The theory of mind construct in adulthood: perspective taking in relation to language and executive function.

There are conflicting proposals about the underlying structure of the theory of mind (ToM) construct. The lack of clarity impedes attempts to understand relationships between ToM and other cognitive abilities. This study investigated the nature of the ToM construct and its relation to cognitive variables by administering a battery of ToM measurements along with measurements of executive function and general vocabulary to 207 (  = 19.

Comprehensive genome annotation of the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila by in-depth epigenetic and transcriptomic profiling.

The ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila is a well-established unicellular model eukaryote, contributing significantly to foundational biological discoveries. Despite its acknowledged importance, current studies on Tetrahymena biology face challenges due to gene annotation inaccuracy, particularly the notable absence of untranslated regions (UTRs). To comprehensively annotate the Tetrahymena macronuclear genome, we collected extensive transcriptomic data spanning various cell stages.

Manual physical therapy for neck disorders: an umbrella review.

Introduction: Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder, with a prevalence rate (age-standardized) of 27.0 per 1000 in 2019. Approximately 50-85% of individuals with acute neck pain do not experience complete resolution of symptoms, experiencing chronic pain.

Food-Related Control and Person-Centered Care: Influences on Life Satisfaction in Long-Term Care Residents.

Upon entering long-term care (LTC) homes, residents relinquish control over their daily life choices, which may influence life satisfaction. This study explored hypothesized relationships among the concepts of person-centered care, locus of control (LOC), and life satisfaction of LTC residents. Survey data were collected and analyzed from 154 residents of 16 skilled nursing facilities in the Midwest.

Humanizing cancer: The role of anthropomorphism and perceived efficacy in melanoma prevention.

This study investigates how melanoma anthropomorphism (i.e., the attribution of humanlike qualities to melanoma) interacts with individual differences in perceived efficacy to influence attitudes and intentions to perform preventive health behaviors.

Theory of mind and text comprehension across the lifespan: A meta-analysis.

Researchers argue that theory of mind (ToM) abilities are needed for text (listening or reading) comprehension. Although many studies have supported this claim, findings are mixed and researchers have disagreed on how fundamental this relation is-for example, whether ToM and text comprehension are related merely because of shared variance with verbal and executive function skills. To address these issues more definitively, we conducted a meta-analysis examining ToM and text comprehension, which included 47 independent samples with 5,123 participants ranging in age from 3 to 70 years of age ( = 10.

ACGAN for Addressing the Security Challenges in IoT-Based Healthcare System.

The continuous evolution of the IoT paradigm has been extensively applied across various application domains, including air traffic control, education, healthcare, agriculture, transportation, smart home appliances, and others. Our primary focus revolves around exploring the applications of IoT, particularly within healthcare, where it assumes a pivotal role in facilitating secure and real-time remote patient-monitoring systems. This innovation aims to enhance the quality of service and ultimately improve people's lives.

Building a Consortium to Address Graduate Nursing Student Academic Preparedness.

Background: The demand for nurses in advanced practice roles is expected to grow by 38% by 2032. The nationwide faculty shortage is also a concern, as it correlates to the nursing shortage. Successful retention strategies for graduate nursing students can strengthen the rising demand of specialized nursing roles.

The genome and comparative transcriptome of the euryhaline model ciliate Paramecium duboscqui reveal adaptations to environmental salinity.

Background: As a potential model organism for studies of environmental and cell biology, Paramecium duboscqui is a special euryhaline species of Paramecium that can be found in fresh, brackish, or marine water in natural salinity ranges between 0‰ and 33‰. However, the genome information as well as molecular mechanisms that account for its remarkable halotolerant traits remain extremely unknown. To characterize its genome feature, we combined PacBio and Illumina sequencing to assemble the first high-quality and near-complete macronuclear genome of P.

Genes and proteins expressed at different life cycle stages in the model protist Euplotes vannus revealed by both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches.

Sexual reproduction first appeared in unicellular protists and has continued to be an essential biological process in almost all eukaryotes. Ciliated protists, which contain both germline and somatic genomes within a single cell, have evolved a special form of sexual reproduction called conjugation that involves mitosis, meiosis, fertilization, nuclear differentiation, genome rearrangement, and the development of unique cellular structures. The molecular basis and mechanisms of conjugation vary dramatically among ciliates, and many details of the process and its regulation are still largely unknown.

Spectroscopic and solution properties characterization of quaternary ammonium ion containing polycations complexed with fluorescent rhodamine sulfonic acid dyes.

Based on the growing range of applications for polycations in research and commercial materials, a continuing need exists to advance the fundamental knowledge and understanding of this class of materials. Spectroscopic and solution properties characterizations of noncovalently labeled, fluorescent Alexa Fluor® dye complexes of two commercial polycations, poly(2-(trimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) monocation and poly[bis[2-chloroethyl] ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino) propyl] urea] dication are reported to help address this need. A variety of fluorescence spectroscopic methods are used with a special emphasis on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) which is applied to characterize the Stokes radius (R) and equilibrium dissociation constants (K) of dye-polycation complexes at nanomolar dye concentrations.

Development of the Food-Related Control Scale for Long-Term Care.

Objective: Develop and test a Food-Related Control Scale (FRCS) measuring resident-perceived control in long-term care food service.

Design: A bank of 15 initial items based on a multidimensional locus of control construct was developed initially. Expert review, cognitive interviews, a pilot study, and factor analysis were used to validate the instrument and assess reliability.

New insights into physician burnout and turnover intent: a validated measure of physician fortitude.

Background: Given the increasing prevalence of the physician burnout, this study provides new insights into the antecedents driving burnout and turnover intent. By introducing the concept of physician fortitude, we develop a valid and statistically-reliable measure that increases our understanding of these issues.

Methods: A two-sample design was employed.

Increasing Social Support for Women via Humanizing Postpartum Depression.

Women experiencing postpartum depression (PPD) often face the debilitating symptoms of depression as well as the stigmatization associated with having a mental health crisis during motherhood. Accordingly, there have been numerous calls for theoretical-based approaches to reduce the stigma and promote social support for women with PPD. Guided by stigma research, anthropomorphism literature, and attribution theory, this research explored the effect of PPD anthropomorphism (i.

Simultaneous Li-Doping and Formation of SnO-Based Composites with TiO: Applications for Perovskite Solar Cells.

Tin oxide (SnO) has been recognized as one of the beneficial components in the electron transport layer (ETL) of lead-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its high electron mobility. The SnO-based thin film serves for electron extraction and transport in the device, induced by light absorption at the perovskite layer. The focus of this paper is on the heat treatment of a nanoaggregate layer of single-nanometer-scale SnO particles in combination with another metal-dopant precursor to develop a new process for ETL in PSCs.

Optimization of Polycaprolactone and Type I Collagen Scaffold for Tendon Tissue Regeneration.

Introduction Collagen synthesis is vital for restoring musculoskeletal tissues, particularly in tendon and ligamentous structures. Tissue engineering utilizes scaffolds for cell adhesion and differentiation. Although synthetic scaffolds offer initial strength, their long-term stability is surpassed by biological scaffolds.

Bystander Motivations and Barriers to Helping Intoxicated Peers.

We examined the prevalence of self-reported motivations and barriers to helping intoxicated peers among emerging adults (= 377; = 18.64; 75% women, 88% White) attending a Southeastern university and whether motivations and barriers differed by age, gender, race, and class standing. Respondents aged 19-24 were more likely to endorse the motivation item "Because it was your "turn" to be the helper/designated driver (DD) that night" than eighteen-year-olds.

Decryption of the survival "black box": gene family expansion promotes the encystment in ciliated protists.

Background: Encystment is an important survival strategy extensively employed by microbial organisms to survive unfavorable conditions. Single-celled ciliated protists (ciliates) are popular model eukaryotes for studying encystment, whereby these cells degenerate their ciliary structures and develop cyst walls, then reverse the process under more favorable conditions. However, to date, the evolutionary basis and mechanism for encystment in ciliates is largely unknown.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on Heat Transfer Enhancement in Micro Scale Using Helical Connectors.

Microscale electronics have become increasingly more powerful, requiring more efficient cooling systems to manage the higher thermal loads. To meet this need, current research has been focused on overcoming the inefficiencies present in typical thermal management systems due to low Reynolds numbers within microchannels and poor physical properties of the working fluids. For the first time, this research investigated the effects of a connector with helical geometry on the heat transfer coefficient at low Reynolds numbers.

From germline genome to highly fragmented somatic genome: genome-wide DNA rearrangement during the sexual process in ciliated protists.

Unlabelled: Genomes are incredibly dynamic within diverse eukaryotes and programmed genome rearrangements (PGR) play important roles in generating genomic diversity. However, genomes and chromosomes in metazoans are usually large in size which prevents our understanding of the origin and evolution of PGR. To expand our knowledge of genomic diversity and the evolutionary origin of complex genome rearrangements, we focus on ciliated protists (ciliates).