Prolamellar-body structure, composition of molecular species and amount of galactolipids in etiolated, greening and reetiolated primary leaves of oat, wheat and rye.

The greening and reetiolation process of etiolated leaves of oat, wheat and rye, possessing different types of prolamellar bodies (PLBs), was observed by electron microscopy. Oat is known to possess unusual crystalline PLBs (so-called 'narrow type'). Rye and what, which normally show PLBs with more loosely packed tubules ('wide type') during etiolation, exhibited PLBs of the narrow type after illumination and subsequent reincubation in the dark (=reetiolation).

Evidence for a relationship between malate metabolism and activity of 1-sinapoylglucose: L-malate sinapoyltransferase in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cotyledons.

The control of malate metabolism and stimulation of 1-sinapolyglucose: L-malate sinapoyltransferase (SMT) activity in radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) cotyledons has been studied.

Tissue-distribution of secondary phenolic biosynthesis in developing primary leaves of Avena sativa L.

Primary leaves of oats (Avena sativa L.) have been used to study the integration of secondary phenolic metabolism into organ differentiation and development. In particular, the tissue-specific distribution of products and enzymes involved in their biosynthesis has been investigated.

Tissue distribution of phenylpropanoid metabolism in cotyledons of Raphanus sativus L.

The tissue distributions of sinapic acid esters (1-sinapoylglucose, sinapolyl-L-malate, 6,3'-disinapoylsucrose), kaempferol glycosides, free malic acid and of the enzyme involved in the synthesis of sinapoyl-L-malate, 1-sinapoylglucose: L-malate sinapoyltransferase (SMT), have been investigated in cotyledons of Raphanus sativus L. seedlings. The kaempferol glycosides were mainly localized in the upper epidermis.

Vacuolar localization of 1-sinapolglucose: L-malate sinapoyltransferase in protoplasts from cotyledons of Raphanus sativus.

The distribution of L-malate, sinapic acid esters and 1-sinapoylglucose: L-malate sinapoyltransferase (SMT) which catalyzes the synthesis of sinapoyl-L-malate were examined in preparations of protoplasts obtained from cotyledons of red radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus).

The systematic distribution of ferulic Acid-sucrose esters in anthers of the liliaceae1.

In an anther survey of 157 di- and monocotyledons, two very rare cinnamic acid conjugates-di- and triferuloylsucrose-were found to occur exclusively in the Liliales and most predominantly in the Liliaceae (Tulipeae, Lilieae, Lloydieae). Whereas the triferuloyl ester was found to be abundant in most of the 20 species and cultivars of TULIPA investigated, only the diferuloyl ester could be detected by the applied methods in FRITILLARIA and LILIUM, in 12 and 9 species and cultivars, respectively. Di- and/or triferuloylsucrose could also be detected in one GAGEA and three ERYTHRONIUM species.

Reaggregation of etioplast lipids and the formation of prolamellar bodies and thylakoids: An ultrastructural study.

Etioplasts of dark-grownAvena sativa plants were used to prepare either saponin-free or saponin-containing prolamellar bodies. Lipid extracts from both fractions were studied in reaggregation experiments: extracts containing saponins showed liposomes as well as tubules, while saponin-free samples formed only liposomes. Purified PLB lipids in reaggregation experiments were either studied in the presence or in the absence of saponins.

Enzymatic Synthesis of t,2-di-Sinapoylglucose from 1-Sinapoylglucose by a Protein Preparation from Cotyledons of Raphanus sstivus Grown in the Dark.

Protein preparation from cotyledons of Raphanus sativus seedlings grown in the dark catalyzed the transfer of the sinapoyl moiety of 1-O-sinapoyl-ß-D-glucose to the C-2 hydroxyl group of the glucose moiety of another molecule of 1-O-sinapcyl-ß-D-glucose to form 1,2-di-O-sinapoyl-ß-D-glucopyranose. In this synthesis the 1-O-acyl glucoside was used both as acyl donor and acceptor molecule. Maximal rate of product formation was found to be at pH 7.

Development of 1-O-sinapoyl-β-D-glucose: L-malate sinapoyltransferase activity in cotyledons of red radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus).

Protein preparations from cotyledons of red radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) catalyzed the the formation of depsides between cinnamic acids and L-malate, using 1-O-acyl glucose conjugates as the donors.

Positional Specificity and Fatty Acid Selectivity of Purified sn-Glycerol 3-Phosphate Acyltransferases from Chloroplasts.

Soluble acyl-CoA:sn-glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferases (EC 2.3.1.

Long Distance Transport in Macrocystis integrifolia: III. MOVEMENT OF THO.

Movement of THO and tritium-labeled photoassimilate was studied in intact fronds and frond cuttings of Macrocystis integrifolia following labeling of a mature blade by tritiated water. Both THO and tritium-labeled assimilate moved from the source blade to sink areas at velocities comparable to those recorded earlier for (14)C- and (32)P-labeled compounds. In intact fronds and frond cuttings, THO and tritium-labeled assimilate showed a declining gradient with increasing distance from the source.

Localization of sulfolipid labeling within cells and chloroplasts.

Spinach chloroplasts were purified on gradients of Percoll which preserved envelope impermeability and CO2-dependent oxygen evolution in the light. Application of (35)SO4″ to purified chloroplasts resulted in a light-dependent labeling of a lipid component which was indentified as sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol. Fractionation of chloroplasts showed that after 5 min of labeling most of the newly synthesized sulfolipid was present in thylakoids.

Long-distance transport of sulfur in Nicotiana tabacum.

Sulfur reduction in tobacco plants is a light-enhanced process that predominantly takes place in the leaves rather than the roots. The amount of sulfate reduced in mature leaves can exceed their own requirement and enables an export of reduced sulfur, both basipetal toward the roots as well as acropetal toward the growing parts of the stem. Evidence is presented that translocation of reduced sulfur toward the roots occurs in the phloem.

Long Distance Transport in Macrocystis integrifolia: I. Translocation of C-labeled Assimilates.

Long distance transport of (14)C-labeled photoassimilate was studied in Macrocystis integrifolia Bory. Movement of label followed the source-sink relationship; mature blades closer to the holdfast with young 2 degrees and 3 degrees fronds transported mostly to the base, those closer to the frond apex transported mostly to the apex, and those in intermediate positions transported both acropetally and basipetally. The velocity of movement of (14)C as computed both from study of intact fronds and exudate was in the range of 35 to 72 centimeters per hour and these estimates are on the low side.

Long Distance Transport in Macrocystis integrifolia: II. Tracer Experiments with C and P.

Discs from mature regions of Macrocystis blades picked up significantly more [(32)P]phosphate from the ambient medium than similar discs from young meristematic regions, and this uptake was higher in light than in darkness. Double-labeling experiments with NaH(14)CO(3) and [(32)P]phosphate, using intact fronds as well as cut frond segments, indicated that (32)P was translocated from mature blades to sink regions at velocities of 25 to 45 centimeters per hour, velocities comparable to (14)C translocation velocity in the same material. There was a slight delay in transport of (32)P which may be due to a delay in loading or to a high metabolism of (32)P in the transporting channels.

Experiments on enzymatic acylation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate with enzyme preparations from pea and spinach leaves.

Optimal reaction conditions were investigated for acylation of sn-[U-(14)C]glycerol 3-phosphate in cell-free systems from leaves of Pisum sativum L. and Spinacia oleracea L. With palmitoyl-CoA as acyl donor the major product formed was monoacyl glycerol phosphate.

[Localisation of tryptophan synthetase in etioplasts of Pisum sativum L].

Tryptophan synthetase from buds of pea seedlings is associated with a particulate fraction. By centrifugation on a continuous sucrose gradient and electron microscopy it is shown that the enzyme is localized in etioplasts.

[Localization of mannitol biosynthesis in the marine brown alga Fucus serratus].

Tips of fronds of Fucus serratus L. were exposed to H(14)CO3 in the light for periods of 10, 30, 60, and 180s, fixed in petrol ether at-70° C, and subsequently lyophilized. Pheoplasts (=chloroplasts) were isolated using the nonaqueous technique of Thalacker et al.

[Identification and localisation of tryptophan synthetase in seeds of Juglans regia L].

Cell-free extracts from seeds of Juglans regia synthesize tryptophan from L-serine and indole. Tryptophan synthetase has maximal activity in the range between pH 7 and 8. The enzyme is associated with a particulate fraction (density 1,210 g/ml) which is separated from the mitochondria (density 1,191 g/ml) after isopycnic density centrifugation on a continuous sucrose gradient.

[On the oxidation of glycolate by unicellular green algae].

O2-uptake and CO2-release by a chlorophyll-free, carotenoid-containing mutant of Chlorella vulgaris increase on addition of Na-glycolate by factors of 4-5 and 5-6, respectively (Fig. 1). In an enzyme preparation of that alga (sonification, centrifugation, precipitation with 0-30% (NH4)2SO4, dialysis) activity of glycolate oxidase can be demonstrated by O2-uptake (Fig.

[The formation of serotonin in Juglans regia L].

The serotonin content of growing fruits and of germinating seeds of Juglans regia has been studied. In the embryo 0.4-0.

[On the plastids of Neottia nidus-avis].

The spindle-shaped plastids of the brown saprophytic orchid Neottia nidus-avis contain coiled thylakoids as well as branched thylakoids and swollen thylakoids with stroma-like material.

[On the three-dimensional form of the thylakoid system in chloroplasts].

An investigation of extensive series of adjacent ultrathin sections through the plastids of the Oenothera hybrid Oe. (lamarckianaxhookeri) velans· (h) hookeri with Lamarckiana-plastids and through the plastids of the two parents, Oe. lamarckiana and Oe.