Outcome of Patients With Central Nervous System Multiple Myeloma (CNS-MM) Treated With CNS-Directed Radiation Therapy.

Background: The prognosis of multiple myeloma involving the central nervous system (CNS-MM) is poor. We report outcomes of CNS-MM treated with CNS-directed radiation therapy (RT).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with CNS-MM treated with CNS-directed RT from 2015 to 2024.

Pupil sparing oculomotor nerve palsy with concomitant Horner syndrome as a presentation of mantle cell lymphoma relapse.

A woman in her 70s, with a background of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), presented with headache and diplopia. Neuro-ophthalmic examination revealed a combination of Horner syndrome and ipsilateral pupil sparing oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP). Cerebrospinal fluid immunophenotyping demonstrated CD5 positive clonal B lymphocytes, consistent with neurological involvement by MCL.

Atypical presentations of primary lymphoproliferative processes in the central nervous system.

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by lymphoproliferative disorders is rare and associated with a poor prognosis. CNS involvement can be exclusive, primary or appear in a secondary manner as part of a systemic process. The spectrum of involvement that we encounter is varied and neuroimaging plays a key role in diagnosis.

Fast intraoperative detection of primary CNS lymphoma and differentiation from common CNS tumors using stimulated Raman histology and deep learning.

Background: Accurate intraoperative diagnosis is crucial for differentiating between primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) and other CNS entities, guiding surgical decision-making, but represents significant challenges due to overlapping histomorphological features, time constraints, and differing treatment strategies. We combined stimulated Raman histology (SRH) with deep learning to address this challenge.

Methods: We imaged unprocessed, label-free tissue samples intraoperatively using a portable Raman scattering microscope, generating virtual H&E-like images within less than three minutes.

Anti-Tr/DNER Antibody-associated Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndrome Presenting Limbic Encephalitis with Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report.

An 82-year-old man presented with acute progressive disturbance of consciousness. We suspected autoimmune limbic encephalitis because of abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings in the bilateral temporal lobes and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. The patient tested positive for anti-Tr/Delta/Notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor (DNER) antibodies, and a tissue biopsy revealed complications of anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Case Report: Diffuse cerebral lymphomatosis with superimposed multifocal primary CNS lymphoma.

Description: Cerebral lymphomatosis (CL) is a rare subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). In CL, atypical lymphoid cells diffusely infiltrate the cerebral parenchyma without forming a discrete mass as seen with PCNSL. We report a case of a 66-year-old woman with diffuse CL and superimposed areas of PCNSL.

Primary Skull Base Lymphoma Presenting With Ipsilateral Abducens Nerve Palsy: A Case Report.

A 66-year-old woman with no prior medical history presented to the emergency department with diplopia and parosmia. The neurological examination identified an isolated left abducens nerve (CN VI) palsy. A head CT scan, followed by a brain MRI, showed a large, locally advanced tumour in the left sphenoid sinus with extensive skull base involvement and perineural extension into the left orbit.

Case report: Intravascular large B cell lymphoma mimicking acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: diagnostic value of advanced MRI techniques and the literature review with the assistance of ChatGPT.

The intravascular large B cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare subtype of lymphoma. The IVBCL is usually found with systemic involvement, with a relative predilection for skin and the central nervous system (CNS), followed by a rapidly progressive course and poor prognosis with a high mortality rate. IVLBCL is difficult to diagnose based on conventional MRI alone.

Positive Antiganglioside Antibodies in a Patient with Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System.

Up to one-third of lymphoma cases involve the nervous system. Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS) associated with lymphoma is extremely rare. We herein report a case of primary central nervous system lymphoma initially mimicking MFS in a 70-year-old man who presented with subacute unsteady gait and diplopia.

Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging Showing Intravascular Large B-cell Lymphoma Infiltration: Association with Pathological Findings.

A 75-year-old man presented with cognitive decline, headaches, and ataxic gait. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed acute infarcts in multiple brain regions, and vessel wall MRI (VW-MRI) demonstrated concentric arterial wall thickening and enhancement in some intracranial arteries, initially suggesting primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV). Despite immunosuppressive therapy, the patient developed further infarction.

"Brain Biopsy Revolution: Unveiling the Core Syringe Technique With Clinical Insights".

Background: Obtaining a definitive pathological diagnosis from brain tissue sampling was challenging due to the small, nonrepresentative sample. This study introduced a novel syringe technique for brain biopsy aimed at enhancing diagnostic accuracy by obtaining core tissue samples that better represent the targeted tissue.

Methods: The 10 patients with atypical brain lesions underwent the syringe biopsy.

A Systematic Literature Review of Modelling Approaches to Evaluate the Cost Effectiveness of PET/CT for Therapy Response Monitoring in Oncology.

Background And Objective: This systematic literature review addresses model-based cost-effectiveness studies for therapy response monitoring with positron emission tomography (PET) generally combined with low-dose computed tomography (CT) for various cancer types. Given the known heterogeneity in therapy response events, studies should consider patient-level modelling rather than cohort-based modelling because of its flexibility in handling these events and the time to events. This review aims to identify the modelling methods used and includes a systematic assessment of the assumptions made in the current literature.

Distinguishing clinical and imaging characteristics of primary central nervous system lymphoma from high-grade glioma and metastatic brain tumors.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the clinical presentations, radiological characteristics, patient outcomes, and therapeutic approaches among individuals diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), high-grade glioma (HGG), and metastatic brain tumors (METS).

Methods: We assembled a cohort of brain tumor patients from two medical centers, with two oncologists independently reviewing their clinical profiles. A retrospective examination of 87 PCNSL, 87 HGG, and 71 METS cases was performed to assess the aforementioned parameters.

MRI-Based Machine Learning for Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma.

A portion of individuals diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) may experience early relapse or refractory (R/R) disease following treatment. This research explored the potential of MRI-based radiomics in forecasting R/R cases in PCNSL. Forty-six patients with pathologically confirmed PCNSL diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2020 were included in this study.

PET imaging of CXCR4 expression using [F]AlF-NOTA-QHY-04 for hematologic malignancy and solid tumors.

C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is an attractive target for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Here, we aimed to develop a new CXCR4-targeted PET tracer, and to investigate the translational potential for noninvasive imaging of CXCR4 expression in various cancer entities through preclinical and pilot clinical studies. [F]AlF-NOTA-QHY-04 was synthesized and evaluated by cellular uptake, blocking and biolayer interferometry studies .