The Shifting Public Health Landscape and Virtual Learning Environment: The Effectiveness of Practice-Based Teaching Delivered In-Person, Virtual, and Hybrid.

The pandemic necessitated teaching competencies that allow public health (PH) students to be immediately workforce ready. The shift to virtual learning provided an ideal time to consider pedagogies focused on applied learning opportunities, such as practice-based teaching (PBT). This multi-year, post-test evaluation of one PBT course explored differences in students' competency achievement immediately post-course with different modalities of delivery: fall 2019 in-person ( = 16), summer 2020 virtual ( = 8), and fall 2020 hybrid ( = 15).

The Effectiveness and Flexibility of Practice-Based Teaching: A Long-term, Cross-disciplinary Evaluation.

Objectives: Schools of public health (SPHs) must train students through real-world situations. Practice-based teaching (PBT) uses immediate application for skill development through multiple modes of delivery including virtual collaborations. PBT provides short-term benefits but is less understood long term.

Designing Policy Solutions to Build a Healthier Rural America.

Disparities exist in the health, livelihood, and opportunities for the 46-60 million people living in America's rural communities. Rural communities across the United States need a new energy and focus concentrated around health and health care that allows for the designing capturing, and spreading of existing and new innovations. This paper aims to provide a framework for policy solutions to build a healthier rural America describing both the current state of rural health policy and the policies and practices in states that could be used as a national model for positive change.

A Framework for Practice-Based Teaching in Public Health.

Context: To prepare master of public health graduates for successful application of public health competencies in their careers, accredited schools of public health must identify the knowledge, technical and professional skills needed for practice, and provide opportunities for application of these skills in public health settings.

Program: Practice-based teaching (PBT) is a pedagogical approach where students learn through course instruction while working on a real problem and producing implementable deliverables for a public health agency. Currently, no framework exists for designing, implementing, and evaluating the pedagogy.

Peer Victimization and Sexual Risk Taking Among Adolescents.

Background: Research indicates that victimization exposures are associated with sexual risk-taking behaviors, but there is a relative lack of research on the relation between peer victimization and sexual risk taking among adolescents. This study fills this gap through examining how bullying, cyberbullying, and dating violence victimization at baseline are related to sexual risk-taking behaviors 1 year later.

Methods: Participants were a convenience sample of 220 sexually active high school students who were drawn from a larger sample of 2205 adolescents attending 6 high schools in Illinois.

Perceived consequences of hazing exposure during the first year of college: Associations with childhood victimization.

This study investigates the association between histories of childhood victimization and perceived consequences of college hazing. First-year college students at four US universities ( = 120). Participants completed Web-based surveys asking about childhood victimization (eg, child maltreatment), peer victimization, and perceived consequences of hazing during college.

Engaging critical community resilience praxis: A qualitative study with Mapuche communities in Chile facing structural racism and disasters.

Mapuche are the largest indigenous group in Chile and have survived histories of colonialism, socionatural disasters, and more recently, increasing conflicts with the Chilean state. This study aimed to engage critical theories and examine resilience processes from indigenous perspectives while exploring the impact of racism, intersecting adversities, and ongoing decolonial struggles in Mapuche communities. Decolonial qualitative methods, situational analysis, and community-engaged participatory approaches were utilized in application of a critical community resilience praxis (CCRP).

Development of fine motor skills is associated with expressive language outcomes in infants at high and low risk for autism spectrum disorder.

Background: A growing body of research suggests that fine motor abilities are associated with skills in a variety of domains in both typical and atypical development. In this study, we investigated developmental trajectories of fine motor skills between 6 and 24 months in relation to expressive language outcomes at 36 months in infants at high and low familial risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods: Participants included 71 high-risk infants without ASD diagnoses, 30 high-risk infants later diagnosed with ASD, and 69 low-risk infants without ASD diagnoses.

Children begin with the same start-up software, but their software updates are cultural.

We propose that early in ontogeny, children's core cognitive abilities are shaped by culturally dependent "software updates." The role of sociocultural inputs in the development of children's learning is largely missing from Lake et al.'s discussion of the development of human-like artificial intelligence, but its inclusion would help move research even closer to machines that can learn and think like humans.

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and their Relationship to Drug and Alcohol use in an International Sample of Latino Immigrants.

We identify the prevalence and correlates of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms and their relationship to alcohol and substance use disorders (AUD/SUD) among Latino immigrants in two countries. A screening battery assessing PTSD symptoms (PCL-C), alcohol use (AUDIT), drug abuse (DAST), and psychological measures was administered to 562 Latino immigrants recruited in clinics. We used logistical regression analyses to evaluate the relationship between PTSD symptoms and AUD/SUD.

Evidence for the effectiveness of a national school-based mental health program in Chile.

Objective: Skills for Life (SFL) is the largest school-based mental health program in the world, screening and providing services to more than 1,000,000 students in Chile over the past decade. This is the first external evaluation of the program.

Method: Of the 8,372 primary schools in Chile in 2010 that received public funding, one-fifth (1,637) elected to participate in SFL.

Mental health service use among high school students exposed to interpersonal violence.

Background: Violence-exposed youth rarely receive mental health services, even though exposure increases risk for academic and psychosocial problems. This study examines the association between violence exposure and mental health service contact. The 4 forms of violence exposure were peer, family, sexual, and witnessing.

Sexual risk taking and bullying among adolescents.

Background: Psychological and educational correlates of bullying have been explored extensively. However, little information is available about the link between bullying and sexual risk-taking behaviors among adolescents, though for some youth it may be that sexual risk taking emerges in response to bullying involvement. Associations for both heterosexual youth and those who identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (GLBTQ) should be considered, as should the influence of victimization exposures in other domains.

Forced unilateral nostril breathing (FUNB) effects on the autonomic nervous system: an unsupported claim.

Previous claims that forced unilateral nostril breathing (FUNB) has several specific measurable effects on the autonomic nervous system were examined. Using the technique suggested by Backon, 4 subjects were tested, using an ABABA design. The results did not demonstrate any significant changes in heart rate, pulse amplitude, temperature, skin conductance response, or respiration force as a result of FUNB.