Focus on the use of antidepressants to treat pediatric functional abdominal pain: current perspectives.

Chronic abdominal pain is frequently encountered in pediatric practice. A large proportion of cases meet Rome criteria for abdominal pain-functional gastrointestinal disorders (AP-FGIDs). These disorders are costly and, in some cases, lead to impairment of daily functioning and overall quality of life.

Early-Emerging Sulcal Patterns Are Atypical in Fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease.

Fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD) have third trimester alterations in cortical development on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the intersulcal relationships contributing to global sulcal pattern remain unknown. This study applied a novel method for examining the geometric and topological relationships between sulci to fetal brain MRIs from 21-30 gestational weeks in CHD fetuses (n = 19) and typically developing (TD) fetuses (n = 17).

A Hazardous Materials Educational Curriculum Improves Pediatric Emergency Department Staff Skills.

Objective: Emergency department (ED) providers require competency in responding to hazardous materials (HAZMAT) events. The optimal strategies to teach HAZMAT response principles to ED providers and to ensure skill retention are not known. Our aim was to design, implement, and evaluate a multifaceted, interprofessional educational curriculum for pediatric ED staff to improve their skills, knowledge, and confidence in responding to a HAZMAT event.

Does Point-of-care Ultrasound Affect Patient and Caregiver Satisfaction for Children Presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department?

Objectives: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) may facilitate the diagnosis and management of children for various conditions. Integration of POCUS into clinical care requires hands-on training; however, providers may be reluctant to perform educational ultrasounds to improve their skills, as it is a procedure without direct clinical benefit to the patient and due to concerns that it may lower a family's overall satisfaction. We sought to evaluate whether the use of POCUS changed overall patient/caregiver satisfaction in a pediatric emergency department (ED) visit.

Focusing in on use of pharmacokinetic profiles in routine hemophilia care.

Background: Emergence of population pharmacokinetic models for prediction of individual pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles facilitates individualization of prescribed prophylactic therapy for patients with hemophilia A and B and may have a favorable impact on clinical outcomes and annual factor utilization. How providers approach the integration and application of these data into routine clinical practice is not clear.

Objective: To explore the potential application of and barriers to incorporating PK profiles into current hemophilia prophylaxis decision making.

Performing and interpreting individual pharmacokinetic profiles in patients with Hemophilia A or B: Rationale and general considerations.

Objectives: In a separate document, we have provided specific guidance on performing individual pharmacokinetic (PK) studies using limited samples in persons with hemophilia with the goal to optimize prophylaxis with clotting factor concentrates. This paper, intended for clinicians, aims to describe how to interpret and apply PK properties obtained in persons with hemophilia.

Methods: The members of the Working Party on population PK (PopPK) of the ISTH SSC Subcommittee on Factor VIII and IX and rare bleeding disorders, together with additional hemophilia and PK experts, completed a survey and ranking exercise whereby key areas of interest in the field were identified.

A spatial genetics approach to inform vector control of tsetse flies () in Northern Uganda.

Tsetse flies (genus ) are the only vector for the parasitic trypanosomes responsible for sleeping sickness and nagana across sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, the tsetse fly is responsible for transmission of the parasite in 90% of sleeping sickness cases, and co-occurrence of both forms of human-infective trypanosomes makes vector control a priority. We use population genetic data from 38 samples from northern Uganda in a novel methodological pipeline that integrates genetic data, remotely sensed environmental data, and hundreds of field-survey observations.

WASP-mediated regulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages is IL-10 dependent and is critical for intestinal homeostasis.

Mutations in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) cause autoimmune sequelae including colitis. Yet, how WASP mediates mucosal homeostasis is not fully understood. Here we show that WASP-mediated regulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages is critical for mucosal homeostasis and immune tolerance.

Indomethacin induced ductus arteriosus closure in midgestation fetus.

This article reports a rare but potentially serious complication of ductus arteriosus closure resulting from second-trimester indomethacin exposure. Serial echocardiograms are indicated to monitor for development of right heart dysfunction and to ensure delivery prior to the onset of right heart failure and hydrops fetalis.

Graph theory analysis of cortical thickness networks in adolescents with d-transposition of the great arteries.

Objective: Adolescents with d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) who had the arterial switch operation in infancy have been found to have structural brain differences compared to healthy controls. We used cortical thickness measurements obtained from structural brain MRI to determine group differences in global brain organization using a graph theoretical approach.

Methods: Ninety-two d-TGA subjects and 49 controls were scanned using one of two identical 1.

Utility of Adjunctive Procedures With Balloon Dilation of the Eustachian Tube.

Objective: To assess the role and effect of concomitant adjunctive procedures when combined with balloon dilation of the Eustachian tube (BDET), including a new technique for treating obstructive disease within the bony Eustachian tube (ET).

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary medical center.

Management and outcomes of congenital chylothorax in the neonatal intensive care unit: A case series.

Importance: Congenital chylothorax is a rare condition with pulmonary and multiorgan system effects, for which there are no standardized treatment recommendations. Collective review of known cases offers some conclusions and suggestions for treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to present a case series of 5 patients who were treated in the neonatal intensive care unit with chylothorax.

Human amnion cells reverse acute and chronic pulmonary damage in experimental neonatal lung injury.

Background: Despite advances in neonatal care, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant contributor to infant mortality and morbidity. While human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) have shown promise in small and large animal models of BPD, there is scarce information on long-term benefit and clinically relevant questions surrounding administration strategy remain unanswered. In assessing the therapeutic potential of hAECs, we investigated the impact of cell dosage, administration routes and timing of treatment in a pre-clinical model of BPD.