Maternal and psychosocial antecedents of anxiety and depression in extremely low gestational age newborns at age 15 years.

Objectives: The prevalence of many psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety and depression, is higher in individuals born extremely preterm (EP) than in term-born individuals during childhood and adolescence. In this prospective study of adolescents born EP, we examined associations between early-life risk factors (prenatal maternal health conditions, socioeconomic and social factors) and anxiety and depression at 15 years of age.

Methods: We included 682 participants (53.

Emerging trends in cannabis administration for women with chronic pain.

Cannabis use among women who experience chronic pain is on the rise in the United States. However, little is known about women's motives and preferences for cannabis administration. The purpose of this study was to characterize cannabis use among women with chronic pain.

Increased usage of doxycycline for young children with Lyme disease.

Background: The 2018 Infectious Disease Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics stated that up to 3 weeks or less of doxycycline is safe in children of all ages. Our goal was to examine trends in doxycycline treatment for children with Lyme disease.

Methods: We assembled a prospective cohort of children aged 1 to 21 years with Lyme disease who presented to one of eight participating Pedi Lyme Net centers between 2015 and 2023.

Out-of-focus signal rejection for pO measurements using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy.

Two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy has been a key tool for studying cerebral oxygenation in mice. However, the accuracy of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO) measurements is affected by out-of-focus signal. In this work, we applied reconfigurable differential aberration imaging to characterize and correct for out-of-focus signal contamination in intravascular pO imaging.

Malnutrition in Spine Oncology: Where Are We and What Are We Measuring?

Study Design: Scoping review.

Objective: To identify which markers are used as surrogates for malnutrition in metastatic spine disease and which are the most studied outcomes associated with it.

Methods: A scoping review was performed by searching the PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases up to July 2022.

Cholangioblastic Cholangiocarcinoma (NIPBL::NACC1 cholangiocarcinoma): Expanded Morphologic Spectrum and Further Genetic Characterization.

The cholangioblastic variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a distinctive neoplasm that typically affects young women without underlying liver disease. Morphologically, it demonstrates solid, trabecular, and tubulocystic architecture, biphasic small cell-large cell cytology, and immunoreactivity for inhibin, neuroendocrine markers, and biliary but not hepatocellular markers. In 2021, our group identified a characteristic NIPBL::NACC1 gene fusion in cholangioblastic cholangiocarcinoma, and since then ~20 genetically confirmed cases have been reported in the literature.

Digital Marketing Strategies Used to Promote Waterpipe Tobacco Among Retailers and Manufacturers.

Introduction: Waterpipe tobacco (WT) is unique compared to other tobacco products. Retailers and manufacturers may promote WT products using different marketing appeals and sales propositions on popular digital marketing media. This study examined WT digital marketing content in the United States (U.

Attitudes and knowledge for CBT-based psychotherapy among medical students and residents in China: a survey study.

Background/aim: Psychotherapy training for medical students and residents in China is still in development. To establish an appropriate training program, understanding medical students' and residents' current knowledge and attitudes toward psychotherapy is needed.

Methods: One hundred and forty-nine participants, including medical students, residents, and other health providers (HCPs), self-reported their understanding of 18 types of psychotherapy, negative attitude towards cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and their attitude towards psychological interventions and counseling in primary care (APIC-PC) through an online survey.

SIRT2 and ALDH1A1 as critical enzymes for astrocytic GABA production in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with drastically altered astrocytic metabolism. Astrocytic GABA and HO are associated with memory impairment in AD and synthesized through the Monoamine Oxidase B (MAOB)-mediated multi-step degradation of putrescine. However, the enzymes downstream to MAOB in this pathway remain unidentified.

Interpreting positive celiac serology in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes.

Objectives: The association of celiac disease (CD) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is well-established, yet variation exists in screening practices. This study measures the accuracy of early screening with tissue transglutaminase Immunoglobulin A (TTG-IgA) and endomysial antibody (EMA) in newly diagnosed T1DM.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of children with T1DM between 2013 and 2019 with early CD screening and follow-up.

"The Forgotten Minority": Perpetuation of Ableism in Medical Education.

Background: Accounting for approximately 1 in 4 community-dwelling adults in the United States (US), people with disabilities (PWD) experience significant disparities in health care quality, access, and outcomes. At the same time, US physicians have reported feeling unprepared to care for PWD and have revealed significant negative bias about this population.

Objective: To understand how physicians are trained to care for PWD in US medical schools.

Recent trends in scientific research in chest radiology: What to do or not to do? That is the critical question in research.

Hereby inviting young rising stars in chest radiology in Japan for contributing what they are working currently, we would like to show the potentials and directions of the near future research trends in the research field. I will provide a reflection on my own research topics. At the end, we also would like to discuss on how to choose the themes and topics of research: What to do or not to do? We strongly believe it will stimulate and help investigators in the field.

Super-photostable organic dye for long-term live-cell single-protein imaging.

Organic dyes play a crucial role in live-cell imaging because of their advantageous properties, such as photostability and high brightness. Here we introduce a super-photostable and bright organic dye, Phoenix Fluor 555 (PF555), which exhibits an order-of-magnitude longer photobleaching lifetime than conventional organic dyes without the requirement of any anti-photobleaching additives. PF555 is an asymmetric cyanine structure in which, on one side, the indole in the conventional Cyanine-3 is substituted with 3-oxo-quinoline.

Resolving tissue complexity by multimodal spatial omics modeling with MISO.

Spatial molecular profiling has provided biomedical researchers valuable opportunities to better understand the relationship between cellular localization and tissue function. Effectively modeling multimodal spatial omics data is crucial for understanding tissue complexity and underlying biology. Furthermore, improvements in spatial resolution have led to the advent of technologies that can generate spatial molecular data with subcellular resolution, requiring the development of computationally efficient methods that can handle the resulting large-scale datasets.

Initiation and sequencing of guideline-directed medical therapy for heart failure across the ejection fraction spectrum.

Strong evidence supports the importance of rapid sequence or simultaneous initiation of quadruple guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) for substantially reducing risk of mortality and hospitalization. Barring absolute contraindications for each individual medication, employing the strategy of rapid sequence, simultaneous, and/or in-hospital initiation at the time of HF diagnosis best ensures patients with HFrEF have the opportunity to benefit from proven medications and achieve large absolute risk reductions for adverse clinical outcomes. However, despite guideline recommendations supporting this approach, implementation in clinical practice remains persistently low, with less than one-fifth of eligible patients being prescribed the quadruple GDMT regimen.

Surgical Bailout in Patients Undergoing Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Incidence, Trends, and Clinical Outcomes.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) harbors the risk of periprocedural complications that require emergent cardiac surgery, or "surgical bailout." Surgical bailout intends to be lifesaving but is associated with high mortality. This has given rise to discussion on the necessity of surgical backup during TAVR.

Early and Late Outcomes With the Absorb Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold: Final Report From the ABSORB Clinical Trial Program.

Background: The risk-benefit ratio of the Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) may vary before and after 3 years, the time point of complete bioresorption of the poly-L-lactic acid scaffold.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the time-varying outcomes of the Absorb BVS compared with cobalt-chromium everolimus-eluting stents (EES) from a large individual-patient-data pooled analysis of randomized trials.

Methods: The individual patient data from 5 trials that randomized 5,988 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention to the Absorb BVS vs EES with 5-year follow-up were pooled.

Did Finerenone Improve Health Status in the FINEARTS Trial?: A Critical Reevaluation of the Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Heart Failure.

Patient-reported health status is an important assessment of patients with heart failure, but current approaches have substantial methodological and analytical limitations. Changes in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) are commonly presented as a measure of the effect of drugs and devices, most often as the between-group difference in population means or as the odds of showing threshold changes of 5, 10, 15, and 20 points. However, the presentation of mean differences is based on statistical assumptions that are routinely violated in most trials.

Initial Decline in Glomerular Filtration Rate With Finerenone in HFmrEF/HFpEF: A Prespecified Analysis of FINEARTS-HF.

Background: An initial decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) often leads to reluctance to continue life-saving therapies in patients with heart failure (HF).

Objectives: The goal of this study was to describe the association between initial decline in eGFR and subsequent clinical outcomes in patients randomized to placebo or finerenone.

Methods: In this prespecified analysis of FINEARTS-HF (Finerenone Trial to Investigate Efficacy and Safety Superior to Placebo in Patients with Heart Failure), we examined the association between initial decline in eGFR (≥15%) from randomization to 1 month and subsequent outcomes in patients assigned to finerenone or placebo.

Serum Biomarkers of Pulmonary Damage and Risk for Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.

Objective: To investigate baseline and change of pulmonary damage biomarkers (serum Krebs von den Lungen 6 [KL-6], human surfactant protein D [hSP-D], and matrix metalloproteinase 7 [MMP-7]) with rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) progression.

Methods: In the Korean Rheumatoid Arthritis Interstitial Lung Disease (KORAIL) cohort, a prospective cohort, we enrolled patients with RA and ILD confirmed by chest computed tomography imaging and followed annually. ILD progression was defined as worsening in physiological and radiological domains of the 2022 American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Latin American Thoracic Society guideline for progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF).

Psychometric Evaluation of the Scleroderma Skin Questionnaire: A Novel Patient Reported Outcome for Skin Disease in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis.

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Scleroderma Skin Questionnaire (SSQ), a novel patient-reported outcome (PRO) to assess systemic sclerosis (SSc) related skin symptoms.

Methods: The SSQ was administered to 799 adults (mean age 52.7; 82% female) enrolled in the SSc Collaborative National Quality and Efficacy Registry (CONQUER).