1,060 results match your criteria: "Brain Injury Research Center.[Affiliation]"

Aims: The heterotetrameric assembly protein complex 2 (AP-2) is a central hub for clathrin-dependent endocytosis. The AP-2 α-adaptin subunit has two major isoforms, encoded by two separate genes: AP2A1 and AP2A2. Endocytosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disease, and recent studies linked α-adaptins (gene variants, splicing defects and altered expression) with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) risk.

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Article Synopsis
  • Sex is important in understanding traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially regarding how biological differences between genders influence neuroinflammatory responses.
  • The study found sex-specific changes in inflammatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in brain and bone marrow cells of mice after TBI, particularly showing that levels of miR-223-3p were significantly increased in females compared to males after injury.
  • The research suggests that these miRNAs, especially miR-223-3p, could be crucial in understanding the different ways males and females respond to neuroinflammation after TBI.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex disease to study due to the multifactorial injury cascades occurring after the initial blow to the head. One of the most vital players in this secondary injury cascade, and therapeutic target of interest, is the mitochondrion. Mitochondria are important for the generation of cellular energy, regulation of cell death, and modulation of intracellular calcium which leaves these "powerhouses" especially susceptible to damage and dysfunction following traumatic brain injury.

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Objective: To report pre-season baseline concussion assessment performance among senior rugby players and explore associations between assessment performance and player demographics.

Design: A cross-sectional study using the New Zealand Rugby Concussion Assessments (NZRCA), comprising symptom, cognitive and dynamic coordination assessments was conducted in the 2018-2019 season.

Methods: Players' baseline assessments were characterised using descriptive statistics; effect sizes (ES) and t-tests were used to explore associations between player demographic characteristics and NZRCA performance.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often experienced under stressful circumstances that can lead to symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and neurobehavioral symptoms of brain injury. There is considerable symptom overlap in the behavioral expression of these conditions. Psychometric network analysis is a useful approach to investigate the role of specific symptoms in connecting these two disorders and is well suited to explore their interrelatedness.

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In most tetrapod vertebrates, limb skeletal progenitors condense with postaxial dominance. Posterior elements (such as ulna and fibula) appear prior to their anterior counterparts (radius and tibia), followed by digit-appearance order with continuing postaxial polarity. The only exceptions are urodele amphibians (salamanders), whose limb elements develop with preaxial polarity and who are also notable for their unique ability to regenerate complete limbs as adults.

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Depression in Older Adults 12 Months After Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study.

Arch Phys Med Rehabil

January 2022

Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA.

Objective: To investigate depression at 12 months after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in older adults compared with younger adults.

Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study of persons with medically documented mild, moderate, and severe TBI at 12 months postinjury.

Setting: Eighteen participating Level 1 trauma centers in the United States.

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Factors and expectations influencing concussion disclosure within NCAA Division I athletes: A mixed methodological approach.

J Sport Health Sci

May 2023

Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Participation in sports is associated with many benefits to all aspects of health; however, it also comes with the risk of injury, particularly concussions. Self-disclosure and care seeking following a concussion are especially important because of the lack of outwardly visible signs and/or symptoms. Although recent research has explored factors affecting concussion disclosure, use of isolated methodologies limits the ability to contextualize how disclosure or nondisclosure occurs.

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Primary Objective: The objective of this study was to examine neurocognition, postural control, and symptomology at multiple timepoints following concussion. We hypothesized that collegiate athletes would perform similar to or better than their baseline in terms of each outcome at both timepoints.

Research Design: This was a retrospective study of 71 collegiate athletes (18.

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The current methodology establishes a reproducible, standardized, and cost-effective approach to monitoring the estrous cycle of female Sprague Dawley (SD) adolescent rats. This study demonstrates the complexity of hormonal cycles and the broad spectrum of understanding required to construct a reliable and valid monitoring technique. Through an in-depth examination of principal experimental design and procedural elements, this description of the cycle and its fundamental principles provides a framework for further understanding and deconstructs misconceptions for future replication.

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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers for Predicting Complications following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Int J Mol Sci

August 2021

Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a high mortality hemorrhagic stroke that affects nearly 30,000 patients annually in the United States. Approximately 30% of aSAH patients die during initial hospitalization and those who survive often carry poor prognosis with one in five having permanent physical and/or cognitive disabilities. The poor outcome of aSAH can be the result of the initial catastrophic event or due to the many acute or delayed neurological complications, such as cerebral ischemia, hydrocephalus, and re-bleeding.

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Scoping Review of Opioid Use After Traumatic Brain Injury.

J Head Trauma Rehabil

October 2021

Division of Rehabilitation Psychology, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (Drs Starosta and Hoffman); Institute for Behavioral Health at the Heller School for Social Policy & Management, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts (Dr Adams); Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Health Administration, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Adams); Division of Rehabilitation Psychology and Neuropsychology (Dr Kreutzer), Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (Ms Marwitz), Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Dr Monden); Brain Injury Research Center of Mount Sinai, Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York (Dr Dams O'Connor).

Objective: To summarize the current literature to identify what research has been conducted, examine the approaches used, and determine what is presently known about prescription and nonprescription opioid receipts and use among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Data Sources: The search strategy included the following: opioid; opiate; analgesics, opioid; opiate alkaloids; or opioid-related disorders; AND brain injury; brain injuries; brain injuries, traumatic; head injury; head injuries; head injuries, closed; head injuries, penetrating; brain concussion; diffuse axonal injury; diffuse axonal injuries; brain trauma/s; head trauma/s; concussion; craniocerebral trauma/s; or TBI. Filters included English and Adults (19+ years).

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Objective: To examine factors related to attrition in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) study sample assessed up to 15 years after injury.

Participants: One thousand twenty-eight participants with TBI who completed the year 1 follow-up assessment at a TBI Model Systems Center between 1992 and 2018.

Method: Secondary analysis of data from a prospective longitudinal cohort study considering follow-up data collection completion status at years 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15.

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Factors associated with concussion symptom knowledge and attitudes towards concussion care-seeking among parents of children aged 5-10 years.

J Safety Res

September 2021

Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Background: Understanding parents' concussion-related knowledge and attitudes will contribute to the development of strategies that aim to improve concussion prevention and sport safety for elementary school children. This study investigated the association between parent- and child-related factors and concussion symptom knowledge and care-seeking attitudes among parents of elementary school children (aged 5-10 years).

Methods: Four hundred parents of elementary school children completed an online questionnaire capturing parental and child characteristics; concussion symptom knowledge (25 items, range = 0-50; higher = better knowledge); and concussion care-seeking attitudes (five 7-point scale items, range = 5-35; higher = more positive attitudes).

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Sex Differences in Neurophysiological Changes Following Voluntary Exercise in Adolescent Rats.

Front Neurol

July 2021

Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Adolescence is a period of time characterized by the onset of puberty and is marked by cognitive and social developments and gross physical changes that can play a role in athletic performance. Sex differences are present with differences in body size, height, physiology and behavior which contribute to differences in athletic performance as well. Pre-clinical studies representing this active group are lacking.

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Promoting FAIR Data Through Community-driven Agile Design: the Open Data Commons for Spinal Cord Injury (odc-sci.org).

Neuroinformatics

January 2022

Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • The biomedical research landscape is shifting from data protectionism to open data sharing to enhance reproducibility, but developing effective data sharing infrastructures poses challenges.
  • One proposed model involves attaching data to websites, but this can lead to 'data dumps' rather than promoting FAIR principles, leading to the creation of curated, specialized data sharing communities.
  • The Open Data Commons for Spinal Cord Injury (ODC-SCI) exemplifies a community-driven approach to specialized data sharing, focusing on preclinical research data and engaging various stakeholders to ensure its relevance and usability.
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Pathophysiology of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury.

Front Neurol

July 2021

Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

The national incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) exceeds that of any other disease in the pediatric population. In the United States the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports 697,347 annual TBIs in children ages 0-19 that result in emergency room visits, hospitalization or deaths. There is a bimodal distribution within the pediatric TBI population, with peaks in both toddlers and adolescents.

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Intermittent hypoxia treatment (IH) has been shown to improve respiratory function in both pre-clinical animal models and human subjects following spinal cord injury (SCI), historically consisting of alternating and equal intervals of hypoxic and normoxic exposure. We describe such a procedure as fixed duration IH (FD-IH) and modulation of its severity, intermittency, and post-injury time-point of application differentially affects expression of breathing motor plasticity. As such, the established IH protocol exhibits similarity to instrumental conditioning and can be described as behavioral training through reinforcement.

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Context: The National Collegiate Athletic Association has sponsored women's field hockey since 1981, and team membership as well as student-athlete participation has grown over time.

Background: Routine examinations of injuries sustained by athletes are important for identifying and understanding patterns that can be used to inform sport safety practices.

Methods: Exposure and injury data collected in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program from 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 were analyzed.

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Context: The first men's wrestling National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Championship was sponsored in 1928; since then, participation has increased.

Background: Continued study of wrestling injury data is essential to identify areas for intervention based on emerging trends.

Methods: Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program during 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 were analyzed.

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Context: Football is among the most popular collegiate sports in the United States, and participation in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football has risen in recent years.

Background: Continued monitoring of football injuries is important for capturing the evolving burden of injuries in NCAA football. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of football-related injuries among men's NCAA football players during the 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 academic years.

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Context: The National Collegiate Athletic Association has supported men's ice hockey, a distinct sport that mandates high-velocity gamesmanship, since 1974.

Background: Injury surveillance systems are designed to identify evolving injury trends and their temporal qualities. Continual monitoring of collegiate men's ice hockey athletes remains essential.

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Context: The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has sponsored women's ice hockey championships since 2001, and sponsorship has grown over time.

Background: Routine examinations of injuries sustained by athletes are important for identifying and understanding patterns that can be used to inform sport safety practices.

Methods: Exposure and injury data collected in the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program from 2014-2015 through 2018-2019 were analyzed.

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Context: The National Collegiate Athletic Association has supported men's baseball championships since 1947. Since its inception, the number of participating teams and athletes has considerably expanded.

Background: Frequently conducting injury surveillance of collegiate baseball athletes is essential for identifying developing temporal patterns.

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Dysregulation of Systemic Immunity in Aging and Dementia.

Front Cell Neurosci

June 2021

Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.

Neuroinflammation and the tissue-resident innate immune cells, the microglia, respond and contribute to neurodegenerative pathology. Although microglia have been the focus of work linking neuroinflammation and associated dementias like Alzheimer's Disease, the inflammatory milieu of brain is a conglomerate of cross-talk amongst microglia, systemic immune cells and soluble mediators like cytokines. Age-related changes in the inflammatory profile at the levels of both the brain and periphery are largely orchestrated by immune system cells.

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