Family History of Modifiable Risk Factors and Association With Future Cardiovascular Disease.

Background A parental history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) confers greater risk of future CVD among offspring. Whether the presence of parental modifiable risk factors contribute to or modify CVD risk in offspring is unclear. Methods and Results We studied 6278 parent-child trios in the multigenerational longitudinal Framingham Heart Study.

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Population health is driven by the forces in the world around us. Those forces, in turn, are determined by a national and global conversation about priorities and values. This highlights the challenges public health faces to achieve its broader aspirations.

Telehealth Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression in persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), but there are significant barriers preventing PwPD from receiving care in person. Telehealth CBT circumvents many of these barriers.

Objectives: We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of telehealth transdiagnostic CBT intervention for depression in PwPD.

Understudied factors in drug-coated balloon design and evaluation: A biophysical perspective.

Drug-coated balloon (DCB) percutaneous interventional therapy allows for durable reopening of the narrowed lumen via physical tissue expansion and local anti-restenosis drug delivery, providing an alternative to traditional uncoated balloons or a permanent indwelling implant such as a conventional metallic drug-eluting stent. While DCB-based treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has been incorporated into clinical guidelines, DCB use has been recently curtailed due to reports that showed evidence of increased mortality risk in patients treated with paclitaxel (PTX)-coated balloons. Given the United States Food and Drug Administration's 2019 consequent warning regarding PTX-eluting DCBs and the subsequent marked reduction in clinical DCB use, there is now a critical need to better understand the compositional and mechanical factors underlying DCB efficacy and safety.

Application of polymersomes in membrane protein study and drug discovery: Progress, strategies, and perspectives.

Membrane proteins (MPs) play key roles in cellular signaling pathways and are responsible for intercellular and intracellular interactions. Dysfunctional MPs are directly related to the pathogenesis of various diseases, and they have been exploited as one of the most sought-after targets in the pharmaceutical industry. However, working with MPs is difficult given that their amphiphilic nature requires protection from biological membrane or membrane mimetics.

Novel plasma exosome biomarkers for prostate cancer progression in co-morbid metabolic disease.

Comorbid Type 2 diabetes (T2D), a metabolic complication of obesity, associates with worse cancer outcomes for prostate, breast, head and neck, colorectal and several other solid tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Emerging evidence shows that exosomes carry miRNAs in blood that encode the metabolic status of originating tissues and deliver their cargo to target tissues to modulate expression of critical genes.

Cross-Sectional Relationships of Proximal Aortic Stiffness and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Adults in the Community.

Background Stiffness of the proximal aorta may play a critical role in adverse left ventricular (LV)-vascular interactions and associated LV diastolic dysfunction. In a community-based sample, we sought to determine the association between proximal aortic stiffness measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and several clinical measures of LV diastolic mechanics. Methods and Results Framingham Heart Study Offspring adults (n=1502 participants, mean 67±9 years, 54% women) with available 1.

The crosstalk within the breast tumor microenvironment in type II diabetes: Implications for cancer disparities.

Obesity-driven (type 2) diabetes (T2D), the most common metabolic disorder, both increases the incidence of all molecular subtypes of breast cancer and decreases survival in postmenopausal women. Despite this clear link, T2D and the associated dysfunction of diverse tissues is often not considered during the standard of care practices in oncology and, moreover, is treated as exclusion criteria for many emerging clinical trials. These guidelines have caused the biological mechanisms that associate T2D and breast cancer to be understudied.

Characteristics and context of fentanyl test strip use among syringe service clients in southern Wisconsin.

Background: Fentanyl adulteration of illicit drugs is a major driver of opioid-involved overdose in the USA. Fentanyl test strips are increasingly used by people who use drugs to check for fentanyl. However, little is known about factors that influence test strip use in this population.

Treatment outcomes and costs of a simplified antiretroviral treatment strategy for hepatitis C among Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immuno deficiency Virus co-infected patients in Ukraine.

Background And Aim: To demonstrate the use of a standard dose of ledipasvir (LDV) and sofosbuvir (SOF), with or without ribavirin, to treat hepatitis C and hepatitis C/HIV co-infection in Ukraine.

Methods: Eligible HCV viraemic adults from two clinics in Kyiv were treated with LDV/SOF with or without weight-based ribavirin for 12 weeks. Clinical assessments were performed at screening and at week 24, and as needed; treatment was dispensed every 4 weeks.

Heritability of dispersal-related larval traits in the clown anemonefish .

A major goal of marine ecology is to identify the drivers of variation in larval dispersal. Larval traits are emerging as an important potential source of variation in dispersal outcomes, but little is known about how the evolution of these traits might shape dispersal patterns. Here, we consider the potential for adaptive evolution in two possibly dispersal-related traits by quantifying the heritability of larval size and swimming speed in the clown anemonefish ().

Randomized Study of Temozolomide or Temozolomide and Capecitabine in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (ECOG-ACRIN E2211).

Purpose: Patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have few treatment options that yield objective responses. Retrospective and small prospective studies suggest that capecitabine and temozolomide are associated with high response rates (RRs) and long progression-free survival (PFS).

Patients And Methods: E2211 was a multicenter, randomized, phase II trial comparing temozolomide versus capecitabine/temozolomide in patients with advanced low-grade or intermediate-grade pancreatic NETs.

Two sides of the same coin: A mixed methods study of Black mothers' experiences with violence, stressors, parenting, and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Due to systemic and structural inequities, the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacts the Black community, along with ongoing anti-Black racism and violence. Violence against women in the home, particularly Black women, was prevalent during shelter in place, along with the additional family responsibilities of Black mothers. Crenshaw's theory of intersectionality (1991) provides a foundation for examining Black mothers' experiences during shelter-in-place mandates.

A Test of Energetic Particle Precipitation Models Using Simultaneous Incoherent Scatter Radar and Van Allen Probes Observations.

Quantification of energetic electron precipitation caused by wave-particle interactions is fundamentally important to understand the cycle of particle energization and loss of the radiation belts. One important way to determine how well the wave-particle interaction models predict losses through pitch-angle scattering into the atmospheric loss cone is the direct comparison between the ionization altitude profiles expected in the atmosphere due to the precipitating fluxes and the ionization profiles actually measured with incoherent scatter radars. This paper reports such a comparison using a forward propagation of loss-cone electron fluxes, calculated with the electron pitch angle diffusion model applied to Van Allen Probes measurements, coupled with the Boulder Electron Radiation to Ionization model, which propagates the fluxes into the atmosphere.

Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances in the Vicinity of Storm-Enhanced Density at Midlatitudes.

This study provides first storm time observations of the westward-propagating medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), particularly, associated with characteristic subauroral storm time features, storm-enhanced density (SED), subauroral polarization stream (SAPS), and enhanced thermospheric westward winds over the continental US. In the four recent (2017-2019) geomagnetic storm cases examined in this study (i.e.

Amplitude Dependence of Nonlinear Precipitation Blocking of Relativistic Electrons by Large Amplitude EMIC Waves.

Recent work has shown that ElectroMagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) waves tend to occur in four distinct regions, each having their own characteristics and morphology. Here, we use nonlinear test-particle simulations to examine the range of energetic electron scattering responses to two EMIC wave groups that occur at low L-shells and overlap the outer radiation belt electrons. The first group consists of low-density, H-band region b waves, and the second group consists of high-density, He-band region c waves.

The COVID-19 pandemic, mask-wearing, and emotion recognition during late-childhood.

Face masks are an effective and important tool to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including among children. However, occluding parts of the face can impact emotion recognition, which is fundamental to effective social interactions. Social distancing, stress, and changes to routines because of the pandemic have also altered the social landscape of children, with implications for social development.

Evaluating the Cardiovascular Risk in an Aging Population of People With HIV: The Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection.

Background People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with an unknown added impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection. We aimed to identify whether HCV coinfection increases the risk of type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI) and if the risk differs by age. Methods and Results We used data from NA-ACCORD (North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design) from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017, PWH (aged 40-79 years) who had initiated antiretroviral therapy.

Blood-Based Fingerprint of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Long-Term Health Outcomes in Young Adulthood.

Background Cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful predictor of health outcomes that is currently underused in primary prevention, especially in young adults. We sought to develop a blood-based biomarker of cardiorespiratory fitness that is easily translatable across populations. Methods and Results Maximal effort cardiopulmonary exercise testing for quantification of cardiorespiratory fitness (by peak oxygen uptake) and profiling of >200 metabolites at rest were performed in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study; 2016-2019).