The Neurodiversity Framework in Medicine: On the Spectrum.

The term "neurodiversity" refers to the natural heterogeneity in human neurological functioning, which includes neurodevelopmental differences and other mental health conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder [ASD], attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], dyslexia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and depression).

Could metabolic imaging and artificial intelligence provide a novel path to non-invasive aneuploidy assessments? A certain clinical need.

Pre-implantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) via embryo biopsy helps in embryo selection by assessing embryo ploidy. However, clinical practice needs to consider the invasive nature of embryo biopsy, potential mosaicism, and inaccurate representation of the entire embryo. This creates a significant clinical need for improved diagnostic practices that do not harm embryos or raise treatment costs.

Central arterial stiffness in young adults with perinatal HIV exposure & infection.

Objective: To compare arterial stiffness between young adults with perinatally acquired HIV (YAPHIV) and young adults perinatally HIV exposed but uninfected (YAPHEU).

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of pulse wave velocity (PWV) measures among participants with echocardiography in the PHACS Cardiac Toxicity Substudy.

Methods: A total of 150 participants (95 YAPHIV, 55 YAPHEU, mean 23.

Expression Patterns of DLL3 Across Neuroendocrine and Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms Reveal Broad Opportunities for Therapeutic Targeting.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) encompass a diverse set of malignancies with limited precision therapy options. Recently, therapies targeting DLL3 have shown clinical efficacy in aggressive NENs, including small cell lung cancers and neuroendocrine prostate cancers. Given the continued development and expansion of DLL3-targeted therapies, we sought to characterize the expression of DLL3 and identify its clinical and molecular correlates across diverse neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine cancers.

Net Benefit of Early Anticoagulation for Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation: Post Hoc Analysis of the ELAN Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The net clinical effect of early vs later direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) initiation after atrial fibrillation-associated ischemic stroke is unclear.

Objective: To investigate whether early DOAC treatment is associated with a net clinical benefit (NCB).

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a post hoc analysis of the Early Versus Late Initiation of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Post-Ischaemic Stroke Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (ELAN) open-label randomized clinical trial conducted across 103 sites in 15 countries in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia between November 6, 2017, and September 12, 2022, with a 90-day follow-up.

Temperature Exposure and Psychiatric Symptoms in Adolescents From 2 European Birth Cohorts.

Importance: Climate change can adversely affect mental health, but the association of ambient temperature with psychiatric symptoms remains poorly understood.

Objective: To assess the association of ambient temperature exposure with internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems in adolescents from 2 population-based birth cohorts in Europe.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study analyzed data from the Dutch Generation R Study and the Spanish INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente) Project.

Safety and Efficacy of Lotilaner Ophthalmic Solution (0.25%) in Treating Demodex Blepharitis: Pooled Analysis of Two Pivotal Trials.

Introduction: Lotilaner ophthalmic solution (0.25%) is the first United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)-approved drug for treating Demodex blepharitis. In pivotal trials, it was found to be well tolerated and demonstrated a significant reduction in collarettes and mite density after a 6-week treatment regimen.

Assessment of Reperfusion Efficacy of Altelyse Versus Actilyse in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blinded, Non-inferiority Clinical Trial.

Background: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) and fibrinolytic or thrombolytic therapy are common treatments for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention is more effective than thrombolytic therapy, but fibrinolytic therapy is still a preferable option for patients with limited access to healthcare. Alteplase is a tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) used to treat acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and pulmonary embolism.

Expert consensus statement for quantitative measurement and morphologic assessment of optical coherence tomography: update 2025.

In this updated expert consensus document, the methods for the quantitative measurement and morphologic assessment of optical coherence tomography (OCT) / optical frequency domain imaging images (OFDI) are briefly summarized. The focus is on the clinical application and the clinical evidence of OCT / OFDI to guide percutaneous coronary interventions.

Skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and prevention practices among beachgoers: a narrative review.

People who spend time at the beach at increased risk for ultraviolet light (UV) exposure. This review assessed skin cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and prevention practices among beachgoers and sunbathers at the beach. Relevant articles were search in the following electronic databases: PubMed (Medline), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), ERIC, and PsycINFO.

Combining clinical and radiological features improves prediction of bowel ischemia in patients with CT findings of pneumatosis intestinalis.

Background: Pneumatosis intestinalis on CT presents a diagnostic dilemma, because it could reflect bowel ischemia or benign finding.

Purpose: To determine radiological and clinical features that can predict bowel ischemia in patients with pneumatosis intestinalis on CT.

Materials And Methods: Patients with "pneumatosis" in abdominal CT reports performed between 1/1/2002 and 12/31/2018 were retrospectively included.

Early transcriptional effects of inflammatory cytokines reveal highly redundant cytokine networks.

Inflammatory cytokines are fundamental mediators of the organismal response to injury, infection, or other harmful stimuli. To elucidate the early and mostly direct transcriptional signatures of inflammatory cytokines, we profiled all immunologic cell types by RNAseq after systemic exposure to IL1β, IL6, and TNFα. Our results revealed a significant overlap in the responses, with broad divergence between myeloid and lymphoid cells, but with very few cell-type-specific responses.

The swinging sclera technique for evisceration.

Purpose: To present a modified evisceration technique with a full-thickness horizontal sclerotomy and assess post-operative motility and long-term outcomes.

Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent evisceration with a single surgeon (TJM). The standard initial steps of evisceration were performed.

The meninges host a distinct compartment of regulatory T cells that preserves brain homeostasis.

Our understanding of the meningeal immune system has recently burgeoned, particularly regarding how innate and adaptive effector cells are mobilized to meet brain challenges. However, information on how meningeal immunocytes guard brain homeostasis in healthy individuals remains limited. This study highlights the heterogeneous, polyfunctional regulatory T cell (T) compartment in the meninges.

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing.

AbstractBecause symptoms of cardiopulmonary disease often occur with exertion, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) has a unique role in the assessment of patient symptoms, disease severity, prognosis, and response to therapy. In addition to the evaluation of cardiovascular and pulmonary physiology, CPET provides an assessment of the interaction of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems with the musculoskeletal, nervous, and hematological systems. In this article, we review key CPET variables, protocols, and clinical indications.

Development of Potent and Selective CK1α Molecular Glue Degraders.

Molecular glue degraders (MGDs) are small molecules that facilitate proximity between a target protein and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, thereby inducing target protein degradation. Glutarimide-containing compounds are MGDs that bind cereblon (CRBN) and recruit neosubstrates. Through explorative synthesis of a glutarimide-based library, we discovered a series of molecules that induce casein kinase 1 alpha (CK1α) degradation.

Policy Recommendations to Support Equitable Access to Long-Acting Injectables for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention and Treatment: A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association.

Long-acting injectables (LAIs) for HIV prevention and treatment could dramatically improve health outcomes and health equity for people with HIV and those who could benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis. Despite widespread acceptability and demand by providers and potential users of LAIs, implementation has been extremely limited since the introduction of cabotegravir/rilpivirine, the first LAI for HIV treatment, in January 2021, and long-acting cabotegravir, the first LAI for HIV prevention, in December 2021. We report results of a provider survey, conducted by the HIV Medicine Association, which identified LAI implementation barriers related to health insurance processes, staffing and administrative support, drug costs and acquisition, and access for individuals who are uninsured.

Frequently arising ESX-1-associated phase variants influence fitness in the presence of host and antibiotic pressures.

Unlabelled: (Mtb) exhibits an impressive ability to adapt to rapidly changing environments, despite its genome's apparent stability. Recently, phase variation through indel formation in homopolymeric tracts (HT) has emerged as a potentially important mechanism promoting adaptation in Mtb. This study examines the impact of common phase variants associated with the ESX-1 type VII secretion system, focusing on a highly variable HT upstream of the ESX-1 regulatory factor, .

Recovery support services as part of the continuum of care for alcohol or drug use disorders.

Background: The definition of 'recovery' has evolved beyond merely control of problem substance use to include other aspects of health and wellbeing (known as 'recovery capital') which are important to prevent relapse to problematic alcohol or other drug (AOD) use. Developing a Recovery Oriented System of Care (ROSC) requires consideration of interventions or services (Recovery Support Services, RSS) designed to build recovery capital which are often delivered alongside established treatment structures. Lived experience and its application to the process of engaging people, changing behaviour and relapse prevention is an essential part of these services.

Care Recipients' Cognitive Trajectories and Caregivers' Depressive Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Caregiving Burden.

Background And Objectives: The heterogeneity of population-based trajectories of care recipients' (CRs) cognitive functioning and how they are associated with their caregivers' mental health is less studied in the United States. Informed by the stress process model, this study examines the relationship between care recipients' cognitive trajectories and caregivers' depressive symptoms, and the mediating role of caregiving burden.

Research Design And Methods: Data were from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (2011-2020) for 1,086 care recipients and their 1,675 caregivers from the 2021 National Study of Caregiving.

Pediatric Transplant Surgeons' Perspectives on Palliative Care for Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: A National Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Some adult transplant surgeons consider transplant to be contraindicated in patients receiving palliative care (PC). Little is known about pediatric transplant surgeons' attitudes toward PC. We sought to ascertain pediatric kidney transplant surgeons' perspectives regarding the routine integration of PC for children with chronic kidney disease.

Feasibility and acceptability of engaging care partners of persons living with dementia with electronic outreach for deprescribing.

Background And Objectives: Care partners are critical for making treatment decisions in persons living with dementia. However, identifying them is challenging, hindering the broader use of interventions, such as those using digital technologies. We aimed to (i) assess the feasibility of identifying and contacting care partners using electronic health record (EHR) systems, and (ii) elicit their perspectives on electronic interventions for deprescribing.

Comparative Outcomes of Babesiosis in Immunocompromised and Non-Immunocompromised Hosts: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Babesiosis poses significant risks of adverse outcomes in individuals with immunocompromising conditions (IC) and asplenia/hyposplenia (AH). This study compares clinical outcomes between these vulnerable groups and immunocompetent patients.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study included adult patients with laboratory-confirmed babesiosis from 2009 to 2023.