The Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Intermacs Database Risk Model for Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

Background: Statistical risk models for durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation inform candidate selection, quality improvement, and evaluation of provider performance. We developed a 90-day mortality risk model utilizing The Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Intermacs Database (STS Intermacs).

Methods: STS Intermacs was queried for primary durable LVAD implants from 1/ 2019 - 9/2023.

Joint image reconstruction and segmentation of real-time cardiac MRI in free-breathing using a model based on disentangled representation learning.

Purpose: To investigate image quality and agreement of derived cardiac function parameters in a novel joint image reconstruction and segmentation approach based on disentangled representation learning, enabling real-time cardiac cine imaging during free-breathing.

Methods: A multi-tasking neural network architecture, incorporating disentangled representation learning, was trained using simulated examinations based on data from a public repository along with MR scans specifically acquired for model development. An exploratory feasibility study evaluated the method on undersampled real-time acquisitions using an in-house developed spiral bSSFP pulse sequence in eight healthy participants and five patients with intermittent atrial fibrillation.

Pediatric-type Myoid Neoplasms of Somatic Soft Tissue: A Clinicopathological and Molecular Genetic Study of 78 Tumors, Highlighting Indolent Clinical Behavior and Frequent SRF Gene Rearrangements.

Soft tissue tumors with smooth muscle differentiation are rare in pediatric patients. Despite often showing morphologic features sufficient for classification as "leiomyosarcoma" in adults (e.g.

Perspective: Challenges for Personalized Nutrition in the Current U.S. Regulatory Framework and Future Opportunities.

Personalized Nutrition (PN) aims to provide tailored dietary recommendations to improve a person's health outcomes by integrating a multitude of individual-level information and support desired behavior changes. The field is rapidly evolving with technological advances. As new biomarkers are discovered, wearables and other devices can now provide up-to-the-minute insights, and artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models support recommendations and lifestyle behavior change.

Gene copy deletion of STK11, KEAP1, and SMARCA4: clinicopathologic features and association with outcomes to immunotherapy +/- chemotherapy in nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Mutations in STK11, KEAP1, and SMARCA4 predispose to inferior immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly among KRAS-mutant cases. However, the frequency, clinicopathologic features, and clinical impact of deletions in these genes are poorly characterized.

Methods: Clinicopathologic correlates of STK11, KEAP1, and SMARCA4 deletion were analyzed in nonsquamous NSCLCs at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI).

Future directions in the evaluation and management of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer.

There is a much debate regarding optimal selection in patients with metastatic cancer who should undergo local treatment (surgery or radiation treatment) to the primary tumor and/or metastases. Additionally, the optimal treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic cancer is largely unclear. Current prognostication systems to best inform these clinical scenarios are limited, as all metastatic patients are grouped together as having Stage IV disease without further incorporation of patient and disease-specific covariates that significantly impact patient outcomes.

Association of Chronic Limb Ischemia Rutherford Classification with Clinical Outcomes Following Lower Extremity Revascularization.

Introduction: The Rutherford Classification for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is used to categorize peripheral artery disease severity through history and physical examination. This study investigated whether higher Rutherford Classification correlates with worse clinical outcomes and could serve as a predictive tool.

Methods: In this prospective single-center study , 252 patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization were followed for three years (2020-2023).

The Full Range of Weight Status by Race and Ethnicity in Children with and without Autism: A Cross-sectional Study of US Children.

Objective: To identify and characterize how race and ethnicity influence the relationship between autism and weight status, across all categories of weight from underweight to severe obesity.

Study Design: We developed a propensity score-matched cross-sectional dataset of children with and without parent-reported autism in the National Survey of Children Health (NSCH, 2016-2022) and Adolescent Brain and Cognition Development Study (ABCD, 2016-2018). We included non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic children aged 6 to 17 years.

Prescription Stimulant Dispensing to US Children: 2017-2023.

Objective: To evaluate changes in prescription stimulant dispensing to children aged 5 to 17 years associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and the shortage of immediate-release mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall), which was announced in October 2022.

Methods: We analyzed the 2017 to 2023 IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Database, which captures 92% of US prescriptions. Using an interrupted time series design, we evaluated level and slope changes in the monthly stimulant-dispensing rate (number of children with stimulant dispensing per 100 000 children) in March 2020 and October 2022.

Family functioning in adolescents and young adults with differences of sex development.

Objective: Family functioning influences various psychosocial outcomes for individuals with pediatric chronic health conditions (e.g., Leeman, J.

Proxy-reported outcomes accurately reflect objective patient-reported outcomes in older adult patients with traumatic orthopaedic injuries.

Background: Older adults make up an increasing portion of orthopedic trauma care. Proxy reports are particularly valuable when patients face difficulties formulating answers due to pre-existing or temporary cognitive impairment, and provide critical insights into patient well-being.

Questions/purposes: This study examines the agreement between patient- and proxy-reported outcome measures across various health domains of older adult orthopedic trauma patients, including those with mild cognitive impairment.

Survival outcomes for patients with invasive lobular cancer by MammaPrint: Results from the MINDACT phase III trial.

Background: Evaluation of the prognostic performance and clinical utility of the MammaPrint 70-gene signature in early-stage invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) for whom such analyses in a randomized trial is awaited.

Patients And Methods: Exploratory subgroup analysis of MINDACT trial patients with centrally assessed histology (n = 5929) with invasive breast cancer of no-special-type (NST), or pure ILC. In the trial patients were categorized based on the 70-gene signature for genomic risk and modified Adjuvant!Online for clinical risk.

Characterizing the relationship between personality dimensions and psychosis-specific clinical characteristics.

Background: Past studies associating personality with psychosis have been limited by small nonclinical samples and a focus on general symptom burden. This study uses a large clinical sample to examine personality's relationship with psychosis-specific features and compare personality dimensions across clinically and neurobiologically defined categories of psychoses.

Methods: A total of 1352 participants with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar with psychosis, as well as 623 healthy controls (HC), drawn from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP-2) study, were included.

Associations of a metal mixture and vitamin D with sleep duration among adolescents and young adults from the 2011-2018 NHANES cycles.

Introduction: Heavy metal exposure has been associated with poor sleep, but little is known about the cumulative associations of multiple metals with sleep duration, particularly among adolescents. This study examined the association of blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) concentrations with sleep duration and possible effect modification by vitamin D.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 16-25-year-olds (n = 2637) from the 2011-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Identification of an ANCA-associated vasculitis cohort using deep learning and electronic health records.

Background: ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rare but serious disease. Traditional case-identification methods using claims data can be time-intensive and may miss important subgroups. We hypothesized that a deep learning model analyzing electronic health records (EHR) can more accurately identify AAV cases.

"I Won't Put Myself or My Family Through That": Decision Preferences, Family Experiences, and Kidney Disease Decision-Making.

Background And Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern that uniquely impacts older Black Americans, a population also likely to have family members also diagnosed with CKD. This study aimed to (1) describe how participants viewed their decision preferences considering the experiences of family, and friends previously diagnosed with CKD, and (2) to understand how these social complexities informed their own decisions for future CKD care.

Research Design And Methods: Utilizing a phenomenologically-informed approach, this study explored participants' perceptions of how patients and their family members' experiences with CKD influenced treatment-related decision-making.

Protocol for the generation of HLF+ HOXA+ human hematopoietic progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) generate blood and immune cells. Here, we present a protocol to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into hematopoietic progenitors that express the signature HSC transcription factors HLF, HOXA5, HOXA7, HOXA9, and HOXA10. hPSCs are dissociated, seeded, and then sequentially differentiated into posterior primitive streak, lateral mesoderm, artery endothelium, hemogenic endothelium, and hematopoietic progenitors through the sequential addition of defined, serum-free media.

The spatial landscape of cancer hallmarks reveals patterns of tumor ecological dynamics and drug sensitivity.

Tumors are complex ecosystems of interacting cell types. The concept of cancer hallmarks distills this complexity into underlying principles that govern tumor growth. Here, we explore the spatial distribution of cancer hallmarks across 63 primary untreated tumors from 10 cancer types using spatial transcriptomics.

Comparing the Effects of Square, 4-7-8, and 6 Breaths-per-Minute Breathing Conditions on Heart Rate Variability, CO Levels, and Mood.

Square and 4-7-8 breathing are popularly promoted by psychotherapists but have little empirical support. We hypothesized that breathing at 6 breaths per minute (bpm) would improve HRV, reduce blood pressure, and improve mood more than either square or 4-7-8 breathing. We also hypothesized square and 4-7-8 breathing would increase end-tidal CO (PETCO).