Frequency and predictability effects for line-final words.

Computational models of eye movement control during reading have revolutionized the study of visual, perceptual, and linguistic processes underlying reading. However, these models can only simulate and test predictions about the reading of single lines of text. Here we report two studies that examined how input variables for lexical processing (frequency and predictability) in these models influence the processing of line-final words.

Do the biological characteristics of trout (Salmo trutta) smolts influence their spring migration timing and maiden marine sojourn duration?

Anadromous salmonids migrate seaward to exploit feeding and growth opportunities in marine habitats, yet how smolt biological characteristics influence their marine migratory behavior remains poorly understood. This study used 9 years of trout (Salmo trutta) population monitoring data from 15,595 tagged age-0+ parr, 1033 smolts detected migrating downstream in spring, and 99 adults detected returning from their first marine migration to the River Frome (Dorset, UK) to investigate the influence of smolt biological characteristics on their migration timing and maiden marine sojourn duration. Age-specific differences in the influence of smolt length on migration timing were found, with longer 1-year-old smolts emigrating later than their shorter counterparts within the same age class, but the opposite association existed for 2-year-old smolts.

House Mice in the Atlantic Region: Genetic Signals of Their Human Transport.

Background/objectives: The colonization history of house mice reflects the maritime history of humans that passively transported them worldwide. We investigated western house mouse colonization in the Atlantic region through studies of mitochondrial D-loop DNA sequences from modern specimens.

Methods: We assembled a dataset of 758 haplotypes derived from 2765 mice from 47 countries/oceanic archipelagos (a combination of new and published data).

Promoting safer gambling through social norms and goal setting: A qualitative process analysis of participants' experiences in the EROGamb 2.0 feasibility trial.

Gambling, though a popular social activity, can lead to addiction and cause significant harm. This study aimed to explore the experiences of 36 low-to-moderate risk gamblers (PGSI score 0-7; 31 male, 5 female; 10 per each intervention arm, 6 per control group) in the 'EROGamb 2.0' feasibility trial ( = 168).

The Effect of Adherence to a Tai Chi Intervention on Quality of Life of Older People Living With Dementia.

Background/objectives: Adherence to exercise programs is required to reap their established benefits and to sustain Quality of Life (QoL). This study explored People Living with Dementia's (PLWD) adherence to a Tai Chi exercise program and its effects on their QoL. The study included assessment of factors affecting adherence to a Tai Chi exercise intervention, causes of nonadherence, and effect of adherence on PLWD's QoL.

Evaluation of Tensile Strength and Repeatability of 3D Printed Carbon Fiber Materials and Processes.

As additive manufacturing (AM) with composite materials becomes more widely used in industry to create high-strength components, it is vital to have quantified material properties that provide designers and engineers accurate data to decide which materials are suitable for their applications. This study replicates the build processes and tensile tests undertaken by AM material manufacturers to compare tensile strengths achieved with those stated on the manufacturers' data sheets. These are important data to research and analyze as either it will corroborate properties given by the manufacturers and provide confidence in the values provided or it will show that the manufacturer's values cannot always be achieved and that designers and engineers must be more critical about the values manufacturers are providing when using the materials in their own applications.

Development and evaluation of a quality improvement educational video on joint contractures for care home staff.

Background: Contractures are a debilitating problem for individuals living in long-term care settings. However, there is a lack of education and training among the care staff regarding the identification of risk factors related to contractures and the preventive strategies that can decrease their development or progression. Addressing this knowledge gap has the potential to improve the quality of care provided to residents in care homes.

Testing the Dispersal-Origin-Status-Impact (DOSI) scheme to prioritise non-native and translocated species management.

Assessing actual and potential impacts of non-native species is necessary for prioritising their management. Traditional assessments often occur at the species level, potentially overlooking differences among populations. The recently developed Dispersal-Origin-Status-Impact (DOSI) assessment scheme addresses this by treating biological invasions as population-level phenomena, incorporating the complexities affecting populations of non-native species.

Implementing digital respiratory technologies for people with respiratory conditions: A protocol for a scoping review.

The value of 'data-enabled', digital healthcare is evolving rapidly, as demonstrated in the COVID-19 pandemic, and its successful implementation remains complex and challenging. Harmonisation (within/between healthcare systems) of infrastructure and implementation strategies has the potential to promote safe, equitable and accessible digital healthcare, but guidance for implementation is lacking. Using respiratory technologies as an example, our scoping review process will capture and review the published research between 12th December 2013 to 12th December 2023.

A worthwhile wager: the ethics of open-label placebo treatment in clinical practice.

There is increasing evidence for the use of open-label placebo (OLP) as an effective and safe treatment for a range of chronic conditions. OLP is generally conceived as an ethical alternative to classic placebo treatment because patients know that they are taking a placebo and are hence not deceived. However, despite its potential benefits and lack of side effects, the paradoxical nature of OLP may make it difficult to propose as a treatment option in clinical practice.

Preserved learning of implicit regularities with predictive social cues in older adults.

Introduction: With ageing there are changes in the ability to orient attention, which affect more endogenous than exogenous orienting. However, orienting attention by the gaze direction of others shares characteristics of both exogenous and endogenous attention and it is unclear how it is affected by ageing. Being able to orient attention by the gaze direction of others is important to establish successful social interactions (i.

1924-2024: First centennial of EEG.

On July 6th of 1924 Hans Berger -a German psychiatrist- first recorded electric signals from the human brainvia scalp electrodes. This date marks the beginning of Electroencephalography. In this review a representative panel of past and present Officers of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) and of its Official Journal briefly summarizes the past, present and future of Electroencephalographic and related neurophysiological techniques' impact and the role of the IFCN in global collaboration, education, standardization, research innovation, and clinical practice.

A qualitative study to explore and identify reasons for dairy consumption and non-consumption among young adults (18-30 years old) in the UK and France.

The aim of this study was to explore and identify why young adults aged between 18 and 30 years in the UK and France do or do not consume dairy products. Several studies have associated dairy products with a healthy diet, and the production of soft dairy, i.e.

Effects of a six-day, whole-diet sweet taste intervention on pleasantness, desire for and intakes of sweet foods: a randomised controlled trial.

Reduced exposure to sweet taste has been proposed to reduce sweet food preferences and intakes, but the evidence to support these associations is limited. This randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of a whole-diet sweet taste intervention for 6 d, on subsequent pleasantness, desire for and sweet food intakes. Participants ( 104) were randomised to increase ( 40), decrease ( 43) or make no change to ( 21) their consumption of sweet-tasting foods and beverages for 6 consecutive days.

Preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE): A transnational scoping review of current radiography practice.

Introduction: Image interpretation by radiographers has gained widespread recognition; however, current evidence provides very limited knowledge of the state and scope of practice transnationally. This study therefore sought to explore the current state and scope of preliminary clinical evaluation (PCE) practice to further understand international best practices in terms of policy, training and education, and practice competence of radiographers when carrying out PCE.

Method: A comprehensive literature search was completed via federated electronic databases (EBSCOhost and Web of Science) and professional radiography platforms for journal articles and policy or practice guidance documents, respectively.

The effect of preoperative interventions on postoperative outcomes following elective hand surgery: A systematic review.

Background: Hand surgery is commonly required for conditions like Dupuytren's disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, and carpometacarpal osteoarthritis. Hand experts agree that patient education and managing expectations can optimise surgical outcomes. With an aging population, and rising rates of diabetes and obesity, a significant increase in elective hand surgeries is anticipated over the next decade.

Unexpected sounds induce a rapid inhibition of eye-movement responses.

Unexpected sounds have been shown to trigger a global and transient inhibition of motor responses. Recent evidence suggests that eye movements may also be inhibited in a similar way, but it is not clear how quickly unexpected sounds can affect eye-movement responses. Additionally, little is known about whether they affect only voluntary saccades or also reflexive saccades.

Effects of Short-Term Annealing on the Thermal Stability and Microstructural Evolution of Oxygen-Free Copper Processed by High-Pressure Torsion.

This study explores the impact of short-term annealing on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of oxygen-free copper subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT). Copper samples were deformed through HPT with varying numbers of turns at room temperature and subsequently subjected to short-term annealing at temperatures of 398 K and 423 K. Microstructural analysis revealed that annealing led to grain growth and a reduction in dislocation density, with samples processed with fewer HPT turns exhibiting more significant grain coarsening.

Creating simple predictive models in ecology, conservation and environmental policy based on Bayesian belief networks.

Predictive models are often complex to produce and interpret, yet can offer valuable insights for management, conservation and policy-making. Here we introduce a new modelling tool (the R package 'BBNet'), which is simple to use, and requires little mathematical or computer programming background. By using straightforward concepts to describe interactions between model components, predictive models can be effectively constructed using basic spreadsheet tools and loaded into the R package.

Digital empowerment in long-term condition management: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the experiences and perceptions of home-based digital health coaching interventions.

Objectives: Globally, the prevalence of long-term conditions (LTCs) continues to rise. The impact of LTCs presents significant challenges for international health and social care systems and continues to be a leading cause of mortality. Despite this, digital health coaching interventions (DHCIs) appear to be a promising strategy for managing chronic disease.

Compression ratio: a novel method to quantify compressibility as a diagnostic measurement in giant cell arteritis.

Objectives: Ultrasonographic assessment of giant cell arteritis (GCA) relies on the demonstration of a non-compressible halo. Several ultrasonographic methods have been developed to quantify arterial wall thickness, however arterial compressibility has not been quantified. This study presents a possible solution for quantifying compressibility to assist in diagnosing GCA.