Estimated Number of Lifetime Ovulatory Years and Its Determinants in Relation to Levels of Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers.

Reproductive events, such as ovulation, trigger an inflammatory cascade. Few studies have examined their long-term influence on inflammatory profiles. We included 3,393 premenopausal and 3,915 postmenopausal women with intact ovaries/uterus from the Nurses' Health studies (Nurses' Health Study (1989-1990) and Nurses' Health Study II (1996-1999)) in an analysis of the association between lifetime ovulatory years (LOY) and levels of inflammatory biomarkers.

Adolescent Endometriosis: An Update.

Endometriosis is the leading pathologic cause of dysmenorrhea and chronic pelvic pain among adolescents. The appearance of endometriosis in adolescents may be different from that in female adults, resulting in delayed recognition and intervention. This article addresses the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of endometriosis in the adolescent.

The association between endometriosis and autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic gynaecological disorder that affects 2-10% of women of reproductive age. The aetiology of endometriosis is largely under-explored, yet abnormalities in the immune system have been suggested to explain the origin of ectopic endometrial tissues, and an association between endometriosis and autoimmune diseases has been proposed. Evaluation of current evidence investigating the association between endometriosis and autoimmune diseases from population-based studies will facilitate our understanding of the causes and consequences of endometriosis and provide a reference for better healthcare practices population-wide.

Surgical Management of Superficial Peritoneal Adolescent Endometriosis.

Background: Adolescent endometriosis typically presents as stage I with superficial peritoneal disease and less commonly as stage III or IV with deeply infiltrative disease. Endometriosis lesions can be destroyed (cautery or laser), cutting out the discrete lesion with excision and destroyed, or radically excised with removal of the lesion and surrounding tissue. It has been shown to be beneficial to excise deeply infiltrative disease to improve pain.

Clinical diagnosis of endometriosis: a call to action.

Endometriosis can have a profound impact on women's lives, including associated pain, infertility, decreased quality of life, and interference with daily life, relationships, and livelihood. The first step in alleviating these adverse sequelae is to diagnose the underlying condition. For many women, the journey to endometriosis diagnosis is long and fraught with barriers and misdiagnoses.

The Impact of Endometriosis on Quality of Life in Adolescents.

Purpose: While endometriosis is recognized to have a high patient burden for adults, the level of morbidity it causes for adolescents has been understudied, and may be minimized by clinicians. The purpose of this study was to determine whether endometriosis has a significant impact on quality of life (QOL) for adolescents and young adults.

Methods: Five hundred and sixty-seven participants (360 cases and 207 controls) aged <25 years old who are enrolled in the Women's Health Study: From Adolescence to Adulthood longitudinal study were included in this analysis.

Risk for and consequences of endometriosis: A critical epidemiologic review.

Endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. Characteristics robustly associated with a greater risk for endometriosis include early age at menarche, short menstrual cycle length, and lean body size, whereas greater parity has been associated with a lower risk. Relationships with other potential characteristics including physical activity, dietary factors, and lactation have been less consistent, partially because of the need for rigorous data collection and a longitudinal study design.

Prevalence of migraines in adolescents with endometriosis.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and experience of migraines in adolescents with surgically confirmed endometriosis compared with those without endometriosis.

Design: Cross-sectional study conducted within The Women's Health Study: From Adolescence to Adulthood-an ongoing longitudinal cohort.

Setting: Boston Center for Endometriosis.

Long-Term Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists and Add-Back in Adolescent Endometriosis.

Study Objective: To explore the potential occurrence of long-term side effects and tolerability of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) plus 2 different add-back regimens in adolescent patients with endometriosis.

Design: Follow-up questionnaire sent in 2016 to patients who participated in a drug trial between 2008 and 2012.

Setting: Tertiary care center in Boston, Massachusetts.

Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Clinical Management.

Purpose Of Review: Endometriosis is a disease of adolescents and reproductive-aged women characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and commonly associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Here we review the epidemiology of endometriosis as well as potential biomarkers for detection and with the goal of highlighting risk factors that could be used in combination with biomarkers to identify and treat women with endometriosis earlier..

Spectrum of symptoms in women diagnosed with endometriosis during adolescence vs adulthood.

Background: Endometriosis symptoms often start at a young age, and the time between symptom onset and endometriosis diagnosis can be several years. It is not clear whether the symptoms that are experienced by adolescents differ from adults. Better understanding may shorten the often lengthy delay in diagnosis.

Lifestyle and Reproductive Factors and Ovarian Cancer Risk by p53 and MAPK Expression.

One model of ovarian cancer development model divides tumors into two types. Type I tumors are characterized by and mutations, which can activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Type II tumors are characterized by tubal precursor lesions with p53 mutations.

Differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells express markers of human endometrium.

Background: Modeling early endometrial differentiation is a crucial step towards understanding the divergent pathways between normal and ectopic endometrial development as seen in endometriosis.

Methods: To investigate these pathways, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and embryoid bodies (EBs) were differentiated in standard EB medium (EBM). Immunofluorescence (IF) staining and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect expression of human endometrial cell markers on differentiating cells, which were sorted into distinct populations using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS).

Bladder Involvement in Stage I Endometriosis.

Background: Endometriosis-the ectopic implantation of endometrial-like tissue-affects 10% of adolescent females and adults. Bladder involvement, causing dysuria and hematuria, occurs in a very small number of endometriosis patients.

Case: The patient presented at age 12 years with dysuria and pelvic pain.

A prospective cohort study of oral contraceptive use and ovarian cancer among women in the United States born from 1947 to 1964.

Purpose: Oral contraceptives (OCs) have been consistently associated with a reduced ovarian cancer risk; however, most previous studies included women in older birth cohorts using high-dose OC formulations. We assessed OC use, including type and dose, and ovarian cancer risk among women born between 1947 and 1964 using more recent formulations.

Methods: We included 110,929 Nurses' Health Study II participants.

Hepatic Adenomas in Adolescents and Young Women with Endometriosis Treated with Norethindrone Acetate.

Background: Endometriosis-ectopic implantation of endometrial-like tissue-affects 10% of female adolescents and adults. First-line treatment includes progesterone only (such as norethindrone acetate [NET-A]) or combined estrogen/progestin oral contraceptive pills. Estrogen-containing contraceptives confer increased risk of hepatic adenomas, whereas the association with NET-A is very rarely reported.

The Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Combined with Add-Back Therapy on Quality of Life for Adolescents with Endometriosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Objective: Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) to treat endometriosis can cause mood and vasomotor side effects. "Add-back therapy," the combination of low-dose hormones, limits side effects but research is limited to adults. We sought to characterize quality of life (QOL) before treatment and to compare an add-back regimen of norethindrone acetate (NA) with conjugated estrogens (CEE) to NA alone for preventing side effects of GnRHa therapy in female adolescents with endometriosis.

Safety in reproductive medicine: breadth, depth and discovery.

In this issue of Human Reproduction, a debate article presents a charge to balance effectiveness and safety in Reproductive Medicine. This debate contribution applauds the dialogue opened and constructive opinions that are presented. However, several additional issues are suggested for consideration.

Hormonal Add-Back Therapy for Females Treated With Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist for Endometriosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To assess whether add-back therapy with norethindrone acetate or norethindrone acetate plus conjugated equine estrogens is superior to maintain bone health in adolescents and young women using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for endometriosis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists are associated with deleterious effects on bone. Hormonal add-back may mitigate these effects.

World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonization Project: II. Clinical and covariate phenotype data collection in endometriosis research.

Objective: To harmonize the collection of nonsurgical clinical and epidemiologic data relevant to endometriosis research, allowing large-scale collaboration.

Design: An international collaboration involving 34 clinical/academic centers and three industry collaborators from 16 countries on five continents.

Setting: In 2013, two workshops followed by global consultation, bringing together 54 leaders in endometriosis research.

World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonization Project: III. Fluid biospecimen collection, processing, and storage in endometriosis research.

Objective: To harmonize standard operating procedures (SOPs) and standardize the recording of associated data for collection, processing, and storage of fluid biospecimens relevant to endometriosis.

Design: An international collaboration involving 34 clinical/academic centers and 3 industry collaborators from 16 countries on 5 continents.

Setting: In 2013, 2 workshops were conducted, followed by global consultation, bringing together 54 leaders in endometriosis research and sample processing worldwide.

World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project: IV. Tissue collection, processing, and storage in endometriosis research.

Objective: To harmonize standard operating procedures (SOPs) and standardize the recording of associated data for collection, processing, and storage of human tissues relevant to endometriosis.

Design: An international collaboration involving 34 clinical/academic centers and three industry collaborators from 16 countries on five continents.

Setting: In 2013, two workshops were conducted followed by global consultation, bringing together 54 leaders in endometriosis research and sample processing from around the world.

World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project: I. Surgical phenotype data collection in endometriosis research.

Objective: To standardize the recording of surgical phenotypic information on endometriosis and related sample collections obtained at laparoscopy, allowing large-scale collaborative research into the condition.

Design: An international collaboration involving 34 clinical/academic centers and three industry collaborators from 16 countries.

Setting: Two workshops were conducted in 2013, bringing together 54 clinical, academic, and industry leaders in endometriosis research and management worldwide.