Pain anxiety and rehabilitation outcomes after acquired brain injury.

: The purpose of this study was to examine pain anxiety after acquired brain injury (ABI) and its relationship to rehabilitation outcomes.: Participants consisted of 89 adults with an ABI participating in outpatient rehabilitation therapy. They completed a battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline along with surveys of mood, health-related self-efficacy, and pain anxiety.

Sex Differences in Behavioral Sensitivities After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high rates of post-injury psychiatric and neurological comorbidities. TBI is more common in males than females despite females reporting more symptoms and longer recovery following TBI and concussion. Both pain and mental health conditions like anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more common in women in the general population, however the dimorphic comorbidity in the TBI population is not well-understood.

Speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography of cerebral blood flow in perinatal disease model of neonatal piglets.

We adapted and tested an innovative noncontact speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (scDCT) system for 3D imaging of cerebral blood flow (CBF) variations in perinatal disease models utilizing neonatal piglets, which closely resemble human neonates. CBF variations were concurrently measured by the scDCT and an established diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) during global ischemia, intraventricular hemorrhage, and asphyxia; significant correlations were observed. Moreover, CBF variations associated reasonably with vital pathophysiological changes.

Links between thrombosis and inflammation in traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a major healthcare problem and there is much to be explored regarding the secondary pathobiology to identify early predictive markers and new therapeutic targets. While documented changes in thrombosis and inflammation in major trauma have been well described, growing evidence suggests that isolated TBI also results in systemic alterations in these mechanisms. Here, we review recent experimental and clinical findings that demonstrate how blood-brain barrier dysfunction, systemic immune response, inflammation, platelet activation, and thrombosis contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of TBI.

Variation under domestication in animal models: the case of the Mexican axolotl.

Background: Species adaptation to laboratory conditions is a special case of domestication that has modified model organisms phenotypically and genetically. The characterisation of these changes is crucial to understand how this variation can affect the outcome of biological experiments. Yet despite the wide use of laboratory animals in biological research, knowledge of the genetic diversity within and between different strains and populations of some animal models is still scarce.

Evaluating Negative Attributions in Persons With Brain Injury: A Comparison of 2 Measures.

Objectives: To compare construct and predictive validity, readability, and time-to-administer of 2 negative attribution measures in participants with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Two TBI rehabilitation hospitals.

Participants: Eighty-five adults with complicated mild to severe TBI.

Corrigendum: Considerations for Studying Sex as a Biological Variable in Spinal Cord Injury.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.

Association Between Previous Concussion Education and Concussion Care-Seeking Outcomes among NCAA Division I Student-Athletes.

Context: There are limited data concerning differences in concussion education exposure and how education exposures relates to care-seeking and symptom disclosure, specifically in Division I student-athletes.

Objective: Investigate demographic characteristics associated with concussion education exposure and examine whether overall education exposure (yes vs. no) and education source exposure number (multiple sources vs.

Do Head Injury Biomechanics Predict Concussion Clinical Recovery in College American Football Players?

Identifying the associations between head impact biomechanics and clinical recovery may inform better head impact monitoring procedures and identify athletes who may benefit from early treatments aimed to enhance recovery. The purpose of this study was to test whether head injury biomechanics are associated with clinical recovery of symptom severity, balance, and mental status, as well as symptom resolution time (SRT) and return-to-participation (RTP) time. We studied 45 college American football players (n = 51 concussions) who sustained an incident concussion while participating in a multi-site study.

: a qualitative study on the perceptions of recovery following traumatic brain injury among Spanish-speaking U.S. immigrants.

Purpose: To explore the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the quality of life (QoL) and self-concept of Spanish-speaking U.S. Hispanic immigrants with TBI.

Repetitive Head Impact Exposure and Cerebrovascular Function in Adolescent Athletes.

The purpose of this study was to determine how subconcussive head impact exposure in high school collision sport student-athletes influenced cerebrovascular function. Transcranial Doppler was used to assess pre- to post-season changes in: (1) resting middle (MCA) and posterior cerebral arteries (PCA), (2) cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) via breath-holding index (BHI), vasomotor reactivity response (VMRr) and overall MCA response curve, and (3) neurovascular coupling (NVC) via NVC response magnitude and overall PCA response curve. Fifty-three high school-aged athletes (age = 15.

Multi-Tissue Multi-Omics Nutrigenomics Indicates Context-Specific Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Rat Brain.

Scope: The influence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiometabolic and cognitive phenotypes, and multi-omic alterations in the brain under two metabolic conditions is explored to understand context-specific nutritional effects.

Methods And Results: Rats are randomly assigned to a DHA-rich or a control chow diet while drinking water or high fructose solution, followed by profiling of metabolic and cognitive phenotypes and the transcriptome and DNA methylome of the hypothalamus and hippocampus. DHA reduces serum triglyceride and improves insulin resistance and memory exclusively in the fructose-consuming rats.

Erratum: High-voltage, diffuse delta rhythms coincide with wakeful consciousness and complexity in Angelman syndrome.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/nc/niaa005.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.

Liposomal delivery of azithromycin enhances its immunotherapeutic efficacy and reduces toxicity in myocardial infarction.

A growing body of evidence shows that altering the inflammatory response by alternative macrophage polarization is protective against complications related to acute myocardial infarction (MI). We have previously shown that oral azithromycin (AZM), initiated prior to MI, reduces inflammation and its negative sequelae on the myocardium. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory role of a liposomal AZM formulation (L-AZM) in a clinically relevant model to enhance its therapeutic potency and avoid off-target effects.

Large-scale variation in single nucleotide polymorphism density within the laboratory axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum).

Background: Recent efforts to assemble and analyze the Ambystoma mexicanum genome have dramatically improved the potential to develop molecular tools and pursue genome-wide analyses of genetic variation.

Results: To better resolve the distribution and origins of genetic variation with A mexicanum, we compared DNA sequence data for two laboratory A mexicanum and one A tigrinum to identify 702 million high confidence polymorphisms distributed across the 32 Gb genome. While the wild-caught A tigrinum was generally more polymorphic in a genome-wide sense, several multi-megabase regions were identified from A mexicanum genomes that were actually more polymorphic than A tigrinum.

Temporal changes in inflammatory mitochondria-enriched microRNAs following traumatic brain injury and effects of miR-146a nanoparticle delivery.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and contribute to all aspects of cellular function. We previously reported that the activities of several mitochondria-enriched miRNAs regulating inflammation (i.e.

EEG Power spectra and subcortical pathology in chronic disorders of consciousness.

Background: Despite a growing understanding of disorders of consciousness following severe brain injury, the association between long-term impairment of consciousness, spontaneous brain oscillations, and underlying subcortical damage, and the ability of such information to aid patient diagnosis, remains incomplete.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational sample of 116 patients with a disorder of consciousness secondary to brain injury, collected prospectively at a tertiary center between 2011 and 2013. Multimodal analyses relating clinical measures of impairment, electroencephalographic measures of spontaneous brain activity, and magnetic resonance imaging data of subcortical atrophy were conducted in 2018.

Neurovascular Coupling in Special Operations Forces Combat Soldiers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how concussion history affects neurovascular coupling in Special Operations Forces (SOF) combat Soldiers. We studied 100 SOF combat Soldiers [age = 33.5 ± 4.

Microglial-associated responses to comorbid amyloid pathology and hyperhomocysteinemia in an aged knock-in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Elevated blood homocysteine levels, termed hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), is a prevalent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in elderly populations. While dietary supplementation of B-vitamins is a generally effective method to lower homocysteine levels, there is little if any benefit to cognition. In the context of amyloid pathology, dietary-induced HHcy is known to enhance amyloid deposition and certain inflammatory responses.

Head Impact Telemetry System's Video-based Impact Detection and Location Accuracy.

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System's impact detection and location measurement accuracy using an impact biomechanics data set paired with video of high school football special teams plays.

Methods: The head impact biomechanics data set and video were collected from 22 high school football players, wearing HIT System instrumented helmets, competing in 218 special teams plays over a single high school football season. We used two separate video analysis approaches.

Factors associated with concussion-symptom knowledge and attitudes toward concussion care seeking in a national survey of parents of middle-school children in the US.

Background: Developing appropriate concussion prevention and management paradigms in middle school (MS) settings requires understanding parents' general levels of concussion-related knowledge and attitudes. This study examined factors associated with concussion-symptom knowledge and care-seeking attitudes among parents of MS children (aged 10-15 years).

Methods: A panel of 1224 randomly selected U.

TRIM32 regulates mitochondrial mediated ROS levels and sensitizes the oxidative stress induced cell death.

Emerging evidence suggests that ubiquitin mediated post translational modification is a critical regulatory process involved in diverse cellular pathways including cell death. During ubiquitination, E3 ligases recognize target proteins and determine the topology of ubiquitin chains. Recruitment of E3 ligases to targets proteins under stress conditions including oxidative stress and their implication in cell death have not been systemically explored.

The subcortical basis of outcome and cognitive impairment in TBI: A longitudinal cohort study.

Objective: To understand how, biologically, the acute event of traumatic brain injury gives rise to a long-term disease, we address the relationship between evolving cortical and subcortical brain damage and measures of functional outcome and cognitive functioning at 6 months after injury.

Methods: For this longitudinal analysis, clinical and MRI data were collected in a tertiary neurointensive care setting in a continuous sample of 157 patients surviving moderate to severe traumatic brain injury between 2000 and 2018. For each patient, we collected T1- and T2-weighted MRI data acutely and at the 6-month follow-up, as well as acute measures of injury severity (Glasgow Coma Scale), follow-up measures of functional impairment (Glasgow Outcome Scale-extended), and, in a subset of patients, neuropsychological measures of attention, executive functions, and episodic memory.