk HPV cervical infections in vaccinated women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted lower genital tract infection worldwide and the main etiological factor of cervical cancer (CC). Since 2006, vaccines have been implemented to reduce CC-related morbidity and mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cervical infections by non-vaccine high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) types in women vaccinated against types 16 and 18.

Oral microbiota in head and neck cancer patients during radiotherapy: a systematic review.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) in the head and neck (HN) area causes a series of oral complications and the oral microbiota may play an important role in these complications. The aim of this systematic review was to explore alterations in the oral microbiota among individuals undergoing RT in the HN region.

Methods: A comprehensive search across six databases and grey literature was made.

First study confirming the transmission of Trypanosoma vivax in cattle through rectal palpation: how many animals can be infected by reusing the same procedure glove, and what role does iodine play as a disinfectant?

The aim of this study was to investigate whether Trypanosoma vivax is transmitted via rectal palpation in cattle, using the same glove with different blood scores, from an animal with an acute infection of this protozoan. In addition, the efficacy of iodine as disinfectant, together with water with or without the presence of feces, to prevent the transmission of T. vivax in cattle during the rectal palpation process was evaluated in the laboratory and animals.

From Farm to Community: Dispersal of Potentially Pathogenic Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus Species and Antimicrobial Resistance Across Shared Environments.

Staphylococcaceae are a diverse bacterial family with important implications for human and animal health. This study highlights the One Health relevance of their environmental dispersal, particularly, by identifying closely related or genetically identical strains circulating between farm and community environments. Environmental Staphylococcaceae strains were isolated from animal farms and interconnected areas within a university setting, both influenced by anthropogenic activities.

Low-Cost Strategies for the Development of Neurocritical Care in Resource-Limited Settings.

This review explores low-cost neurocritical care interventions for resource-limited settings, including economical devices, innovative care models, and disease-specific strategies. Devices like inexpensive ventilators, wearable technology, smartphone-based ultrasound, brain4care, transcranial Doppler, and smartphone pupillometry offer effective diagnostic and monitoring capabilities. Initiatives such as intermediate care units, minimally equipped stroke units, and tele-neurocritical care have demonstrated benefits by reducing hospital stays, preventing complications, and improving clinical and economic outcomes.

Molecular epidemiology of chicken and turkey parvovirus in Turkiye: high risk, genetic recombination signals, and first complete genome analysis.

The aim of this study was to detect chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and turkey parvovirus (TuPV) on Turkish poultry farms and examine the molecular epidemiology of these viruses. In 2023, a total of 1,060 fecal samples were collected from 76 broiler farms and 30 turkey farms across various regions of Turkiye. The overall positivity rate was 72.

Intrapericardial injection of hydrogels with ASC and their secretome to treat dilated cardiomyopathies.

Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DOX-IC) is a significant and common complication in patients undergoing chemotherapy, leading to cardiac remodeling and reduced heart function. We hypothesized that the intrapericardial injection of hydrogels derived from the cardiac decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) loaded with adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) and their secretome dampens or reverses the progression of DOX-IC. DOX-IC was induced in Wistar male rats through ten weekly intra-peritoneal injections of doxorubicin (cumulative dose: 18 mg/kg).

α-Copaene is a potent repellent against the Asian Citrus Psyllid Diaphorina citri.

The Asian Citrus Psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, severely threatens citrus production worldwide by transmitting the greening (= Huanglongbing)-causing bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. There is growing evidence that the push-pull strategy is suitable to partially mitigate HLB by repelling ACP with transgenic plants engineered to produce repellents and attracting the vector to plants with a minimal disease transmission rate. Species that pull ACP away from commercial citrus plants have been identified, and transgenic plants that repel ACP have been developed.

Exploring when to exploit: the cognitive underpinnings of foraging-type decisions in relation to psychopathy.

Impairments in reinforcement learning (RL) might underlie the tendency of individuals with elevated psychopathic traits to behave exploitatively, as they fail to learn from their mistakes. Most studies on the topic have focused on binary choices, while everyday functioning requires us to learn the value of multiple options. In this study, we evaluated the cognitive correlates of naturalistic foraging-type decision-making and their electrophysiological signatures in a community sample (n = 108) with varying degrees of psychopathic traits.

Use of a drug-related problem oriented medical record in the medication review of critically ill patients - Randomized clinical trial.

Background: The identification and reduction of drug-related problems (DRPs) through DRP-oriented medical records during the hospitalization of critically impatients can optimize health indicators, such as length of hospital stay.

Objective: To determine the effect of medical records focused on drug-related problems on the duration of stay for patients in intensive care units.

Method: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with patients assigned to intervention or the usual care groups involving clinical pharmacists.

Preclinical Toxicological Assessment of 2-(Benzoxazol-2-yl)[(2-hydroxynaphthyl)diazenyl]phenol Derivatives for Blue Light and UV Radiation Photoprotection Applications.

The widespread use of electronic devices has led to increased blue light exposure, highlighting the need for effective radiation blockers with blue light protection. Two synthetic 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole derivatives named azo-4'-benzoxazole and azo-5'-benzoxazole have shown an unprecedented blue light absorption capacity but had not been subjected to a safety evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic activities of these compounds.

Case-control study on long-term kidney outcomes in very low birth weight infants: impact of growth restriction and maternal preeclampsia.

Objective: To identify factors, particularly neonatal acute kidney injury, associated with an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) within the first 10 years of life in children with a history of prematurity and very low birth weight (VLBW).

Methods: This nested case-control study was conducted on VLBW infants (> 500 g and < 1.500 g) born between 2012 and 2022.

IN SILICO AND IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTI-Leishmania infantum ACTIVITY OF A NOVEL CYCLOHEXYL-1,2,4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVE.

Globally, an estimated 1 billion people reside in endemic areas, and over 12 million individuals are infected with leishmaniasis. Despite its prevalence, leishmaniasis continues to be a neglected disease, mainly affecting underdeveloped countries. In Brazil, the available treatments are pentavalent antimonials and Amphotericin B, which are outdated, toxic, require prolonged parenteral administration and have limited efficacy.

Investigations on the effects of in vitro exposure of mouse ovaries to withaferin A, a new candidate for chemotherapy.

This study aimed to investigate, in vitro, the toxicity of WTA on ovarian follicles. Initially, a cytotoxicity assay was conducted using tumor and non-tumor cell lines to determine the ICof the WTA and validate its antitumor activity. Mouse ovaries were cultured in vitro (IVC) for 6 days in the presence of 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), doxorubicin at 0.

Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab in microsatellite instability-high metastatic colorectal cancer (CheckMate 8HW): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial.

Background: CheckMate 8HW prespecified dual primary endpoints, assessed in patients with centrally confirmed microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient status: progression-free survival with nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared with chemotherapy as first-line therapy and progression-free survival with nivolumab plus ipilimumab compared with nivolumab alone, regardless of previous systemic treatment for metastatic disease. In our previous report, nivolumab plus ipilimumab showed superior progression-free survival versus chemotherapy in first-line microsatellite instability-high or mismatch repair-deficient metastatic colorectal cancer in the CheckMate 8HW trial. Here, we report results from the prespecified interim analysis for the other primary endpoint of progression-free survival for nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus nivolumab across all treatment lines.

Prognostic significance of cytokine dysregulation in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Background: Understanding the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 has yielded valuable insights into predicting adverse outcomes-particularly mortality. However, significant gaps persist in our comprehension of the complex interplay among the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms. Here, we aim to investigate the immunological factors associated with mortality in critically ill, unvaccinated COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Efficacy of a multicomponent nature-based intervention on well-being and environmental engagement: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Nature-based interventions (NBIs) benefit human well-being, but clinical trials comparing different NBIs in various natural environments are scarce.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent nature-based intervention (MNBI) in comparison to control group (classical forest bathing).

Primary Outcome: well-being; Secondary outcomes: vitality, happiness, connection, and engagement with nature across urban, peri-urban, and rural areas.

Factors associated with the presence of Candida spp. in the oral and tracheobronchial secretions of patients admitted to an adult intensive care unit.

to verify factors associated with the presence of Candida spp. in oral and tracheobronchial secretions of 135 patients admitted to an adult ICU, general of the Santa Casa de Caridade, of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Oral samples showed significant differences between colonized and non-colonized patients in the variables age (p < 0.

Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to examine acquisition of Escherichia coli clones during international travel.

International travel facilitates the acquisition and carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E). We describe genomes of predominant ESBL-E clones detected before and after travel among subjects departing from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2015-2021, and genomes publicly available from countries visited by travelers. WGS (Illumina NovaSeq) was performed on 70 ESBL-E isolates from 66 travelers (18 pre- and 52 post-travel).

Populism and medical advocacy: The case of hydroxychloroquine prior the 2020 United States presidential election.

Leading up to the 2020 U.S. presidential elections, the scientific consensus on hydroxychloroquine's ineffectiveness in treating COVID-19 was dismissed by Executive branch scientists, who promoted it as both a therapeutic solution and a political tool.

Assessment of potential ecological risk by metals in Ilha Grande Bay (Southeast Brazil).

This study evaluates contamination and potential ecological risk in Ilha Grande Bay (BIG) in southeastern Brazil. To achieve these objectives, we analyzed physicochemical, sediment textural, and geochemical data from 134 stations distributed throughout the bay. The results reveal significant environmental degradation in the coastal areas of Paraty, Saco do Mamanguá, Angra dos Reis City, and Abraão Cove (at Ilha Grande island).

Tracing microplastics in environmental sources and migratory shorebirds along the Central Asian Flyway.

Microplastic pollution poses a significant threat to coastal ecosystems worldwide. Despite its widespread occurrence, knowledge on the prevalence and fate of microplastics across food webs is limited. To bridge this gap, we conducted an extensive study on microplastic contamination in mudflats, mangroves, and sand beaches being key habitats for wintering shorebirds on the west coast of India.

Ascorbic acid and resveratrol improve the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix and enhance follicular survival in cultured bovine ovarian tissue.

This study aimed to investigate the changes induced by the culture system and the effect of ascorbic acid and resveratrol on collagen fibers, stromal cells, follicle growth and survival, as well as antioxidant enzyme activity in cultured bovine ovarian tissues. In experiment 1, bovine ovarian fragments were cultured in α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM) for 6 days. Before and after culturing, the fragments were fixed and processed to assess follicular morphology and diameters, stromal cell survival, collagen fibers, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).