Neurological management of ischemic stroke in sickle cell disease- a case report with an updated review of the literature.

Background: In children and adults with sickle-cell disease (SCD), acute ischemic stroke (AIS) associated with a vaso-occlusive crisis is a leading cause of physical and cognitive disability and death. However, neurological guidelines for acute management of AIS fail to directly address this issue. We here report a case of a man with severe cerebrovascular complications and illustrate the current evidence on the management of SCD-related AIS.

Effects of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl on caudal fin regeneration in zebrafish larvae.

With the widespread application of pesticides, water pollution problems are becoming more and more serious, which is very likely to cause harm to fish. Lower vertebrates, including fish, have the ability to repair damaged tissues. The spread of pesticides in the water may affect their regeneration process after injury, leading to their death, thereby affecting the survival rate of the population.

A Systematic Review of Human Paenibacillus Infections and Comparison of Adult and Pediatric Cases.

Background: Neonatal infections due to Paenibacillus species have increasingly been reported over the last few years.

Methods: We performed a structured literature review of human Paenibacillus infections in pediatric and adult patients to compare the epidemiology of infections between these distinct patient populations.

Results: Forty reports describing 177 infections were included.

The multifaceted nature of Egyptian mummification: Paleoradiological insights into child mummies.

In accordance with ancient Egyptian beliefs, the preservation of the body after death was an important prerequisite for the continued existence of the deceased in the afterlife. This involved application of various physical interventions and magical rituals to the corpse. Computed tomography (CT), as the gold-standard technology in the field of paleoradiology, enables deeper insights into details of artificial body preservation.

Activity-Based Proteome Profiling of Serum Serine Hydrolases: Application in Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma.

Purpose: Traumatic brain injury (TBI), including pediatric abusive head trauma (AHT), is the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults worldwide. The current understanding of trauma-induced molecular changes in the brain of human subjects with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) remains inadequate and requires further investigation to improve the outcome and management of TBI in the clinic. Calcium-mediated damage at the site of brain injury has been shown to activate several catalytic enzymes.

Monitoring central nervous system tumour metabolism using cerebrospinal fluid.

Central nervous system (CNS) tumours are the most common cancer cause of death in under 40s in the UK, largely because they persist and recur and sometimes metastasise during treatment. Therefore, longitudinal monitoring of patients during and following treatment must be undertaken to understand the course of the disease and alter treatment plans reactively. This monitoring must be specific, sensitive, rapid, low cost, simple, and accepted by the patient.

The landscape of primary mismatch repair deficient gliomas in children, adolescents, and young adults: a multi-cohort study.

Background: Gliomas are a major cause of cancer-related death among children, adolescents, and young adults (age 0-40 years). Primary mismatch repair deficiency (MMRD) is a pan-cancer mechanism with unique biology and therapeutic opportunities. We aimed to determine the extent and impact of primary MMRD in gliomas among children, adolescents, and young adults.

Brain death due to intracranial hemorrhage in a child following suspected Bothrops snakebite.

Snakebites from the genus Bothrops are common and are responsible for the highest mortality rate in Brazil. Factors related to the species, treatment, and patient influence the clinical manifestations and prognosis of the condition. Young patients without comorbidities have better prognoses and rarely develop severe systemic complications.

Anesthesia-induced Developmental Neurotoxicity in Pediatric Population.

Anesthetics and sedatives may cause long-term negative neurocognitive consequences in children. Many clinical reports on this subject have had a profound impact on the field of clinical pediatric anesthesiology. Findings from animal models suggest that early exposure to anesthesia might cause neurocognitive impairment and apoptotic cell death in the brain.

Potential postmortem microbial biomarkers of infant and younger children death investigation.

Microbial communities associated with the human body are highly dynamic and reflect the host environment and lifestyle over time. Studies show death is no exception, with data demonstrating similar antemortem and postmortem microbiomes up to 48 h following death. These predictable microbial biomarkers can inform death investigation by helping to estimate the postmortem interval and build models to identify cause and manner of death.

Tonabersat enhances temozolomide-mediated cytotoxicity in glioblastoma by disrupting intercellular connectivity through connexin 43 inhibition.

Glioblastoma cells rely on connexin 43 (Cx43)-based gap junctions (GJs) for intercellular communication, enabling them to integrate into a widely branched malignant network. Although there are promising prospects for new targeted therapies, the lack of clinically feasible GJ inhibitors has impeded their adoption in clinical practice. In the present study, we investigated tonabersat (TO), a blood-brain-barrier-penetrating drug with GJ-inhibitory properties, in regard to its potential to disassemble intercellular connectivity in glioblastoma networks.

Mortality Trends and Causes of Death in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Patients From the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Introduction/aim: Patients with myotonic dystrophy type1 (DM1) have reduced lifespan. This study aimed to quantify mortality risks, and evaluate causes and time trends in DM1.

Methods: We identified 1021 DM1 patients and 15,104 matched DM1-free controls from the United Kingdom (UK) Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Modeling healthcare demands and long-term costs following pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in children, but data on the longitudinal healthcare and financial needs of pediatric patients is limited in scope and duration. We sought to describe and predict these metrics following acute inpatient treatment for TBI.

Methods: Children surviving their initial inpatient treatment for TBI were identified from Optum's deidentified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database (2007-2018).

The role of dystrophin isoforms and interactors in the brain.

Dystrophin is a protein crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of skeletal muscle. So far, the attention was focused on the role of dystrophin in muscle in view of the devastating progression of weakness and early death that characterises Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, in the last few years, the role of shorter dystrophin isoforms, including development and adult expression-specific mechanisms, has been a greater focus.

Prime Editor Gene Therapy and TREX1 Mosaicism in Retinal Vasculopathy with Cerebral Leukoencephalopathy.

TREX1 mutations underlie a variety of human diseases, including retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL or RVCL-S), a catastrophic adult-onset vasculopathy that is often confused with multiple sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Patients with RVCL develop brain, retinal, liver, and kidney disease around age 35-55, leading to premature death in 100% of patients expressing an autosomal dominant C-terminally truncated form of TREX1. We previously demonstrated that RVCL is characterized by high levels of DNA damage, premature cellular senescence, and risk of early-onset breast cancer before age 45.

Clinical features and treatment of stroke-like episodes in mitochondrial disease: a cohort-based study.

Background: Stroke-like episode (SLE) is a subacute evolving brain syndrome in patients with primary mitochondrial diseases. Despite previous research, the understanding of the clinical spectrum, treatment, and outcomes of mitochondrial SLEs is far from complete. In this single centre study, we report the clinical symptoms and radiological findings as well as the medical treatment and outcomes of SLEs in patients with mitochondrial disease.

Brain and brain blood vessels histological description in autopsies of fetuses/neonates born to mothers with hypertension during pregnancy. A case-control study.

Background: Children born to women with hypertension during pregnancy have a two to threefold increased risk of developing cognitive disorders compared to children born to women without hypertension. However, structural changes in the central nervous system of these children remain poorly understood. We aim to compare the brain histological findings from autopsies of neonates and fetuses born to women with and without hypertension during pregnancy.

Prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of disorders of gut-brain interaction in children.

Preclinical data suggest that gestational exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) alter gut innervation, and delays colonic motility. In this study we investigated associations between gestational SSRI exposure and offspring disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI). Using population-based registries, we included all single-birth Danish children born 1997-2015 with follow-up until outcome occurrence, age 15 years, death, emigration, or December 2018.

Burden of disease scenarios by state in the USA, 2022-50: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: The capacity to anticipate future health issues is important for both policy makers and practitioners in the USA, as such insights can facilitate effective planning, investment, and implementation strategies. Forecasting trends in disease and injury burden is not only crucial for policy makers but also garners substantial interest from the general populace and leads to a better-informed public. Through the integration of new data sources, the refinement of methodologies, and the inclusion of additional causes, we have improved our previous forecasting efforts within the scope of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to produce forecasts at the state and national levels for the USA under various possible scenarios.

Association of a Count of Inpatient Morbidities with Two-Year Outcomes among Infants Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To determine if number of neonatal morbidities is associated with death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (sNDI) among infants born extremely preterm who survived to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA).

Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively collected data from 15 NICHD Neonatal Research Network (NRN) centers. Neonatal morbidities and 2-year outcomes were examined for 3794 infants born at 22 to 26 weeks' gestation from 2014 through 2019 who survived to 36 weeks' PMA.

Survival of the fittest? Peak oxygen uptake and all-cause mortality among older adults in Norway.

Objective: To determine the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels needed to avoid the Grim Reaper (Death) among older adults. We hypothesized that an above average peak oxygen uptake (VO) is needed for 70-77-year-old men and women to delay the encounter with Death.

Design: Prospective cohort study.