11,267 results match your criteria: "Brain Imaging in Astrocytoma"

Segmentation of Low-Grade Brain Tumors Using Mutual Attention Multimodal MRI.

Sensors (Basel)

November 2024

Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.

Early detection and precise characterization of brain tumors play a crucial role in improving patient outcomes and extending survival rates. Among neuroimaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for brain tumor diagnostics due to its ability to produce high-contrast images across a variety of sequences, each highlighting distinct tissue characteristics. This study focuses on enabling multimodal MRI sequences to advance the automatic segmentation of low-grade astrocytomas, a challenging task due to their diffuse and irregular growth patterns.

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Clinicopathological Parameters and Immunohistochemical Profiles in Correlation with MRI Characteristics in Glioblastomas.

Int J Mol Sci

December 2024

Department of Anatomy and Embryology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Str., 540142 Târgu Mures, Romania.

Glioblastoma is considered the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. The tumor microenvironment includes several components, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, and extracellular matrix components like matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which facilitates the proliferation of endothelial cells with pro-angiogenic roles. The MRI characteristics of glioblastomas can contribute to determining the prognosis.

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Unlabelled: The development of new drugs in nuclear medicine for diagnosis or treatment (chemotherapy) of brain tumors, in particular gliomas, is inextricably linked with the use of tumor models in animals (usually rats).

Objective: To compare the widely used glioma cell model C6 and the new experimental tissue model of glioblastoma 101.8.

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Neuroplasticity is well established in low grade glioma patients. Less is known about functional plasticity in glioblastomas. A 56-year-old lady presented with a recurrent speech deficit seventeen months after her initial craniotomy for a language eloquent glioblastoma (GBM).

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Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant astrocytoma without cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A/B (CDKN2A/B) homozygous deletion typically follows a slow clinical course. However, some cases show early progression on magnetic resonance imaging, and these characteristics remain under-reported. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant astrocytoma showing early progression on magnetic resonance imaging.

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Predicting glioblastoma progression using MR diffusion tensor imaging: A systematic review.

J Neuroimaging

December 2024

Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Background And Purpose: Despite multimodal treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), recurrence beyond the initial tumor volume is inevitable. Moreover, conventional MRI has shortcomings that hinder the early detection of occult white matter tract infiltration by tumor, but diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a sensitive probe for assessing microstructural changes, facilitating the identification of progression before standard imaging. This sensitivity makes DTI a valuable tool for predicting recurrence.

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Differentiating Glioma Recurrence and Pseudoprogression by APTw CEST MRI.

Invest Radiol

December 2024

From the Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany (K.K.-J., N.E., E.G., K.S., J.U., H.F.-P., D.S., V.S., J.M.K., I.P., S.H., M.B., M.O.B.); Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) within the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany (K.K.-J., F.W., W.W.); Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany (D.B., F.M.I., F.W., W.W.); DKTK, DKFZ, Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, Heidelberg, Germany (F.M.I.); Division of Radiology, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (N.V., D.P.); Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, DKTK, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany (L.B., M.P., M.O.B.); Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany (L.B., M.P.); Division of Neuroradiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.P.); and Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany (D.P.).

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the relationship between motor deficits (MD) in patients after glioma surgery and the proximity of the tumor to key motor pathways, specifically the corticospinal tract (CST).
  • It compares two imaging techniques—conventional Diffusion Tensor Imaging Fiber Tracking (DTI-FT) and q-ball Imaging Fiber Tracking (QBI-FT)—to determine which better predicts postoperative motor impairment.
  • Preliminary results indicate that patients with more severe MD have lesions significantly closer to the CST when analyzed using QBI-FT, suggesting this method could improve neurosurgical planning, although more extensive research is needed to validate these findings.
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Background: To investigate the accuracy of quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent (qBOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in identifying hypoxia within glioblastoma and explore dynamic changes in oxygenation status of glioblastoma with and without metformin administration.

Methods: Three healthy and seven C6-bearing rats underwent 7-T qBOLD MRI. Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) and cerebral metabolism rate of O (CMRO) were calculated from qBOLD data.

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The neglected burden of chronic hypoxia on the resistance of glioblastoma multiforme to first-line therapies.

BMC Biol

November 2024

Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Radiobiology Laboratory, 3 Rue de La Porte de L'Hôpital, Strasbourg, 67000, France.

Article Synopsis
  • * Factors like tumor heterogeneity, genomic instability, angiogenesis, and chronic hypoxia contribute to this recurrence by making GBM more resistant to therapies.
  • * The review will explore how chronic hypoxia leads to genetic and epigenetic changes that aid GBM survival and will also propose personalized treatment strategies using a proteomics-based hypoxia signature.
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Background: Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive brain cancer. It is a highly immunology-driven disease as up to a third of its mass is composed of immune cells. Apart from immunology, imaging is a major research frontier.

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Tailoring glioblastoma treatment based on longitudinal analysis of post-surgical tumor microenvironment.

J Exp Clin Cancer Res

November 2024

Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INP, Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR7051, Team Gliomagenesis and Microenvironment, Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales - Secteur Timone, 27, Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France.

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How I do it: preoperative simulation and augmented reality assisted surgical resection of Glioblastoma in Broca's area.

Acta Neurochir (Wien)

November 2024

Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.

Background: The emergence of virtual reality and augmented reality makes preoperative simulation and intraoperative real-time guidance possible, especially for lesions in functional areas.

Method: Preoperatively, the virtual reality technique allowed the simulation of tumor resection while visualizing the fiber tracts. During resection, we used augmented reality to localize the terminations of dorsal language pathways and strictly followed the preoperative plan to perform the surgery.

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Hypothalamic gliomas, though rare, present significant challenges in neuro-oncology due to their critical location and high morbidity risk. Pilocytic astrocytoma is the most common subtype, requiring a delicate balance between tumor control and preservation of neurological function. This study explores radiosurgery as a viable treatment option for hypothalamic gliomas, with a focus on low-grade lesions.

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The frequency and duration of imaging surveillance in children and adolescents with pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) aims for the early detection of recurrence or progression. Although surveillance of pLGGs is performed routinely, it is not yet standardized. The aim of the current review is to provide a comprehensive synthesis of published studies regarding the optimal frequency, intervals, and duration of surveillance.

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1H-MRS parameters in non-enhancing peritumoral regions can predict the recurrence of glioblastoma.

Sci Rep

November 2024

Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli South Street, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of metabolic parameters in preoperative non-enhancing peritumoral regions (NEPTRs) for glioblastoma recurrence, using multivoxel hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Clinical and imaging data from patients with recurrent glioblastoma were analyzed. Through co-registration of preoperative and post-recurrence MRI, we identified future tumor recurrence regions (FTRRs) and future non-tumor recurrence regions (FNTRRs) within the NEPTRs.

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This case report describes a patient who presented with devastating stroke-like symptoms secondary to a cystic brain lesion that was confirmed to be glioblastoma without significant symptomatology before her dramatic presentation. It further highlights the aggressive nature and the swift growth of the tumor in a short period of time. A 55-year-old female with no significant past medical history presented to the emergency department in a comatose state.

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Purpose: Current radiotherapy (RT) in glioblastoma (GBM) is delivered as constant dose fractions (CDF), which do not account for intratumoral-heterogeneity and radio-selection in GBM. These factors contribute to differential treatment response complicating the therapeutic efficacy of this principle. Our study aims to investigate an alternative dosing strategy to overcome radio-resistance using a novel longitudinal radiation cytotoxicity assay.

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The study aims to investigate the regulatory role of NPs lncRNA NONHSAT159592.1 in glioblastoma cells and its molecular mechanism. We have designed a reduction-responsive nanoparticle (NP) platform for efficient delivery of si-lncRNA (si-lnc).

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Facile Alkyne Assembly-Enabled Functional Au Nanosheets for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Gene Therapy of Orthotopic Glioblastoma.

J Am Chem Soc

December 2024

Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials of Jiangsu Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.

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Preclinical evaluation of antigen-sensitive B7-H3-targeting nanobody-based CAR-T cells in glioblastoma cautions for on-target, off-tumor toxicity.

J Immunother Cancer

November 2024

Translational Oncology Research Center (TORC), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy (LMCT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common lethal primary brain tumor, urging evaluation of new treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells targeting B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3) are promising because of the overexpression of B7-H3 on glioblastoma cells but not on healthy brain tissue. Nanobody-based (nano)CARs are gaining increasing attention as promising alternatives to classical single-chain variable fragment-based (scFv)CARs, because of their single-domain nature and low immunogenicity.

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