Preliminary Impact of an Adapted Emotion Regulation Intervention for Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity Attempting to Lose Weight.

Objective: This study examines the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary impact of a program (HealthTRAC) combining 2 efficacious interventions (one targeting emotion regulation [TRAC] and the other a standardized behavioral weight management intervention [SBWC]) to improve weight management outcomes among a sample of adolescents with overweight and obesity.

Method: Adolescents with overweight or obesity (N = 38), ages 13 to 17 years, were enrolled and randomized into either the SBWC or HealthTRAC. Data were collected at baseline (before intervention), at the end of the 16-week intervention (postintervention), and 4 months after completing the intervention (4 months).

Household Chaos Moderates Indirect Pathways Involving Domestic Violence, Parenting Practices, and Behavior Problems among Preschool Children.

Purpose: This study examined the moderating role of household chaos in indirect pathways involving domestic violence (DV), parenting practices (punitive discipline and responsive), and preschool children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms. We hypothesized that high levels of household chaos would amplify links between domestic violence and parenting difficulties, and that parenting difficulties would in turn predict child behavior problems.

Method: Participants in this multimethod (survey, semi-structured interview, child protection records) study included 274 preschool children ( = 50.

Racial/ethnic differences in pediatric asthma management: the importance of asthma knowledge, symptom assessment, and family-provider collaboration.

Background: Asthma disproportionately impacts youth from marginalized minority backgrounds. Aspects of core asthma management (asthma management and medication beliefs) were examined among a cohort of diverse families.

Methods: Caregiver-youth dyads ( = 92; = 13.

Editorial Perspective: Adolescents' fragile sleep-shining light on a time of risk to mental health.

As many other facets of life-biological, behavioral, psychological, cognitive, and social-undergo change during adolescence, so too does sleep. The context of sleep behavior is modified by alterations to underlying bioregulatory processes that challenge sleep's timing, regularity, and quantity. The buildup of sleep pressure during the day gets slower, opening the door for youth to stay awake later; however, the amount of sleep required does not diminish.

Community Health Workers' Role in Supporting Pediatric Asthma Management: A Review.

Objective: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have been effective in improving health outcomes in vulnerable communities by providing health education and management services. We review CHW-led asthma education and management interventions for children and their families. Next, we describe the selection and training of CHWs in pediatric asthma management in the Rhode Island Integrated Response Asthma Care Implementation Program (RI-AIR).

Adversity exposure and obesogenic food consumption in young children: The transgenerational role of emotion dysregulation.

Background: Childhood adversity is linked with unhealthy eating behaviours and obesity, but the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear, specifically the transgenerational behavioural precursors that develop in early childhood.

Objective: To determine whether adversity predicts change in obesogenic food consumption through child emotion dysregulation, and whether caregiver emotion dysregulation modifies this association.

Methods: Participants included 190 low-income caregiver-child dyads (mean child age = 4.

Meta-Analysis of Associations Between Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Genes and Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been of interest in attempts to identify genetic vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although numerous HPA-axis genes have been implicated in candidate gene studies, the findings are mixed and interpretation is limited by study design and methodological inconsistencies. To address these inconsistencies in the PTSD candidate gene literature, we conducted meta-analyses of HPA-related genes from both a traditional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-level analysis and a gene-level analysis, using novel methods aggregating markers in the same gene.

Molecular markers of neuroendocrine function and mitochondrial biogenesis associated with early life stress.

Objective: Glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) promoter methylation influences cellular expression of the glucocorticoid receptor and is a proposed mechanism by which early life stress impacts neuroendocrine function. Mitochondria are sensitive and responsive to neuroendocrine stress signaling through the glucocorticoid receptor, and recent evidence with this sample and others shows that mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) is increased in adults with a history of early stress. No prior work has examined the role of NR3C1 methylation in the association between early life stress and mtDNAcn alterations.

Protective parenting practices among mothers living with HIV and their adolescent children: a qualitative study.

Growing up with a mother living with HIV (MLH) is a unique experience for adolescents. Children in these families often thrive; however, many also exhibit behavioral health problems including HIV risk behaviors. Under a lens of youth risk reduction, we examined the role of protective parenting practices in their lives including parent-child communication about sex, parent-child relationship quality, parental monitoring, and mother-to-child HIV disclosure.

Strategies for longitudinal recruitment and retention with parents and preschoolers exposed to significant adversity: The PAIR project as an example of methods, obstacles, and recommendations.

Longitudinal research with adversity-exposed parents and children can present numerous challenges for researchers. Recruitment and retention of participants in longitudinal research is crucial to understanding complex relations between risk and resilience, as well as developing prevention and intervention programs. To assist the field, this article provides a thorough description of the Preschoolers' Adjustment and Intergenerational Risk (PAIR) project, a study aimed at understanding adversity and resilience in parent-preschooler dyads.

Genomic influences on self-reported childhood maltreatment.

Childhood maltreatment is highly prevalent and serves as a risk factor for mental and physical disorders. Self-reported childhood maltreatment appears heritable, but the specific genetic influences on this phenotype are largely unknown. The aims of this study were to (1) identify genetic variation associated with self-reported childhood maltreatment, (2) estimate SNP-based heritability (h), (3) assess predictive value of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for childhood maltreatment, and (4) quantify genetic overlap of childhood maltreatment with mental and physical health-related phenotypes, and condition the top hits from our analyses when such overlap is present.

Internalizing symptoms and sleep outcomes in urban children with and without asthma.

Study Objectives: This study examines associations between internalizing symptoms and sleep in a sample of urban children with and without asthma, whether asthma status moderates these associations, and whether associations differ by ethnic group.

Methods: Participants were Latino, African American (AA), and non-Latino white (NLW) urban 7- to 9-year-olds with (n = 259) and without (n = 122) persistent asthma. Teacher-reported internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depressive, and somatic) were assessed using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2.

Classifying Pubertal Development Using Child and Parent Report: Comparing the Pubertal Development Scales to Tanner Staging.

Purpose: This project investigated internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the frequently used Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) and compared parent and child reports with clinician-rated Tanner staging.

Methods: Using a repository of data collected from 1995 to 2016, 252 participants (aged 7.8-17.

The Citizen Psychologist Curriculum-Preparing psychologists for public service: The 2018 American Psychological Association Presidential Initiative.

This article describes a curriculum developed as part of the American Psychological Association President Jessica Henderson Daniel's, 2018 Presidential Initiative-The Citizen Psychologist. The curriculum is designed to prepare the next generation of Citizen Psychologists to provide the broadest sense of service as leaders in their communities and in public service psychology. The curriculum prepares the learner to bring psychological knowledge, science, and expertise to bear on existing challenges to improve community well-being locally, nationally, and globally.

Lung Function, Dietary Intake, and Weight Status in Children with Persistent Asthma from Low-Income, Urban Communities.

Objective: Asthma and obesity are prevalent chronic childhood diseases that commonly co-occur in youth from low-income, minority backgrounds. Diet is a known risk factor for obesity; however, its role in asthma/obesity comorbidity is not well established. This analysis examined the association between diet and lung function and effect modification by weight status.

Molecular genetic overlap between posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep phenotypes.

Study Objectives: Sleep problems are common, serving as both a predictor and symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with these bidirectional relationships well established in the literature. While both sleep phenotypes and PTSD are moderately heritable, there has been a paucity of investigation into potential genetic overlap between sleep and PTSD. Here, we estimate genetic correlations between multiple sleep phenotypes (including insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype) and PTSD, using results from the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) to date of PTSD, as well as publicly available GWAS results for sleep phenotypes within UK Biobank data (23 variations, encompassing four main phenotypes).

Racial and ethnic disparities in sleep outcomes among urban children with and without asthma.

Background: Suboptimal sleep has been documented in at-risk groups such as urban minority children, particularly those with asthma. It is therefore critical to examine differences in sleep outcomes across specific racial and ethnic groups and to identify factors that contribute to such variations in sleep outcomes to inform tailored interventions to improve sleep health.

Objectives: The objectives were to examine racial/ethnic differences in sleep outcomes among urban children with and without asthma and to evaluate the extent to which asthma status and aspects of sleep hygiene and the sleep environment contribute to racial/ethnic differences in sleep outcomes in this sample.

Qualitative Assessment of Emotion Regulation Strategies for Prevention of Health Risk Behaviors in Early Adolescents.

The ability to regulate emotions has been linked to a variety of adolescent health risk behaviors, including sexual risk behaviors, especially for adolescents who are experiencing mental health symptoms. However, there is limited information available on intuitive emotion regulation strategies for early adolescents with mental health symptoms to facilitate the adaptation of emotion regulation interventions for psychopathology to health risk behavior prevention. For example, interventions to prevent sexual risk behaviors in early adolescence have yet to specifically target emotion regulation.

Asthma Management Responsibility, Control, and Quality of Life Among Emerging Adolescents.

Objective: To examine how asthma control is related to the association between the division of responsibility for asthma management and asthma-related quality of life among early adolescents.

Methods: Forty-nine youth aged 10-15 years (Mage = 12.25, 57.

Let's Get Digital: Understanding Adolescent Romantic Relationships Using Naturalistic Assessments of Digital Communication.

Adolescent romantic relationships involve complex patterns of interaction. Innovative technological advances offer opportunities to capture features and dynamics of these relationships that traditional research methods have not addressed. With the explosion of digital communication platforms (e.

A pilot prospective study of sleep patterns and DNA methylation-characterized epigenetic aging in young adults.

Objective: Molecular markers in DNA methylation at a subset of CpG sites are affected by the environment and contribute to biological (epigenetic) age. We hypothesized that shorter sleep duration and possibly irregular sleep would be associated with accelerated epigenetic aging. We examined epigenetic vs.

Perceptions of Asthma and Exercise, and Associations With Weight Status and Asthma Morbidity in Urban Children.

Background: Given the high prevalence of asthma and obesity in minority children, there is a need to identify targets for intervention to decrease the impact of these conditions on children's functioning in this high-risk group.

Objective: To examine in urban children with persistent asthma, 1) differences in asthma indicators (eg, FEV1% predicted) by weight status, and by ethnic group/weight status, 2) caregivers' fears about their child's asthma by weight status, and by ethnic group/weight status, and 3) the proportion of children who qualified for exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) via exercise challenge test among those whose caregivers endorse exercise as a trigger for asthma.

Methods: In this sample of urban children (aged 7-9; N = 147), subjective measures included child/caregiver daily report of asthma symptoms and caregiver fears about their child's asthma.

Childhood maltreatment, behavioral adjustment, and molecular markers of cellular aging in preschool-aged children: A cohort study.

Objective: Childhood maltreatment is a major risk factor for the development of behavioral problems and poor physical and mental health. Accelerated cellular aging, through reduced telomere length and mitochondrial dysfunction, may be a mechanism underlying these associations.

Methods: Families with (n = 133) and without (n = 123) child welfare documentation of moderate-severe maltreatment in the past six months participated in this study.

Benefits of Yoga on IL-6: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga for Depression.

The present research sought to examine whether hatha yoga, implemented as an adjunctive intervention for major depression, influences markers of inflammation. A subset of 84 participants who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of hatha yoga vs. health education control provided blood samples at baseline (pre-treatment) and at 3-(during treatment) and 10-week (end of treatment) follow-up visits.