FISPGHAN statement on the global public health impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

As rates of obesity rise worldwide, incidence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, is increasing, worsening the burden of healthcare systems. The council of the Federation of International Societies for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (FISPGHAN) identified the topic of MASLD epidemiology, treatment, and prevention as a global priority issue to be addressed by an expert team, with the goal to describe feasible and evidence-based actions that may contribute to reducing MASLD risk. The FISPGHAN member societies nominated experts in the field.

Differential roles of IL-6 and adrenomedullin in early diagnosis and mortality predictions in late-onset neonatal sepsis.

Background: Diagnosing and predicting neonatal sepsis is challenging because of its nonspecific symptoms, lack of diagnostic criteria consensus, and absence of early, sensitive, and specific diagnostic laboratory tests.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic potential of adrenomedullin (ADM), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS).

Methods: We studied 53 neonates with culture-proven LOS by sampling at admission and on antibiotic treatment days 3 and 7.

Screening for Depression and Anxiety Using a Nonverbal Working Memory Task in a Sample of Older Brazilians: Observational Study of Preliminary Artificial Intelligence Model Transferability.

Background: Anxiety and depression represent prevalent yet frequently undetected mental health concerns within the older population. The challenge of identifying these conditions presents an opportunity for artificial intelligence (AI)-driven, remotely available, tools capable of screening and monitoring mental health. A critical criterion for such tools is their cultural adaptability to ensure effectiveness across diverse populations.

Seroprevalence and factors associated with exposure to among dairy cattle smallholders in southern Rio Grande do Sul.

is a protozoan parasite that infects several species of animals (domestic and wild) and is one of the most common causes of abortion in cattle worldwide. To better understand the epidemiological chain of neosporosis, update the disease status and propose control measures to improve milk production in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the present study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of and its distribution in different municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern RS, Brazil, and determine the factors associated with exposure to in small dairy cattle producers in this region. Cattle from 51 dairy farms located in nine municipalities in the southern region of RS were included in this study.

Ecological interactions, host plant defenses, and control strategies in managing soybean looper, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Soybean looper (SBL), (Walker 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most damaging insect pests of soybean, (L.) Merr., in the mid-south region of the United States, and causes significant economic losses to cotton, sunflower, tomato, and tobacco crops in the United States, Brazil, and Argentina.

Cryopreservation of ovarian cortex as fertility preservation in transgender men: A case report and literature review.

Transgender people have been experiencing significant advancements in their social visibility, although they continue to face frequent discrimination and exclusion. Among the issues encompassing transgender individuals' health care, the right to reproductive and sexual health have gained traction in the study landscape, necessitating an exploration of fertility preservation options for these patients. This report sheds light on the process of cryopreserving gametes and ovarian tissue after total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for gender reassignment in a transgender man in hormonal masculinization.

Estimation of Genetic Parameters and GWAS on Water Efficiency Traits in the Senepol Cattle.

The need for producing in environmentally resilient system drives new research to achieve sustainable beef production. Water footprint of the beef supply chain is a concern that must be addressed, aiming to improve water use within the production chain. One approach is genetic selection of beef cattle for water efficiency.

"The mystery of the Cell Kingdom": An online game to improve the learning of thyroid physiology.

Games and analogies can significantly enrich the learning experience when integrated with traditional expository teaching methods. With this aim, we developed The Mystery of the Cell Kingdom, an online game designed to enhance understanding of the physiology of thyroid hormones through a medieval analogy. In the game, students are challenged to apply their knowledge of endocrine physiology to solve a series of relevant questions on the topic.

Polymer-Based Toothpastes and Their Ability in Control Tooth Extrinsic Stain.

Objectives: To synthesize experimental toothpastes (ETs) containing four different polymers (sodium linear polyphosphate [LPP]; chitosan [CHI]; sodium hexametaphosphate [HMP]; and sodium pyrophosphate [PP]) and test their ability in preventing and removing tooth extrinsic stain.

Methods: The tooth specimens were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 10): control (artificial saliva), regular toothpaste (RT-no whitening claim), ET 5% LPP, ET 0.5% CHI, ET 5% HMP, and ET 5% PP.

Genetic instability of a single exposure to sevoflurane at different concentrations in monitored mice.

Sevoflurane is an inhalation anesthetic widely used for general anesthesia, but its genotoxic potential is controversial in clinical studies. It is unknown whether the effects are due to surgery or the anesthetic. Thus, for the first time, the present study investigated genotoxicity in peripheral blood cells and in target organs (liver, lung, and kidney) and micronucleus (MN) in the bone marrow of a single exposure to sevoflurane at three different concentrations in monitored mice.

A Multilayer Network Model for Motor Competence from the View of the Science of Complexity.

Motor competence is related to a large number of correlates of different natures, forming together a system with flexible parts that are synergically and cooperatively connected to produce a wide range of motor outcomes that cannot be explained from a predetermined linear view or a unique mechanism. The diversity of interacting correlates, the various connections between them, and the fast changes between assessments at different time points are clear barriers to the study of motor competence. In this manuscript, we present a multilayer framework that accounts for the theoretical background and the potential mathematical procedures necessary to represent the non-linear, complex, and dynamic relationships between several underlying correlates that emerge as a motor competence network.

Biocultural Aspects of Mental Distress: Expanding the Biomedical Model Towards an Integrative Biopsychosocial Understanding of Disorder.

To produce a theoretical approach about the relations between neuroscience and psychopathology that expands beyond the biomedical model to include a non-reductionist, enactive, and biocultural perspective. An integrative review, drawing from the biocultural approach from Anthropology, is used to produce examples from epigenetics, neuroplasticity, and functional neuroanatomy. A biocultural approach points to a brain that is highly plastic, reinforcing a much more complex model in which biological vulnerabilities and the historical-cultural environment co-construct each other.

Effect of case detection strategies on the prognosis of tuberculosis patients in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2010-19: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Despite existing recommendations, there is still a scarcity of evidence on the impact of active case finding strategies versus passive case finding strategies, especially with regard to the mortality of tuberculosis patients. Therefore, our aim was to estimate the effect of case detection strategies on the prognosis of tuberculosis patients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 160,384 new cases of tuberculosis patients diagnosed between 1 January 2010 and 31 August 2019 in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Effect of hay type and breed on the fattening, centesimal and fatty acid composition of Nigerian sheep.

This study aimed to evaluate the intake, performance, quality, and fatty acids (FA) composition of the meat of three Nigerian sheep breeds (Balami, Uda, and Yankasa) fed two different hays, Brachiaria decumbens or Digitaria smutsii. A total of sixty sheep, twenty from each breed, Balami, Uda, and Yankasa, were used, with average body weights of 24.7 ± 3.

Effects of static stretching and specific warm-up on the repetition performance in upper- and lower-limb exercises in resistance-trained older women.

Introduction: Preparation methods are often used to improve performance (e.g., number of repetitions) within the resistance training session.

Love as a Commitment Device : Evidence from a Cross-Cultural Study across 90 Countries.

Given the ubiquitous nature of love, numerous theories have been proposed to explain its existence. One such theory refers to love as a commitment device, suggesting that romantic love evolved to foster commitment between partners and enhance their reproductive success. In the present study, we investigated this hypothesis using a large-scale sample of 86,310 individual responses collected across 90 countries.

The mitochondrial and cytoplasmic superoxide anion imbalance trigger the expression of certain cellular aging markers in HaCaT keratinocytes.

In cells, the term "cellular aging" represents a collection of biological changes that can precede the proliferative senescence states. Cells more resistant to proliferative senescence, such as the ones found in the basal layer of the epidermis, may also exhibit these aging patterns. Therefore, cellular aging events could be induced by endogenous signals named here as cellular aging triggers (CATs) components.

Embolization of Rectal Arteries for Treating Hemorrhoidal Disease Using a Combination of Microspheres and Microcoils: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and initial results of superior (SRA) and middle (MRA) rectal artery embolization for patients with symptomatic hemorrhoidal disease.

Materials And Methods: Prospective, single-center cohort that included ten consecutive patients (Goligher classification was II in 70% and III in 30%.) who underwent SRA and MRA embolization using a combination of microspheres and metallic coils, who completed a follow-up period of 12 months.

Thermodynamic Description of Oxotransfer Processes Involving Molybdenum and Tungsten Enzyme Models: DFT Calculations and Calorimetry.

The enthalpy of the oxotransfer reaction of [BuN][WO(mnt)] (where mnt is maleonitriledithiolate) with PPh in an inert atmosphere in an acetonitrile solution was determined by calorimetry. The obtained enthalpy value (-93 ± 5) kJ mol differs from the enthalpy value of the reaction carried out by us earlier under aerobic conditions by (16 ± 9) kJ mol. The obtained results indicate the participation of atmospheric oxygen in the catalytic process.

Application of Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) for Staphylococcus Epidermidis Typing as a Tool for Contamination Control Strategy in a Pharmaceutical Industry Facility.

The typing of micro-organisms in pharmaceutical factories often relies on expensive and time-consuming molecular techniques. So, the implementation of cheap, fast and reliable typing methods in the routine would speed up the investigation procedures improving the contamination control strategy. The Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy is a method that generates spectra, that enables to micro-organisms typing within 3 h.

Neonatal death prediction scores: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational accuracy studies, the main existing neonatal death prediction scores.

Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational accuracy studies. The databases accessed were MEDLINE, ELSEVIER, LILACS, SciELO, OpenGrey, Open Access Thesis and Dissertations, EMBASE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Cochrane Library.

Exploring the effects of climate change on child malnutrition: protocol for a scoping review.

Introduction: Rapid climate changes in the early 21st century have triggered a global syndemic intertwining obesity, undernutrition and climate change, profoundly affecting health, especially children. Despite increasing research, a significant gap persists in understanding the mechanisms linking climate change to child malnutrition, particularly in children under 5 years old. This protocol proposes a scoping review to address this gap, with the aim of mapping the available evidence on the relationship between climate change and malnutrition among children under 5 years old.

Impact of acute schistosomiasis mansoni and concurrent type 1 diabetes on pancreatic architecture in mice.

It is not well understood how type 1 diabetes (T1D) and concomitant acute schistosomiasis mansoni affect pancreatic architecture. Male Swiss mice were administered streptozotocin (single 100 mg/kg i.p.

Tau, amyloid, iron, oligodendrocytes ferroptosis, and inflammaging in the hippocampal formation of aged rats submitted to an aerobic exercise program.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting memory, language, and thinking with no curative treatment. Symptoms appear gradually, and pathological brain changes may occur twenty years before the physical and psychological signs, pointing to the urgent development of preventive interventions. Physical activity has been investigated as a preventive tool to defeat the main biological features of AD: pathological amyloid protein plaques, tau tangles, myelin degeneration, and iron deposits in the brain.

Exploring the Potential of Nitrofurantoin for Infection Control in Regenerative Endodontics: in vitro study.

Introduction: This study assessed a new antimicrobial paste formulation containing nitrofurantoin for regenerative endodontics against multispecies biofilms.

Methods: Four groups of 11 single-root teeth each were tested: Negative control group (BHI + microorganisms); Hoshino 1 conventional tri-antibiotic paste group (1:1:1 ratio); Hoshino 5 group (5:5:5 ratio); Experimental group with nitrofurantoin, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of each antimicrobial were determined.