11,407 results match your criteria: "Brain Death in Children"

Cell death in glioblastoma and the central nervous system.

Cell Oncol (Dordr)

November 2024

Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada.

Glioblastoma is the commonest and deadliest primary brain tumor. Glioblastoma is characterized by significant intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, resistance to treatment and dismal prognoses despite decades of research in understanding its biological underpinnings. Encompassed within this heterogeneity and therapy resistance are severely dysregulated programmed cell death pathways.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Cancer is still the leading cause of non-accidental death in childhood, although the majority of children diagnosed in high-income countries survive their illness. In accordance with international standards, equal and early access to palliative care should be available to children and adults. Yet communication and prognostic disclosure may influence the timing of involvement in palliative care.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Altered sleep and inflammation are related to outcomes in neonatal encephalopathy.

Acta Paediatr

November 2024

Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Aim: Immune dysregulation and delayed onset of sleep wake cycling (SWC) are associated with worse outcome in neonatal encephalopathy (NE), however the association between sleep and immune dysfunction in NE remains unclear. Aimed to evaluate association of sleep and systemic inflammation with outcomes in NE.

Methods: Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) recordings were collected on infants undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Are we better together? Addressing a combined treatment of pitavastatin and temozolomide for brain cancer.

Eur J Pharmacol

December 2024

Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences-IMS, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address:

Pitavastatin is commonly prescribed to treat hypercholesterolemia through the regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis. Interestingly, it has also demonstrated a great potential for treating brain tumors, although the detailed cytotoxic mechanism, particularly in glioblastoma, remains incompletely understood. This work explores the activity of pitavastatin in 2D and 3D glioblastoma models, in an attempt to provide a more representative and robust overview of its anticancer potential in glioblastoma.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - Cancer is becoming a leading cause of death, and while rare, childhood cancer significantly affects child mortality; this study examines its occurrence across Iranian provinces from 2014 to 2018 using national registry data.
  • - Analyzing 14,711 cases, researchers found an age-standardized incidence rate of 119.56 per million, with boys at a higher rate (129.98) compared to girls (107.68), and leukemia was the most common type.
  • - The findings revealed high-risk clusters for childhood cancer in central Iran, notably in Isfahan, Yazd, and Tehran, prompting the need for targeted health strategies and further research into the geographic and gender disparities in cancer rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • * Researchers found that the channel's activity increases with age and identified abnormal neuron behavior due to a specific KCNT1 mutation (p.R474H) associated with these conditions.
  • * A clinical trial showed that an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy significantly reduced seizures in individuals with the mutation, and it’s possible to target the K1.1 channel early in brain development for therapeutic intervention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Genetics of Latin American Diversity Project: Insights into population genetics and association studies in admixed groups in the Americas.

Cell Genom

November 2024

Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Health Equity and Population Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Personalized Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Latin Americans are often overlooked in genetic studies, which can widen gaps in personalized medicine due to the challenges of accessing genetic data and consent processes.
  • The Genetics of Latin American Diversity (GLAD) Project compiles genetic information from over 53,000 individuals across various regions to explore diverse ancestry and gene flow in the Americas.
  • GLAD includes a tool called GLAD-match to align external genetic samples with its database while protecting individual privacy, thus supporting more inclusive genomic research and enhancing personalized medicine for Latin Americans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of death from physical child abuse in children younger than 5 years of age in the United States. The mortality rate among patients with AHT is 25%, and the recurrence rate of child abuse rises to 35% when there is a lack of intervention. Thus, identifying child abuse is crucial yet especially challenging for infants and toddlers as they are preverbal.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global health issue, leading to high rates of death and disability, necessitating evidence-based management to reduce secondary injuries.
  • A multidisciplinary team reviewed various TBI-related topics over 18 months, formulating questions and recommendations using established frameworks to guide treatment approaches.
  • The panel developed 14 evidence-based recommendations for managing severe TBI in children, addressing key areas like imaging, neuromonitoring, and nutrition, while also outlining research priorities in this field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cancer cells need nutrients to grow and proliferate. During nutrient stress in the microenvironment, it is unclear or cancer cells can adopt alternative resources to re-wire and survive in patients. We discovered a 6-factor-secretome remarkably sustains a critical cell mass during nutrient stress in a pediatric embryonal brain tumor, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

SMPD4-mediated sphingolipid metabolism regulates brain and primary cilia development.

Development

November 2024

Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.

Genetic variants in multiple sphingolipid biosynthesis genes cause human brain disorders. A recent study looked at people from 12 unrelated families with variants in the gene SMPD4, a neutral sphingomyelinase that metabolizes sphingomyelin into ceramide at an early stage of the biosynthesis pathway. These individuals have severe developmental brain malformations, including microcephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Brain metastasis from cervical cancer is rare and has a poor prognosis, with no established effective treatments known until recently.
  • A 50-year-old patient with cervical cancer developed multiple metastases and initially received various therapies, but with limited success.
  • After starting treatment with the PD-1/CTLA-4 inhibitor cadonilimab, the patient showed significant improvement, achieving a very good partial response and surviving over 18 months after the brain metastasis diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rationale: DMG is a highly invasive and lethal type of brain tumor. As these tumors progress, they often compromise the CSF circulation, leading to hydrocephalus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) is commonly employed to manage hydrocephalus; however, the complication of VPS-induced ascites, particularly in the presence of tumor cells, is a significant concern that merits attention.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Tackling Anticancer Drug Resistance and Endosomal Escape in Aggressive Brain Tumors Using Bioelectronics.

ACS Omega

October 2024

Bioelectronics Laboratory, Division of Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Therapies, School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.

Resistance mechanisms in brain tumors, such as medulloblastoma and glioblastoma, frequently involve the entrapment of chemotherapeutic agents within endosomes and the extracellular expulsion of drugs. These barriers to effective treatment are exacerbated in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, where therapeutic nanoparticles often remain confined within endosomes, thus diminishing their therapeutic efficacy. Addressing this challenge necessitates the development of novel strategies to enhance the efficiency of cancer therapies.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates the role of oxidative stress from mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in late-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), focusing on using a new radioactive tracer, [F]ROStrace, to track this stress in a mouse model. - Researchers used MitoPark mice, which mimic PD symptoms, to test [F]ROStrace's effectiveness in detecting increased oxidative stress throughout the progression of the disease, finding that stress levels were higher in males and correlated with more severe symptoms. - The findings suggest that [F]ROStrace could serve as a useful tool for identifying individuals at risk for PD and help optimize clinical trials by pinpointing those likely to benefit from antioxidant treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor with a low median survival rate of about 14.6 months, and its recurrence is inevitable despite current treatment methods like surgery and chemotherapy.
  • Researchers have found that the epigenetic modifier ID-1 plays a key role in glioblastoma's resistance to the chemotherapy drug temozolomide by promoting a specific metabolic process called one-carbon (1-C) mediated purine synthesis.
  • The study suggests that targeting the abnormal metabolic pathways in treatment-resistant glioblastoma cells could provide new therapeutic strategies to combat this aggressive cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The peripheral chemoreflex and fetal defenses against intrapartum hypoxic-ischemic brain injury at term gestation.

Semin Fetal Neonatal Med

November 2024

Fetal Physiology and Neuroscience Group, Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.

Fetal hypoxemia is ubiquitous during labor and, when severe, is associated with perinatal death and long-term neurodevelopmental disability. Adverse outcomes are highly associated with barriers to care, such that developing countries have a disproportionate burden of perinatal injury. The prevalence of hypoxemia and its link to injury can be obscure, simply because the healthy fetus has robust coordinated defense mechanisms, spearheaded by the peripheral chemoreflex, such that hypoxemia only becomes apparent in the minority of cases associated with stillbirth, severe metabolic acidemia or adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the gene expression patterns in Parkinson's disease (PD) using RNA sequencing to understand the main pathways involved in neuronal death as the disease progresses.
  • Researchers identified that necroptosis, a specific cell death pathway, becomes more prominent and is closely linked to the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in various neuron types.
  • The findings indicate that targeting the NO-mediated necroptosis pathway could be beneficial for developing therapeutic strategies for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and ALS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children, with medulloblastoma (MB) being the most prevalent type, exhibiting strong invasion and rapid spread.
  • In 2010, the World Health Organization categorized MB into four distinct molecular subtypes (WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4), each having unique characteristics and varying prognoses.
  • Metabolomics, a sophisticated analytical technique, holds promise for personalized medicine by analyzing metabolites to better understand MB and develop targeted treatment strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Advances in mesenchymal stem cell-centered stem cell therapy in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic injury.

Int Immunopharmacol

December 2024

Department of Neonatology, the Second School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of Wenzhou, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Electronic address:

Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a leading cause of neonatal death and neurological dysfunction for which no particularly effective treatment is available. Stem cells possess multi-directional differentiation potential and can secrete a variety of cytokines. They not only have the ability to replace tissue and repair lesions but also improve neurological damage caused by HIBD through paracrine mechanisms, including anti-apoptosis, reduction of inflammation, and promotion of endogenous repair.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor in children, has distinct subgroups, including WNT-driven and SHH-driven types, and this study focuses on the small molecule MAGMAS inhibitor, BT9, previously shown to impact adult glioblastoma.
  • The research involved treating human medulloblastoma cell lines (DAOY and D425) with BT9 and assessing effects on cell proliferation, death, migration, invasion, and metabolic activity through various assays.
  • While BT9 significantly reduced cell proliferation and increased death in vitro, it did not improve survival in an in vivo mouse model, indicating potential antitumor effects but limited efficacy in living organisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: The patterns of oligoprogression after first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for metastatic NSCLC are yet to be well established. An increasing volume of data suggests that directed radiotherapy improves survival outcomes in patients with progression after ICIs.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on patients with metastatic NSCLC who had completed first-line programmed death-(ligand) 1 inhibitor therapy with or without chemotherapy at two high-volume cancer centers.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF