Survey of Urogynecology Fellows on the Care of Patients with Differences in Sex Development/Intersex Traits.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Patients with differences in sex development or intersex traits (DSD/I) struggle to find clinically competent care in adulthood. We sought to describe the surgical exposure of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery (URPS) fellows who had previously trained in ObGyn (URPS-Gyn) to patients with DSD/I and their interest in performing 18 relevant procedures. We hypothesized that most graduating fellows would not have had exposure to many of the surgeries.

Using minimally invasive tissue sampling (MITS) and Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) to establish etiologies of community respiratory deaths among Zambian infants and children.

In low-to-middle income countries, acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) remains the leading infectious cause of death among infants and children under 5 years old. Case-control studies based on upper respiratory sampling have informed current understandings of ALRI etiologies; in contrast, minimally-invasive tissue sampling (MITS) offers a method of directly interrogating lower respiratory tract pathogens to establish etiologic distributions. This study performed in the post-mortem setting used MITS and a Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) panel to elucidate causes of fatal pneumonia in the community in Lusaka, Zambia.

We Should Perform a Systematic Evaluation of the Placenta.

Despite its critical importance, the placenta receives substantially less attention during obstetric ultrasound examinations compared to the fetus. The evaluation of the placenta is typically limited to determining its location within the uterus, particularly its relationship to the cervix. Abnormal placenta findings are the result of gross anomalies identified by chance during obstetric examinations, rather than from a systematic evaluation.

Serum Phosphorus and Hypophosphatemia During Therapy of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children: Single-Center, Retrospective Cohort 2016-2022.

Objectives: To assess factors associated with serum phosphorus (P) and hypophosphatemia in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treated for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Community-based PICU in a university-affiliated hospital.

Using Implementation Science to Assess Barriers to Agreement on Sedation Goal Setting and Assessment.

Objectives: Sedation assessment and goal setting using a validated assessment tool are key components of the ICU Liberation bundle. Appropriate integration of these bundle elements into daily practice remains challenging. Understanding barriers is an important step toward implementation of these best practice bundle elements.

The Moderating Role of Ethnicity on Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms and Pain Catastrophizing in Hispanic/Latinx and Non-Hispanic/Latinx White Youth with Chronic Pain.

Objectives: Chronic pain (CP) significantly impacts emotional and physical well-being and overall quality of life across diverse populations in the United States (U.S.).

Advancing Monogenic Diabetes Research and Clinical Care by Creating a Data Commons: The Precision Diabetes Consortium (PREDICT).

Monogenic diabetes mellitus (MDM) is a group of relatively rare disorders caused by pathogenic variants in key genes that result in hyperglycemia. Lack of identified cases, along with absent data standards, and limited collaboration across institutions have hindered research progress. To address this, the UChicago Monogenic Diabetes Registry (UCMDMR) and UChicago Data for the Common Good (D4CG) created a national consortium of MDM research institutions called the PREcision DIabetes ConsorTium (PREDICT).

Anti-Mesothelin CAR-NK cells as a novel targeted therapy against cervical cancer.

Resistance to the currently available treatment paradigms is one of the main factors that contributes to poor outcomes in patients with advanced cervical cancer. Novel targeted therapy approaches might enhance the patient's treatment outcome and are urgently needed for this malignancy. While chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR)-based adoptive immunotherapy displays a promising treatment strategy for liquid cancers, their use against cervical cancer is largely unexplored.

Surgical management of ovarian fibromas in young patients with Gorlin syndrome: a case series and review of the literature.

Objective: To characterize the presentation and surgical management of ovarian fibromas among a case series of pediatric and adolescent patients with Gorlin syndrome.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary-care hospital.

Sternotomy or thoracotomy for neonatal repair of coarctation of the aorta with aortic arch hypoplasia.

Objective: For neonatal repair of coarctation of the aorta, patients may either undergo thoracotomy with extended end-to-end anastomosis or sternotomy for aortic arch reconstruction with cardiopulmonary bypass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of the 2 approaches in patients with arch hypoplasia.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study from July 2005 through May 2022 of patients who underwent neonatal repair for isolated coarctation of the aorta with additional arch hypoplasia.

Intraoperative cardiac arrest in patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.

Objective: To describe intraoperative cardiac arrest in patients undergoing congenital heart surgery.

Methods: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database was queried. Predictors of intraoperative cardiac arrest were assessed using univariate and multivariable analyses.

Attitudes toward scale-up of an Intensive Combination Approach to Rollback the Epidemic in Nigerian adolescents (iCARE) intervention for youth in Nigeria: results of a mixed methods early-implementation study.

Background: Youth living with HIV (YLH) are disproportionately impacted by HIV with poor outcomes along the entire HIV care continuum. In a 2020-2022 pilot study, iCARE Nigeria, successfully tested a combination intervention incorporating mobile health technology and peer navigation to: 1) improve testing and linkage to HIV care for young men, especially young men who have sex with men (YMSM) and 2) improve medication adherence and treatment outcomes for YLH. The intervention was scaled up to 5 sites in 3 Nigerian cities.

The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models.

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly being adopted in healthcare, necessitating standardized reporting guidelines. We present transparent reporting of a multivariable model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD)-LLM, an extension of the TRIPOD + artificial intelligence statement, addressing the unique challenges of LLMs in biomedical applications. TRIPOD-LLM provides a comprehensive checklist of 19 main items and 50 subitems, covering key aspects from title to discussion.

Targeting macrophages in cancer immunotherapy: Frontiers and challenges.

Background: Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a groundbreaking approach in cancer treatment, primarily realized through the manipulation of immune cells, notably T cell adoption and immune checkpoint blockade. Nevertheless, the manipulation of T cells encounters formidable hurdles. Macrophages, serving as the pivotal link between innate and adaptive immunity, play crucial roles in phagocytosis, cytokine secretion, and antigen presentation.

Integrative analysis of miRNAs and proteins in plasma extracellular vesicles of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.

Background And Aims: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic disease that leads to early-onset atherosclerosis. Causative mutations in FH-related genes are found in 60-80 % of patients, while epigenetic factors may contribute to mutation-negative cases. This study analyzed miRNAs and proteins from plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) of FH patients to explore their contribution in FH diagnosis.

Categorizing Hospitals by Neonatal and Pediatric Diagnoses Treated.

Background: Traditional classification of children's and nonchildren's hospitals is based on physical structure and branding. We grouped hospitals with the most similar types of pediatric patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 2.

Neuromodulation Strategies in Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Practical Clinical Guidance from the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium.

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple drug-resistant seizure types, cognitive impairment, and distinctive electroencephalographic patterns. Neuromodulation techniques, including vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and responsive neurostimulation (RNS), have emerged as important treatment options for patients with LGS who do not respond adequately to antiseizure medications. This review, developed with input from the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium (PERC) LGS Special Interest Group, provides practical guidance for clinicians on the use of these neuromodulation approaches in patients with LGS.

Genetic Test Utilization and Cost among Families of Children Evaluated for Genetic Conditions: An Analysis of USA Commercial Claims Data.

Introduction: Healthcare payers in the USA increasingly cover genetic testing, including exome sequencing (ES), for pediatric indications. Analysis of claims data enables understanding of utilization and costs in real-world settings. The objective of this study was to describe genetic test utilization, diagnostic outcomes, and costs for children who received ES as well as for those who received less comprehensive forms of genetic testing, along with their families.

Cross-modal contrastive learning for unified placenta analysis using photographs.

The placenta is vital to maternal and child health but often overlooked in pregnancy studies. Addressing the need for a more accessible and cost-effective method of placental assessment, our study introduces a computational tool designed for the analysis of placental photographs. Leveraging images and pathology reports collected from sites in the United States and Uganda over a 12-year period, we developed a cross-modal contrastive learning algorithm consisting of pre-alignment, distillation, and retrieval modules.