Neighborhood Child Opportunity and Emergency Department Utilization.

Unlabelled: The Child Opportunity Index measures the structural neighborhood context that may influence a child's healthy development. We examined relationships between the Child Opportunity Index and emergency department utilization.

Background And Objectives: The Child Opportunity Index (COI) is a multidimensional measure of structural neighborhood context that may influence a child's healthy development.

Where Are the Questions About Firearms?: An Analysis of US Federal Public Health Survey Data Infrastructure.

Objective: To evaluate existing federal survey data infrastructure pertaining to firearms and firearm-related violence.

Background: Firearm-related violence results in >40,000 deaths in the United States each year. Limited federal investments over the past 25 years have restricted a systematic approach to federal data collection related to firearms.

Emergency Removal of Supervision Requirements for Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioners: A Mixed-Methods Survey.

Objective: Physician supervision of nurse practitioners (NPs) was temporarily waived in Massachusetts in response to a state of emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors examined the impact of the scope-of-practice changes and pandemic-related demands on psychiatric mental health NPs (PMHNPs) during the state's first COVID-19 surge.

Methods: A mixed-methods Web-based survey was conducted in May and June of 2020.

Characterization of Cannabis Products Purchased for Medical Use in New York State.

This cross-sectional study examines the purchase of medical cannabis products made in New York State from dispensaries operated by a single integrated manufacturer and licensed retail company within the state.

Activity-based costing for HIV, primary care and nutrition services in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic literature review and synthesis.

Background: This study is a systematic literature review of HIV, nutrition, and primary care activity-based costing (ABC) studies conducted in low- and middle-income countries. ABC studies are critical for understanding the quantities and unit costs of the activities and resources for specific cost functions. The results of ABC studies enable governments, funders, and policymakers to utilize costing results to make efficient, cost-effective decisions on how to allocate scarce resources.

Cost of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in US Infants: Systematic Literature Review and Analysis.

Background: Limited data are available on the economic costs of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among infants and young children in the United States.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature review of 10 key databases to identify studies published between 1 January 2014 and 2 August 2021 that reported RSV-related costs in US children aged 0-59 months. Costs were extracted and a systematic analysis was performed.

Impact of Respiratory Syncytial Virus on Child, Caregiver, and Family Quality of Life in the United States: Systematic Literature Review and Analysis.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in US children, reduces quality of life (QOL) of children, their caregivers, and families.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review in PubMed, EconLit, and other databases in the United States of articles published since 2000, derived utility lost per RSV episode from cohort studies, and performed a systematic analysis.

Results: From 2262 unique citations, 35 received full-text review and 7 met the inclusion criteria (2 cohort studies, 4 modeling studies, and 1 synthesis).

Peer Support at the Intersection of Disability and Opioid (Mis)Use: Key Stakeholders Provide Essential Considerations.

Individuals with disabilities may experience higher rates of opioid/substance use disorders (OUD/SUD) than other individuals and are likely vulnerable to unmet treatment needs. Peer support may be beneficial to these individuals, given the evidence of benefits in target populations with similar needs and the potential for overcoming barriers to treatment suggested in the available literature. The objective of this exploratory study was to specify essential considerations in adapting peer support for this population.

Economic Evaluation Design within the HEAL Prevention Cooperative.

The rapid rise in opioid misuse, disorder, and opioid-involved deaths among older adolescents and young adults is an urgent public health problem. Prevention is a vital part of the nation's response to the opioid crisis, yet preventive interventions for those at risk for opioid misuse and opioid use disorder are scarce. In 2019, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) launched the Preventing Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adolescents and Young Adults cooperative as part of its broader Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) Initiative ( https://heal.

Major Depressive Disorder in Iran: Epidemiology, Health Care Provision, Utilization, and Challenges.

One in eight adults in Iran is estimated to have major depressive disorder (MDD) - a leading cause of disability in the country. Many remain undiagnosed, and some receive only partial treatment. An estimated 60% of those with MDD were reported to have received no treatment during the past year.

Barriers to Accessing Video-Based Telehealth Appointments at a Community Veterinary Clinic During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To assess veterinary needs of clients with low socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic, to explore the impact of the pandemic on marginalized communities, and to understand perceptions regarding barriers and incentives of telehealth appointments as a method to increase care access.

Sample: 205 active Community Veterinary Medicine Clinic clients at Tufts at Tech Community Veterinary Clinic in Worcester, MA.

Procedures: This cross-sectional study used a survey-based method to assess veterinary needs of clients with low socioeconomic status during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Emergency department interventions for opioid use disorder: A synthesis of emerging models.

Introduction: Opioid overdose deaths are increasing, and improving access to evidence-based treatment is necessary. Emergency department (ED) initiation of treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD) via medications and referral to treatment is one approach that leverages a critical health care entry point for individuals with OUD. Efforts to engage patients in treatment through the ED are growing, but systematic analysis of program features as implemented and challenges across different models remains limited.

Risk and protective factors in relation to early mortality among people with serious mental illness: Perspectives of peer support specialists and service users.

Objective: Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) experience a 10-25-year reduced life expectancy when compared to the general population that is due, in part, to poor health behaviors. Yet, in spite of the development of health promotion and self-management interventions designed for people with SMI to promote health behavior change, the mortality gap has increased, suggesting that relevant factors are not being addressed. The objective of the present study was to explore potential contributors to early mortality among individuals with SMI by drawing from the lived experience of certified peer support specialists and service users (SUs).

Virtual Community Engagement Studio (V-CES): Engaging Mothers With Mental Health and Substance Use Conditions in Research.

Active engagement of community stakeholders is increasingly encouraged in behavioral health research, often described as a co-production approach. Community stakeholders (e.g.

Machine Learning Methods in Health Economics and Outcomes Research-The PALISADE Checklist: A Good Practices Report of an ISPOR Task Force.

Advances in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence offer tremendous potential benefits to patients. Predictive analytics using ML are already widely used in healthcare operations and care delivery, but how can ML be used for health economics and outcomes research (HEOR)? To answer this question, ISPOR established an emerging good practices task force for the application of ML in HEOR. The task force identified 5 methodological areas where ML could enhance HEOR: (1) cohort selection, identifying samples with greater specificity with respect to inclusion criteria; (2) identification of independent predictors and covariates of health outcomes; (3) predictive analytics of health outcomes, including those that are high cost or life threatening; (4) causal inference through methods, such as targeted maximum likelihood estimation or double-debiased estimation-helping to produce reliable evidence more quickly; and (5) application of ML to the development of economic models to reduce structural, parameter, and sampling uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analysis.

Impact of a Virtual Professional Development Coaching Program on the Professional Fulfillment and Well-Being of Women Surgery Residents: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Evaluate the effect of a virtual coaching program offered to women surgery residents in a surgical society.

Background: Randomized controlled experiments evaluating the effect of coaching on trainee well-being and burnout is lacking.

Methods: Women surgery residents in the Association of Women Surgeons were recruited to participate in a randomized controlled trial of the effects of a virtual coaching program on trainee well-being.

Pregnancy recommendations from women with intellectual and developmental disabilities to their peers.

Background: As recent as the mid-twentieth century, eugenics practices on women with intellectual and developmental disabilities were commonplace. Deinstitutionalization has led to an increasing proportion of women with intellectual and developmental disabilities living in the community and becoming pregnant. Previous research has reported barriers to maternal health care (i.

Assessing the prevalence of young children living in households prepared for COVID-19 in 56 low- and middle-income countries.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and governments' attempts to contain it are negatively affecting young children's health and development in ways we are only beginning to understand and measure. Responses to the pandemic are driven largely by confining children and families to their homes. This study aims to assess the levels of and associated socioeconomic disparities in household preparedness for protecting young children under the age of five from being exposed to communicable diseases, such as COVID-19, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Forecasting the incidence of dengue in Bangladesh-Application of time series model.

Background: Dengue is an alarming public health concern in terms of its preventive and curative measures among people in Bangladesh; moreover, its sudden outbreak created a lot of suffering among people in 2018. Considering the greater burden of disease in larger epidemic years and the difficulty in understanding current and future needs, it is highly needed to address early warning systems to control epidemics from the earliest.

Objective: The study objective was to select the most appropriate model for dengue incidence and using the selected model, the authors forecast the future dengue outbreak in Bangladesh.