Zap-X Radiosurgery System: Initial Clinical Experience in a Recurrent Gamma Knife Case Series.

Introduction: The ZAP-X® Gyroscopic Radiosurgery System (ZAP Surgical Systems, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA) is expected to be a highly accurate next-generation treatment system that enables gyro-stereotactic irradiation of intracranial lesions. In this study, we report the initial treatment course using ZAP-X for intracranial lesions that recurred after Gamma Knife (GK) treatment.

Development of a model to predict electroencephalographic seizures in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia.

Objective: Electroencephalographic seizures (ES) are common in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), but identification with continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring (CEEG) is resource-intensive. We aimed to develop an ES prediction model.

Methods: Using a prospective observational study of 260 neonates with HIE undergoing CEEG, we identified clinical and EEG risk factors for ES, evaluated model performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and calculated test characteristics emphasizing high sensitivity.

Management of complex vertebral artery anatomy in craniocervical surgery: A case report.

Background: The surgery on the craniocervical junction is associated with complex techniques that endanger the vertebral artery (VA), especially if there are some anatomical variations present, thereby increasing the risk of vascular injury, particularly during cervical decompression or instrumentation.

Case Description: A case of a 60-year-old female with progressive myelopathy and craniocervical junction malformation is presented. Key preoperative imaging findings included basilar invagination, C1 assimilation, and os odontoideum, along with VA anomalies such as a tortuous, hypoplastic left VA arising anomalously from the aortic arch and a right VA with a V2 segment forming a high-riding medial loop into the C2 vertebral body.

A case report of an individual with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease characterized by prolonged isolated thalamic lesions and rare MM2-cortical-type pathology.

Background: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is essential for diagnosing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Thalamic lesions are rarely detected by DWI in sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases with methionine homozygosity at polymorphic codon 129 (129MM) of the prion protein (PrP) gene. Here, we describe an unusual sCJD case, characterized by prolonged isolated thalamic diffusion hyperintensities and atypical brain pathology, in combination with the 129MM genotype.

Effectiveness of Pharmacotherapy in Reducing the Inflammation Process of Spinal Cord Injuries: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies.

Currently, there is no gold standard technique in SCI therapy. Although there have been many systematic reviews on the pharmacological treatment of inflammation in SCI, there has been no published discussion regarding the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy when viewed from a neuroinflammatory pathway. This research aimed to examine an effective and reliable medication for decreasing inflammation in SCI and, where possible, identify effective pharmacotherapeutic treatment protocols.

Risk Factors for Postoperative Shoulder Imbalance in Patients with Lenke Type 1 and 2 Scoliosis Treated using the Vertebral Coplanar Alignment Technique.

Study Design: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

Objective: We investigated the incidence of postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) and its risk factors in patients with Lenke types 1 and 2 scoliosis corrected using vertebral coplanar alignment (VCA).

Summary Of Background Data: PSI in scoliosis affects patient quality of life.

Complication avoidance, rehabilitation, pain therapy and palliative care for patients with metastatic spine tumors: WFNS spine committee recommendations.

Objective: This review aims to formulate the most current, evidence-based recommendations regarding complication avoidance, rehabilitation, pain therapy and palliative care for patients with metastatic spine tumors.

Methods: A systematic literature search in PubMed and MEDLINE, and was performed from 2013 to 2023 using the search terms "complications" + "spine metastases", "spine metastases" + + "rehabilitation", "spine metastases" + "pain therapy" + "palliative care". Screening criteria resulted in 35, 15 and 56 studies respectively that were analyzed.

A Novel Mouse Model for Cerebral Inflammatory Demyelination in X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: Insights into Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets.

Objective: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is caused by mutations in ABCD1, a peroxisomal gene. More than half of males with an ABCD1 mutation develop inflammatory cerebral demyelination (cALD), but underlying mechanisms remain unknown and therapies are limited. We sought to develop and characterize a mouse model of cALD to facilitate study of disease mechanisms and therapy development.

Pediatric Epilepsy Genetic Testing Results and Long-term Seizure Freedom.

To determine whether there is a correlation of genetic diagnosis/result with long-term seizure freedom in pediatric epilepsy patients. This was a prospective and retrospective cohort study of children with epilepsy referred for genetic testing at a single center. The primary outcomes were presence and type of genetic diagnosis (pathogenic, benign, or variant of uncertain significance) and patient epilepsy status (seizure free, treatment failure, uncertain).

The Use of Augmented Reality as an Educational Tool in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Background And Objectives: One of the major challenges in training neurosurgical and orthopedic residents the technique for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) is the lack of visualization of surgical landmarks (pedicle, pars, lamina). This is due to the limited access to the bony spine through a tubular retractor, in addition to a smaller working corridor or patient-specific factors such as bony overgrowth, disk space collapse, and listhesis. These factors increase the possibility for surgical error and prolonged surgery time.

Effects of monaural sound stimulation on subjective visual vertical.

Background: Sound stimulation can influence electrophysiological vestibular reflexes. However, the effects of sound stimulation on space perception remain unknown.

Objective: To know the effects of monaural sound stimulation on subjective visual vertical (SVV).

Effects of Motor Learning on Corticospinal Tract Excitability During Motor Imagery.

We aimed to examine the effects of motor performance improvements produced by practice on corticospinal tract excitability during motor imagery (MI) of identical movements. Participants performed a motor task with no guidelines displayed on the monitor (performance test); the participants only imagined performing the task without performing the movement (MI test), and the participants performed the power output and then adjusted it (exercise). The output force conditions were 20, 40, and 60% of the maximum voluntary contraction, and the objective was for 21 participants to learn each output force condition.

Growth rate of a giant Tarlov (perineural) cyst with intrapelvic extension.

Background And Importance: Giant Tarlov cysts (GTCs) are perineural cysts and their presacral intrapelvic extension are extremely rare entities. We present a case of GTC with intrapelvic extension who has preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) follow-ups of 12 years, and we demonstrate the annual growth rate and the time-size correlation of a GTC.

Methods: Case report.

Factors Affecting the Outcome of Spine Metastases: A Single-Center Evaluation in Surgically Treated Patients.

Background: The estimation of survival is extremely important for metastatic disease in the spine. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the outcome of patients with spinal metastasis, primarily the character of neurologic deficit and the histopathology of the tumor.

Method: A retrospective examination was made of 158 patients with spinal metastasis who were followed up in our clinic between 2010 and 2020 and underwent surgical intervention.

Retraction notice to "Decency in neurosurgery" [Brain Spine 4 (2024), 102744].

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.

ChatGPT: A Conceptual Review of Applications and Utility in the Field of Medicine.

Artificial Intelligence, specifically advanced language models such as ChatGPT, have the potential to revolutionize various aspects of healthcare, medical education, and research. In this narrative review, we evaluate the myriad applications of ChatGPT in diverse healthcare domains. We discuss its potential role in clinical decision-making, exploring how it can assist physicians by providing rapid, data-driven insights for diagnosis and treatment.

Expertise in surgical neuro-oncology. Results of a survey by the EANS neuro-oncology section.

Introduction: Technical advances and the increasing role of interdisciplinary decision-making may warrant formal definitions of expertise in surgical neuro-oncology.

Research Question: The EANS Neuro-oncology Section felt that a survey detailing the European neurosurgical perspective on the concept of expertise in surgical neuro-oncology might be helpful.

Material And Methods: The EANS Neuro-oncology Section panel developed an online survey asking questions regarding criteria for expertise in neuro-oncological surgery and sent it to all individual EANS members.

Differences and Advantages of Particles versus Liquid Material for Preoperative Intracranial Tumor Embolization: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Objectives: The superiority and usefulness of liquid material over particles for embolization have been a topic of debate due to differences in materials and techniques. This study aimed to identify the complications and outcomes associated with both embolization materials.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter cohort study included 93 patients from an endovascular treatment registry, treated from January 1, 2018 to May 31, 2022.

Coaxial Method of PTA Balloon and Aspiration catheter using the delivery wire of a stent retriever for tandem occlusion: CoMBAt tandem occlusion.

Purpose: Tandem occlusion, in which the intracranial artery is obstructed along with proximal carotid occlusive or stenotic lesions, occurs in 10-15% of patients with large vessel occlusion. Our study introduces a novel technique for tandem occlusion treatment that involves the simultaneous coaxial deployment of a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon and aspiration catheters with the delivery wire of a stent retriever. After percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the carotid lesion with a thin balloon catheter, the aspiration catheter was advanced over the balloon to eliminate the ledge between the catheter tip and delivery wire.