Asparagine endopeptidase deficiency mitigates radiation-induced brain injury by suppressing microglia-mediated neuronal senescence.

Mounting evidence supports the role of neuroinflammation in radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI), a chronic disease characterized by delayed and progressive neurological impairment. Asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), also known as legumain (LGMN), participates in multiple malignancies and neurodegenerative diseases and may potentially be involved in RIBI. Here, we found AEP expression was substantially elevated in the cortex and hippocampus of wild-type () mice following whole-brain irradiation.

Gender Disparities in Neurobehavioral Symptoms and the Role of Post-Traumatic Symptoms in US Service Members Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Women are more directly involved in combat operations today than ever before, currently making up 18.6% of officers and 16.8% of enlisted personnel in the United States military.

The Cost of Poverty: The Relationship Between Insurance Status, Length of Stay, and Discharge Disposition in Trauma Patients.

Introduction: Insurance status (IS) is known to be associated with length of stay (LOS). The impact of IS on excess LOS (ELOS), days between medical readiness and discharge date, has not been explored.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with pelvic fractures at a level I trauma center.

Mild hypothermia promotes neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells via RBM3-SOX11 signaling pathway.

Both therapeutic hypothermia and neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation have shown promise in neuroprotection and neural repair after brain injury. However, the effects of therapeutic hypothermia on neuronal differentiation of NSCs are not elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether mild hypothermia promoted neuronal differentiation in cultured and transplanted human NSCs (hNSCs).

Lifetime blast exposure is not related to cognitive performance or psychiatric symptoms in US military personnel.

The present study aimed to examine the impact of lifetime blast exposure (LBE) on neuropsychological functioning in service members and veterans (SMVs). Participants were 282 SMVs, with and without history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), who were prospectively enrolled in a Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC)-Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence (TBICoE) Longitudinal TBI Study. A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data was conducted.

Does cognitive learning potential measured with the dynamic Wisconsin Card Sorting Test predict rehabilitation outcome in elderly patients post-stroke?

Objective: To determine whether cognitive learning potential measured with the dynamic Wisconsin Card Sorting Test has added value in predicting rehabilitation outcome in elderly patients post-stroke after controlling for age, ADL independence at admission, global cognitive functioning and depressive symptoms.

Methods: Participants were patients with stroke admitted to a geriatric rehabilitation unit. ADL independence (Barthel Index) at discharge was used as measure for rehabilitation outcome.

Feasibility of a novel blended-care intervention for fatigue after acquired brain injury: a pilot study of the Tied by Tiredness intervention.

Purpose: Evidence-based treatments for fatigue after brain injury are scarce and often not personalized. An approach to foster personalization is Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM), consisting of repeated daily measurements of fatigue and related factors in daily life. We investigated the feasibility and usability of a novel six-week ESM-based intervention for fatigue after brain injury.

Virtual reality immerses you in your mind: the experience and stress-reduction benefits of VR mindfulness modules in persons with TBI.

Objective: This pilot study tested the feasibility and stress reduction effectiveness of a one-time virtual reality mindfulness module (VRMM) in individuals with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Thirty-eight participants participated in a pilot study utilizing a mixed methods convergent parallel design. Pretest and posttest stress levels were collected; participants engaged in a brief 4-question qualitative interview.

Intraoperative application of intelligent, responsive, self-assembling hydrogel rectifies oxygen and energy metabolism in traumatically injured brain.

In managing severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), emergency surgery involving the removal of damaged brain tissue and intracerebral hemorrhage is a priority. Secondary brain injury caused by oxidative stress and energy metabolic disorders, triggered by both primary mechanical brain damage and surgical insult, is also a determining factor in the prognosis of TBI. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of traditional postoperative intravenous neuroprotective agents therapy is often limited by the lack of targeting, timeliness, and side effects when neuroprotective agents systemically delivered.

Serum GFAP, NfL, and tau concentrations are associated with worse neurobehavioral functioning following mild, moderate, and severe TBI: a cross-sectional multiple-cohort study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine whether blood-based biomarkers associate with neurobehavioral functioning at three time points following traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Materials And Methods: Participants were 328 United States service members and veterans (SMVs) prospectively enrolled in the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center-Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence (DVBIC-TBICoE) 15-Year Longitudinal TBI Study, recruited into three groups: uncomplicated mild TBI (MTBI,  = 155); complicated mild, moderate, severe TBI combined (STBI, = 97); non-injured controls (NIC,  = 76). Participants were further divided into three cohorts based on time since injury (≤12 months, 3-5 years, and 8-10 years).

Preliminary Evaluation of the Scandinavian Guidelines for Initial Management of Minimal, Mild, and Moderate Head Injuries with Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has become the most promising biomarker for detecting traumatic abnormalities on head computed tomography (CT) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but most studies have not addressed the potential added value of combining the biomarker with clinical variables that confer risk for intracranial injuries. The Scandinavian Guidelines for Initial Management of Minimal, Mild, and Moderate Head Injuries in Adults were the first clinical decision rules in the field with an incorporated biomarker, the S100 astroglial calcium-binding protein B (S100B), which is used in the Mild (Low Risk) group defined by the guidelines. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of the guidelines when S100B was substituted with GFAP.

Motor dysfunction as a primary symptom predicts poor outcome: multicenter study of glioma symptoms.

Background And Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the prognostic value of primary symptoms and leading symptoms in adult patients with diffuse infiltrating glioma and to provide a clinical perspective for evaluating survival.

Methods: This study included a retrospective cohort from two tertiary university hospitals ( = 604, 2006-2013, Tampere University Hospital and Turku University Hospital) and a prospective cohort ( = 156, 2014-2018, Tampere University Hospital). Preoperative symptoms were divided into primary and leading symptoms.

A Biopsychosocial Approach to Persistent Post-COVID-19 Fatigue and Cognitive Complaints: Results of the Prospective Multicenter NeNeSCo Study.

Objective: To evaluate whether psychological and social factors complement biomedical factors in understanding post-COVID-19 fatigue and cognitive complaints. Additionally, to incorporate objective (neuro-cognitive) and subjective (patient-reported) variables in identifying factors related to post-COVID-19 fatigue and cognitive complaints.

Design: Prospective, multicenter cohort study.

Stakeholder Engagement to Identify Implementation Strategies to Overcome Barriers to Delivering Chronic Pain Treatments: A NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to illustrate the process of stakeholder-engaged intervention mapping approach to identify implementation strategies to overcome data-driven prioritized barriers to receiving chronic pain services for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Community.

Participants: Healthcare providers (n = 63) with 2 or more years' experience treating persons with TBI, interviewed between October 2020 and November 2021 provided data for identification of barriers.

Provider Perspectives of Facilitators and Barriers to Reaching and Utilizing Chronic Pain Healthcare for Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Qualitative NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project.

Objective: To identify facilitators and barriers to reaching and utilizing chronic pain treatments for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) organized around an Access to Care framework, which includes dimensions of access to healthcare as a function of supply (ie, provider/system) and demand (ie, patient) factors for a specified patient population.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Clinicians (n = 63) with experience treating persons with TBI were interviewed between October 2020 and November 2021.

Provider Perceived Facilitators and Barriers to Identifying, Perceiving, and Seeking Healthcare for Chronic Pain After TBI: A Qualitative NIDILRR and VA TBI Model Systems Collaborative Project.

Objective: Identify determinants to chronic pain healthcare for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) informed by an Access to Care Framework. Findings related to the Access Framework's core domains of identifying a need, perceptions of the need, and seeking healthcare are reported.

Setting: Community.

Lifetime Blast Exposure Is Not Related to White Matter Integrity in Service Members and Veterans With and Without Uncomplicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

This study examines the impact of lifetime blast exposure on white matter integrity in service members and veterans (SMVs). Participants were 227 SMVs, including those with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI;  = 124), orthopedic injury controls ( = 58), and non-injured controls ( = 45), prospectively enrolled in a Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC)/Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence (TBICoE) study. Participants were divided into three groups based on number of self-reported lifetime blast exposures: none ( = 53); low (i.

Longitudinal health outcomes in caregivers of military members with traumatic brain injury.

Purpose/objective: To examine longitudinal change in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in caregivers of service members/veterans with traumatic brain injury and factors associated with clinically elevated symptoms.

Research Method/design: Caregivers ( = 220) completed nine HRQOL outcome measures and 10 risk factor measures at a baseline evaluation and follow-up evaluation 3 years later. Caregiver's responses on the nine HRQOL outcome measures were classified into four clinical change categories based on the presence/absence of clinically elevated -scores (≥ 60 T) at baseline and follow-up: (a) Persistent (baseline ≥ 60T + follow-up ≥ 60 T), (b) Developed (baseline < 60 T + follow-up ≥ 60 T), (c) Improved (baseline ≥ 60 T + follow-up < 60 T), and (d) Asymptomatic (baseline < 60 T + follow-up < 60 T).

Outcome and survival of surgically treated acute subdural hematomas and postcraniotomy hematomas - A retrospective cohort study.

Background: The morbidity and mortality of acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) remains high. Several factors have been reported to affect the outcome and survival of these patients. In this study, we explored factors potentially associated with the outcome and survival of surgically treated acute subdural hematoma (aSDH), including postcraniotomy hematomas (PCHs).

Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Maturing Brain: An Investigation of Symptoms and Cognitive Performance in Soldiers Returning From Afghanistan and Iraq.

Objective: The majority of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are classified as mild and occur in young individuals. The course of recovery varies but can result in chronic or troubling outcomes. The impact of age on TBI outcomes in young adults before complete brain maturation is not well studied.