Evaluating causal associations of chronotype with pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and its interactions with insomnia and sleep duration: a mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies suggested chronotype was associated with pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Whether these associations are causal is unclear. Our aims are to use Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore (1) associations of evening preference with stillbirth, miscarriage, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, perinatal depression, preterm birth and offspring birthweight; and (2) differences in associations of insomnia and sleep duration with those outcomes between chronotype preferences.

Association of exposure to second-hand smoke during childhood with blood DNA methylation.

Introduction: By recent estimates, 40% of children worldwide are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS), which has been associated with adverse health outcomes. While numerous studies have linked maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) to widespread differences in child blood DNA methylation (DNAm), research specifically examining postnatal SHS exposure remains sparse. To address this gap, we conducted epigenome-wide meta-analyses to identify associations of postnatal SHS and child blood DNAm.

A bad migrant: An autoethnographic case study of racism in Australian HIV care.

Australia is world renowned when it comes to its successful response to HIV prevention, but their HIV epidemiological trend has shifted towards the increase of new HIV diagnoses among migrants. This paper reveals a neglected determinant of migrants' health within Australian HIV care, and that is: racism. To provoke a debate on the saliency of racism, I used autoethnographic case study to analyse my encounter with racism in Australian HIV care.

Childhood exposure to non-persistent endocrine disruptors, glucocorticosteroids, and attentional function: A cross-sectional study based on the parametric g-formula.

Background: Evidence suggests that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may perturb the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, which has a major role in brain development. We aimed to evaluate the effects of childhood exposure to organophosphate pesticides, phenols, and phthalate metabolites, on urinary glucocorticosteroids and inattention in childhood.

Methods: We used data from the Human Early-Life Exposome (HELIX) cohort (2013-2016) and the parametric g-formula to estimate associations between EDCs, glucocorticosteroids, and hit reaction time standard error (HRT-SE), a measure of inattention, and tested for possible effect modification by sex.

A scoping review of the measurement and analysis of frailty in randomised controlled trials.

Background: Frailty is of increasing interest in trials, either as a target of intervention, as an outcome or as a potential treatment modifier. However, frailty measurement is often highly variable. This scoping review assessed how frailty is quantified in randomised controlled trials (RCTs), in what context and for what purposes.

Improving hospital-based opioid substitution therapy (iHOST): protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation.

Background: Opioid substitution therapy (also known as 'opioid agonist therapy' or 'medication treatment of opioid use disorder') is associated with improved health and social outcomes for people who use heroin and other illicit opioids. It is typically managed in the community and is not always continued when people are admitted to hospital. This causes opioid withdrawal, patient-directed discharge, and increased costs.

The association of Helicobacter pylori with adverse pregnancy outcomes in three European birth cohorts.

Background: Helicobacter pylori is a prevalent infection that may complicate pregnancy, but evidence remains limited, controversial and may not apply to all pregnant women.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes and to identify vulnerable subpopulations.

Study Design: Multiplex serology was utilized to measure blood levels of immunoglobulin G against eight Helicobacter pylori antigens in 1372 pregnant women from three European birth cohorts: BiB (United Kingdom), Rhea (Greece) and INMA (Spain).

Meta-Analysis: Prevalence of Frailty and Associated Adverse Events in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Background: The number of adults aged over 60 years with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing. Frailty, rather than chronological age, may be a better predictor of adverse health outcomes.

Aims: To summarise current knowledge about frailty in adults with IBD including the prevalence and associations of frailty and IBD-related adverse outcomes.

Maternal Enhanced and Critical Care (MEaCC) in Yorkshire and the Humber: regional implementation of an enhanced maternal care pathway and data collection.

Enhanced Maternity Care (EMC) is a new standard of care for women who become unwell during or shortly after pregnancy. Yorkshire and the Humber Maternity Clinical Network established the Maternal Enhanced and Critical Care Group (MEaCC) to create regional guidance with a focus on maternity staff training, development of the MEaCC database and data collection. This article describes the introduction of the MEaCC and regional data collection.

The role of NGOs and humanitarian organizations in enhancing surgical capacity in Africa: lessons learned and future directions-a narrative review.

Introduction: Significant inequities exist in surgical care accessibility across marginalized African communities. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and humanitarian groups are vital in supporting Africa's surgical infrastructure. This narrative review explores the current status of surgical care in Africa, highlighting NGO initiatives, past challenges, and future opportunities.

Mortality, morbidity and educational outcomes in children of consanguineous parents in the Born in Bradford cohort.

Background: Children of consanguineous parents have a higher risk of infant and childhood mortality, morbidity and intellectual and developmental disability.

Methods: Using a UK based longitudinal cohort study we quantify differences according to the consanguinity status of children from birth to 10 in mortality, health care usage, two health and three educational outcomes. The cohort comprises 13727 children; 35.

Presentation and characteristics of children with screen-detected type 1 diabetes: learnings from the ELSA general population pediatric screening study.

Introduction: We describe the identification and management of general population screen-detected type 1 diabetes (T1D) and share learnings for best practice.

Research Design And Methods: Children diagnosed with T1D through a general population screening initiative, the EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes (ELSA) study, were reviewed and described.Parents provided written, informed consent for inclusion in the case series.

Inpatient initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: the prescribing learning curve.

We aimed to describe the safety and tolerability of initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) during hospitalisation with heart failure, and the frequency of, and reasons for, subsequent discontinuation. In total, 934 patients who were not already prescribed a SGLT2i were hospitalised with heart failure, 77 (8%) were initiated on a SGLT2i a median of five (3-8.5) days after admission and two (0.