Endovascular treatment of high-flow carotid-cavernous fistula secondary to rupture of a carotid-cavernous aneurysm post-flow diverter stent placement.

Carotid-cavernous aneurysms (CCAs) have the potential for growth, and their risk of rupture can lead to severe complications. Treatment is typically recommended to prevent these complications, with endovascular therapy being the preferred approach due to the challenging surgical access. This case presents a rare instance of rupture of a CCA that had been previously treated with a flow-diverting stent, which resulted in the development of a carotid-cavernous fistula, requiring venous access endovascular treatment.

[Giant pericranial sinus with extensive occipital calvarium defect].

Background: Giant non-traumatic and non-iatrogenic cranial vault defects are poorly studied due to their rarity. Therefore, diagnosis and analysis of their causes are difficult. In available literature, we found only 4 cases of giant pericranial sinus accompanied by extensive cranial vault defects.

Magnetic resonance imaging findings of cerebral venous malformations.

Purpose: Our study aimed to evaluate the incidence and anatomical locations of cerebral venous malformations (CVMs), their alterations over time, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of their relationships with each other in patients who underwent magnetic susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and contrast-enhanced MRI.

Methods: The drainage pattern of developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), the number of collecting veins, DVA thrombosis, signal-intensity abnormalities, and hemosiderin deposits (nodular, diffuse, or both) related to the DVA, were examined. The alterations over time in cavernomas (type and size) were assessed.

Endovascular Treatment With Targeted Embolization of Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Single-Center Study.

Objective: To assess the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of targeted embolization for cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVF).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study investigated patients with CSDAVF who underwent endovascular treatment at a tertiary hospital between October 1991 and March 2023. Treatment strategies were determined based on clinical symptoms and shunt characteristics.

Image-guided Epidural Blood Patching and Fibrin Glue Occlusion of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks and Venous Fistulas.

There have been major advances in the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). While once thought to be a rare condition, the occurrence is not uncommon if diagnosed adequately. Our greater understanding of SIH is based on three main points: (1) awareness of the various types of spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks; (2) advanced myelography with the precision to detect dural tears and CSF-venous fistulas; and (3) updated treatment techniques of epidural patching, embolization, and surgery.

Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: Baseline Cognitive Changes and Changes following Treatment: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Background And Purpose: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) exhibit varied clinical manifestations, and high-grade cases are associated with both a risk of hemorrhage and (in certain cases) dementia. Less known, however, is the association between DAVF and more subtle cognitive changes, which might not be clinically apparent without formal neurocognitive testing. This study prospectively assesses baseline cognitive changes in patients with unruptured DAVFs and looks at the effects of treatment on any such changes.

High flow pial arteriovenous fistula with dural sinus malformation of the posterior circulation.

Posterior fossa congenital pial arteriovenous fistulas are rare vascular anomalies associated with high morbidity. These anomalies often present challenges to neurointerventionists due to their complex morphological features. We successfully treated two technically challenging, infratentorial large pial arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) associated with complete flow steal in the basilar artery.

Intracranial Vascular Malformations in Children.

Intracranial vascular malformations (IVMs) represent a significant challenge in pediatric medicine due to their diagnostic and therapeutic complexity. Despite their rarity, the severity of potential neurologic outcomes necessitates a comprehensive understanding and approach to management. This article aims to provide an overview of pediatric IVMs, specifically nidal arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations, capillary telangiectasias, and developmental venous anomalies, and highlight the importance of advanced diagnostic imaging and therapeutic strategies in improving outcomes.

The retrograde pressure cooker technique for transvenous embolization of a residual arteriovenous malformation following stereotactic radiosurgery.

Residual brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) following stereotactic radiosurgery are not uncommon and the optimal subsequent management remains undetermined.1-3 Endovascular embolization has been reported as an effective treatment for residual BAVMs after radiosurgery,4 5 and has the advantage over repeat radiosurgery in selected cases as angiographic weak points can be secured immediately and the risk of radiation-induced complications is less of a concern.6 7 In this technical video (video 1), we demonstrate the transvenous embolization of a previously-irradiated arteriovenous malformation and a persistent venous pouch using the retrograde pressure cooker technique, with emphasis on the important recommendations for avoiding periprocedural complications.

Dural arteriovenous fistulae in a 6-year-old girl with trisomy 21 and congenital heart disease.

Dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) represents a pathological group of intracranial shunts arising from the dural artery to venous sinus and veins. Childhood-onset DAVF is generally considered to be poor in prognosis, whereas only limited information is available for the onset and long-term outcomes. We herein report a Japanese girl with trisomy 21, large ventricular septal defects, and pulmonary vein stenosis, for which a transcatheter stent had been placed after birth.

Midbrain Cavernous Malformation: Microsurgical Nuances and an Anatomoclinical Review 2-Dimensional Video.

Midbrain cavernous malformations (MCMs) are rare and dangerous taken the important structures and tracts located in this segment of the brainstem. MCM treatment is still controversial, and surgical resection is basically indicated in cases of recurrent hemorrhage and progressive neurologic deterioration. The optimal moment to operate ruptured MCM is in the subacute stage.

Microsurgery of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in a Resource-Limited Setting: The First Case-Series from Iraq.

Background: Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can lead to significant morbidity and are particularly challenging to manage in resource-limited settings where endovascular treatment modalities are unaffordable for most patients.

Objective: To describe the first case series of AVM from Iraq with an analysis of the related clinicoradiologic characteristics, operative features, and outcomes.

Methods: A single-center database from October 2018 to December 2022 was reviewed to analyze the characteristics of cerebral AVMs who underwent surgical treatment in Baghdad, Iraq.