Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hospital Breastfeeding Care in the US.

Objectives: This study examines the associations between race and ethnicity and receipt of Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) key clinical practices that support breastfeeding in US hospitals.

Methods: National data from 2016 to 2019 CDC PRAMS were analyzed. Our sample included 60,395 mothers who initiated breastfeeding with healthy, term newborns.

Androgen deprivation therapy does not increase rates for reintervention, complication, or infection in primary penile implant or artificial urinary sphincter surgery: a retrospective cohort study from the TriNetX network.

Prostate cancer treatment-related erectile dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence are commonly treated with inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) or artificial urinary sphincter (AUS). Given the association with androgens and penile/urethral health, we aim to evaluate whether patients on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) undergoing IPP or AUS surgery are at increased risk for reintervention, complication, or infection. We queried the TriNetX database for adult males receiving IPP or AUS.

Hallmark discoveries in the biology of non-Wilms tumour childhood kidney cancers.

Approximately 20% of paediatric and adolescent/young adult patients with renal tumours are diagnosed with non-Wilms tumour, a broad heterogeneous group of tumours that includes clear-cell sarcoma of the kidney, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, malignant rhabdoid tumour of the kidney, renal-cell carcinoma, renal medullary carcinoma and other rare histologies. The differential diagnosis of these tumours dates back many decades, when these pathologies were identified initially through clinicopathological observation of entities with outcomes that diverged from Wilms tumour, corroborated with immunohistochemistry and molecular cytogenetics and, subsequently, through next-generation sequencing. These advances enabled near-definitive recognition of different tumours and risk stratification of patients.

APOE4 and sedentary lifestyle synergistically impair neurovascular function in the visual cortex of awake mice.

Reduced cerebral blood flow occurs early in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the factors producing this reduction are unknown. Here, we ask whether genetic and lifestyle risk factors for AD-the ε4 allele of the Apolipoprotein (APOE) gene, and physical activity-can together produce this reduction in cerebral blood flow which leads eventually to AD. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy and haemodynamic measures, we record neurovascular function from the visual cortex of physically active or sedentary mice expressing APOE3 and APOE4 in place of murine APOE.

Predicting falls with ultrasound, physical parameters or fall-risk questions among older adults: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Falls are a significant issue among older adults, leading to morbidity and mortality. Screening for fall risk in the ED is crucial but challenging due to time limitations and patient conditions. Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle loss, is associated with increased fall risk, and ultrasound has been proposed as a non-invasive tool to measure muscle mass in this context.

Antithrombotic resumption after middle meningeal artery embolization or surgery for chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The periprocedural management of antithrombotic medications in patients with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) after middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) or surgical evacuation is uncertain.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted across Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. We pooled proportions and risk ratios (RRs) for the meta-analysis with the corresponding 95% CIs.

Timing and Outcomes of PCI in Conjunction With TAVR With Balloon-Expandable Valves.

Background: The optimal timing for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is debatable.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare outcomes based on the timing of PCI in stable coronary artery disease patients undergoing TAVR.

Methods: Leveraging the STS/ACC TVT Registry and Medicare Linkage, we analyzed patients with stable coronary artery disease undergoing PCI and TAVR between 2015 and 2023 using the SAPIEN 3 balloon-expandable valve platform.

Prognostic Value of Coronary Angiography-Derived Index of Microcirculatory Resistance in Patients With Intermediate Coronary Stenosis.

Background: The association between coronary microcirculation and clinical outcomes in patients with intermediate stenosis remains unclear.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (angio-IMR) in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis.

Methods: This post hoc analysis included 1,658 patients from the FLAVOUR (Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular Ultrasound for Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intermediate Stenosis) trial, with angio-IMR measured in each vessel exhibiting intermediate stenosis.

Anaphylaxis definition, overview, and clinical support tool: 2024 consensus report.

Background: The 2006 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network (NIAID/FAAN) anaphylaxis criteria are widely used in clinical care and research. In 2020, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) published modified criteria that have not been uniformly adopted. Different criteria contribute to inconsistent care and research outcomes.

The impact of buprenorphine prescriber data on geospatial access to treatment in HEALing Communities Study communities, 2022.

Introduction: The location of buprenorphine treatment providers in the United States is pivotal to the understanding of regional factors associated with prescription and uptake. We evaluated how distinct data sources of treatment providers and their associated locations contribute to the differences observed when measuring buprenorphine accessibility.

Methods: We compared buprenorphine treatment provider data from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and data from the behavioral health treatment locator from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) for July 2022.

Randomized Controlled Studies on Smartphone Applications and Wearable Devices for Postoperative Rehabilitation After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Smartphone and wearable technologies are novel devices for monitoring postoperative mobility and recovery in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. This systematic review of the highest-level evidence studies evaluated the advantages of these technologies in postoperative care, specifically focusing on 1) smartphone applications, 2) wearable devices, and 3) their combined use.

Methods: A systematic literature search from July 26, 2015, to June 13, 2024, identified Level-1 and -2 published studies investigating smartphone applications and wearables for monitoring post-TKA recovery.

Sequence variants in HECTD1 result in a variable neurodevelopmental disorder.

Dysregulation of genes encoding the homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) E3 ubiquitin ligases has been linked to cancer and structural birth defects. One member of this family, the HECT-domain-containing protein 1 (HECTD1), mediates developmental pathways, including cell signaling, gene expression, and embryogenesis. Through GeneMatcher, we identified 14 unrelated individuals with 15 different variants in HECTD1 (10 missense, 3 frameshift, 1 nonsense, and 1 splicing variant) with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and epilepsy.

A call to action for disrupting microaggressions, improving interprofessional collaboration, and optimizing outcomes: Nurse leaders have a role.

Background: Microaggressions are pervasive in clinical and academic environments, often unnoticed by those unaware of the privileges and power dynamics tied to socially constructed hierarchies. These subtle manifestations of bias and prejudice are typically directed toward historically marginalized individuals and groups (HMIGs), contributing to a toxic culture that undermines interprofessional communication, collaboration, and healthcare delivery.

Purpose: This article aims to explore the concept of microaggressions and their impact on healthcare environments.

Sub-micrometer scale synchrotron x-ray fluorescence measurements of trace elements in teeth compared with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Background: Elemental analysis of teeth allows for exposure assessment during critical windows of development and is increasingly used to link early life exposures and health. The measurement of inorganic elements in teeth is challenging; laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is the most widely used technique.

Objective: Both synchrotron x-ray fluorescence (SXRF) and LA-ICP-MS have the capability to measure elemental distributions in teeth with each having distinct advantages and disadvantages.

Medical management pathways for Cushing's disease in pituitary tumors centers of excellence (PTCOEs).

Purpose: A recent update of consensus guidelines for the management of Cushing's disease (CD) included indications for medical therapy. However, there is limited evidence regarding their implementation in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate current medical therapy approaches by expert pituitary centers through an audit conducted to validate the criteria of Pituitary Tumors Centers of Excellence (PTCOEs) and provide an initial standard of medical care for CD.

Examining the physical and psychological effects of combining multimodal feedback with continuous control in prosthetic hands.

Myoelectric prosthetic hands are typically controlled to move between discrete positions and do not provide sensory feedback to the user. In this work, we present and evaluate a closed-loop, continuous myoelectric prosthetic hand controller, that can continuously control the position of multiple degrees of freedom of a prosthesis while rendering proprioceptive feedback to the user via a haptic feedback armband. Twenty-eight participants without and ten participants with upper limb difference (ULD) were recruited to holistically evaluate the physical and psychological effects of the controller via isolated control and sensory tasks, dexterity assessments, embodiment and task load questionnaires, and post-study interviews.

The Cross-Sectional Association Between Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

Background And Aims: The prevalence of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease has increased in parallel with a rise in consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), but little is known about their association.

Methods: We cross-sectionally examined associations of UPF with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in 2,458 (mean age 54 years; 55.9% women) community-dwelling adults who completed vibration-controlled transient elastography and a food frequency questionnaire.

Oral Regimens for Rifampin-Resistant, Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible Tuberculosis.

Background: For decades, poor treatment options and low-quality evidence plagued care for patients with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. The advent of new drugs to treat tuberculosis and enhanced funding now permit randomized, controlled trials of shortened-duration, all-oral treatments for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis.

Methods: We conducted a phase 3, multinational, open-label, randomized, controlled noninferiority trial to compare standard therapy for treatment of fluoroquinolone-susceptible, rifampin-resistant tuberculosis with five 9-month oral regimens that included various combinations of bedaquiline (B), delamanid (D), linezolid (L), levofloxacin (Lfx) or moxifloxacin (M), clofazimine (C), and pyrazinamide (Z).

First-Line Mobocertinib Versus Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients With Exon 20 Insertion-Positive Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Phase III EXCLAIM-2 Trial.

Purpose: Mobocertinib is an oral epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This open-label, phase III trial (EXCLAIM-2: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04129502) compared mobocertinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment of ex20ins+ advanced/metastatic NSCLC.

Modified musculofascial lengthening technique for submuscular ulnar nerve transposition in cubital tunnel syndrome.

Objective: Cubital tunnel syndrome is a common peripheral neuropathy of the upper extremity. Anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve is an established surgical treatment option for this condition. This study aimed to introduce a novel musculofascial lengthening technique that uses only a portion of the flexor-pronator muscle mass for submuscular anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve and investigate its clinical outcomes.

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery in Pediatric Patients: Society of Pediatric Anesthesia Improvement Network.

Background: Optimal perioperative pain management is unknown for adolescent patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The study aimed to determine the association of nerve blocks with short- and long-term pain outcomes and factors influencing self-reported neurological symptoms.

Methods: We performed a multisite, prospective observational study of adolescent patients undergoing ACLR.

Simultaneous Unbinned Differential Cross-Section Measurement of Twenty-Four Z+jets Kinematic Observables with the ATLAS Detector.

Z boson events at the Large Hadron Collider can be selected with high purity and are sensitive to a diverse range of QCD phenomena. As a result, these events are often used to probe the nature of the strong force, improve Monte Carlo event generators, and search for deviations from standard model predictions. All previous measurements of Z boson production characterize the event properties using a small number of observables and present the results as differential cross sections in predetermined bins.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Pediatric Counseling on Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Weight: A Secondary Analysis of the BP-CATCH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Pediatric obesity and hypertension are highly correlated. To mitigate both conditions, provision of counseling on nutrition, lifestyle, and weight to children with high blood pressure (BP) measurements is recommended.

Objective: To examine racial and ethnic disparities in receipt of nutrition, lifestyle, and weight counseling among patients with high BP at pediatric primary care visits stratified by patients' weight status.

Smoking's Impact on 30-Day Complications in Mesh and Nonmesh Prolapse Surgery.

Importance: Tobacco smoking is linked to poor surgical outcomes, leading many physicians to avoid synthetic implants like mesh in smokers due to concerns about impaired healing. While long-term outcomes for smokers have been studied, the effect of smoking on 30-day postoperative complications, especially related to surgical mesh, is less understood.

Objectives: This study aimed to quantify the association between tobacco smoking and risk of postoperative infection, readmission, and reoperation within 30 days of minimally invasive apical prolapse repair.

CMRxRecon2024: A Multimodality, Multiview k-Space Dataset Boosting Universal Machine Learning for Accelerated Cardiac MRI.

. The released CMRxRecon2024 dataset is currently the largest and most protocol-diverse publicly available k-space dataset including multi-modality and multi-view cardiac MRI data from 330 healthy volunteers, and each one covers standardized and commonly used clinical protocols. ©RSNA, 2025.