Intra-arterial tenecteplase after successful endovascular recanalisation in patients with acute posterior circulation arterial occlusion (ATTENTION-IA): multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To assess whether intra-arterial tenecteplase administered after successful endovascular recanalisation improves outcomes in patients with acute arterial occlusion of the posterior circulation.

Design: Multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Setting: 31 hospitals in China, 24 January 2023 to 24 August 2023.

Enhancing Student Understanding of Cardiovascular Disease Burden in Marginalized Communities in the Physiology Classroom.

Physiology education is at the core of biomedical science and medicine. Physiology unites multiple disciplines to explain the mechanisms whereby a risk factor is associated with disease. Race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender identity are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Synthesis of Sulfonated Peptides Using a Trifluoromethyltoluene-Protected Amino Acid.

A scalable, seven step synthesis is reported for a trifluoromethyl toluene protected sulfonated phenylalanine building block whose utility was demonstrated in the synthesis of four CXCR4-derived sulfonopeptides. When compared to a conventional trichloroethyl protected building block, overall yield was improved by up to 4-fold. We believe this building block will prove to be of significant value for the synthesis of a variety of peptide targets containing phenylalanine sulfonate, a bioisostere of tyrosine sulfate, enabling orthogonal protection strategies and improving synthetic efficiency and yield.

Trends in Opioid Prescriptions to Opioid-Naïve Patients by Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in Massachusetts 2012-2022.

Background: Many oral and maxillofacial surgery patients are young, healthy adults who are opioid-naïve. Over-prescribing opioids increases the risk of subsequent misuse and diversion.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare opioid prescriptions to opioid naïve and nonnaïve patients by oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Massachusetts from 2012 to 2022.

Posterior left atrial wall isolation for treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation during first-time catheter ablation: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although catheter ablation (CA) by mean of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is nowadays the mainstay treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), its success-rate in persistent AF remains suboptimal. Results from studies evaluating whether adding posterior wall isolation (PWI) to PVI can increase the success-rate of CA in persistent AF have yielded conflicting data. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess whether PWI plus PVI might be beneficial in patients with persistent AF.

Itaconate transporter SLC13A3 confers immunotherapy resistance via alkylation-mediated stabilization of PD-L1.

Itaconate is a metabolite catalyzed by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1), which is mainly produced by activated macrophages and secreted into the extracellular environment to exert complex bioactivity. In the tumor microenvironment, itaconate is concentrated and induces an immunosuppressive response. However, whether itaconate can be taken up by tumor cells and its mechanism of action remain largely unclear.

Clonally expanded, targetable, natural killer-like NKG7 T cells seed the aged spinal cord to disrupt myeloid-dependent wound healing.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) increasingly affects aged individuals, where functional impairment and mortality are highest. However, the aging-dependent mechanisms underpinning tissue damage remain elusive. Here, we find that natural killer-like T (NKLT) cells seed the intact aged human and murine spinal cord and multiply further after injury.

Genomic and phenotypic correlates of mosaic loss of chromosome Y in blood.

Mosaic loss of Y (mLOY) is the most common somatic chromosomal alteration detected in human blood. The presence of mLOY is associated with altered blood cell counts and increased risk of Alzheimer disease, solid tumors, and other age-related diseases. We sought to gain a better understanding of genetic drivers and associated phenotypes of mLOY through analyses of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of a large set of genetically diverse males from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program.

Effects of 24-Hour Diet- or Exercise-Induced Energy Availability Manipulations on Substrate Utilization and Performance.

Purpose: To examine sex-based differences in substrate oxidation, postprandial metabolism, and performance in response to 24-hour manipulations in energy availability (EA), induced by manipulations to energy intake (EI) or exercise energy expenditure (EEE).

Methods: In a Latin Square design, 20 endurance athletes (10 females using monophasic oral contraceptives and 10 males) undertook five trials, each comprising three consecutive days. Day one was a standardized period of high EA; EA was then manipulated on day two; post-intervention testing occurred on day three.

Estimating the ovarian cancer CA-125 preclinical detectable phase, in-vivo tumour doubling time, and window for detection in early stage: an exploratory analysis of UKCTOCS.

Background: The ovarian cancer (OC) preclinical detectable phase (PCDP), defined as the interval during which cancer is detectable prior to clinical diagnosis, remains poorly characterised. We report exploratory analyses from the United Kingdom Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS).

Methods: In UKCTOCS between Apr-2001 and Sep-2005, 101,314 postmenopausal women were randomised to no screening (NS) and 50,625 to annual multimodal screening (MMS) (until Dec-2011) using serum CA-125 interpreted by the Risk of Ovarian Cancer Algorithm (ROCA).

Association of non-English as primary language on clinical outcomes for arteriovenous fistula creation within a safety net system.

Approximately 22 ​% of the United States population communicates in a non-English language, potentially impacting healthcare communication and outcomes. Few studies have examined the association between non-English primary language (NEPL) and surgical outcomes and none to our knowledge in patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula creation within a safety net system. In this study, we conducted a retrospective analysis on adults who underwent AVF creation for hemodialysis access between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2019.

Gender Imbalance in Citation Practices in Communication Sciences and Disorders Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: Despite recent advances, gender inequality remains a major concern within the workforce. One manifestation of gender inequality in academia is the undercitation of women-authored compared to men-authored papers that is thought to reflect implicit biases and has important implications for the academic advancement for research-intensive female faculty. These studies largely stem from male-dominant professions.

Prevention of liver cancer in the era of next-generation antivirals and obesity epidemic.

Preventive interventions are expected to substantially improve the prognosis of patients with primary liver cancer, predominantly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma. HCC prevention is challenging in the face of the evolving etiological landscape, particularly the sharp increase in obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Next-generation anti-HCV and HBV drugs have substantially reduced, but not eliminated, the risk of HCC and have given way to new challenges in identifying at-risk patients.

Socioeconomic, Race-Ethnicity, Household, and Infrastructure Disparities of Hematologic Cancer Outcomes in the US.

Although social determinants of health (SDoH) investigations have shown limited analyses of socioeconomic and race-ethnic status on certain hematologic malignancies, the impact of factors beyond those across a fuller scope of hematologic cancers remains unknown. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), a tool for assessing varied US-census derived sociodemographic factors, allows the specific quantification of SDoH in dynamic, regional contexts for their associations with hematologic-malignancy inequities. To assess the summative influence of varied SDoH-factors on hematologic malignancy outcomes and discern which SDoH-factors contributed the largest associations towards disparities 796,005 adults with hematologic malignancies between 1975-2017 were identified for this retrospective cohort study.

Acceptance, Safety, and Effect Sizes in Online Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: Interventional Pilot Study.

Background: The potential of telehealth psychotherapy (ie, the online delivery of treatment via a video web-based platform) is gaining increased attention. However, there is skepticism about its acceptance, safety, and efficacy for patients with high emotional and behavioral dysregulation.

Objective: This study aims to provide initial effect size estimates of symptom change from pre- to post treatment, and the acceptance and safety of telehealth dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD).

A Typology of US Public Health Work-Education Programs.

Objective: A pipeline is required to build a qualified and diverse public health workforce. Work-education programs offer public health students experiential learning, training, and a pathway to public health professions. However, there is a gap in the literature to guide public health practice on the types of programs, their components, and their potential impact.

Spontaneous Anthropocentric Language Use in University Students' Explanations of Biological Concepts Varies by Topic and Predicts Misconception Agreement.

Previous research has shown that students employ intuitive thinking when understanding scientific concepts. Three types of intuitive thinking-essentialist, teleological, and anthropic thinking-are used in biology learning and can lead to misconceptions. However, it is unknown how commonly these types of intuitive thinking, or cognitive construals, are used spontaneously in students' explanations across biological concepts and whether this usage is related to endorsement of construal-consistent misconceptions.

Association of blood urea nitrogen with 28-day mortality in critically ill patients: A multi-center retrospective study based on the eICU collaborative research database.

Objective: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a commonly used biomarker for assessing kidney function and neuroendocrine activity. Previous studies have indicated that elevated BUN levels are associated with increased mortality in various critically ill patient populations. The focus of this study was to investigate the relationship between BUN and 28-day mortality in intensive care patients.

High-resolution national radon maps based on massive indoor measurements in the United States.

Radon, a common radioactive indoor air pollutant, is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States. Knowledge about its distribution is essential for risk assessment and designing efficient protective regulations. However, the three current radon maps for the United States are unable to provide the up-to-date, high-resolution, and time-varying radon concentrations.

Digital tools and technologies used in food fortification: A scoping review.

Food fortification (i.e., industrial fortification and biofortification) increases the micronutrient content of foods to improve population nutrition.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes after Multiple General Anesthetic Exposures before 5 Years of Age: A Cohort Study.

Background: The general anaesthesia or awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS) trial demonstrated evidence that most neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 and 5 yr of age in infants who received a single general anesthetic for elective inguinal herniorrhaphy were clinically equivalent when compared to infants who did not receive general anesthesia. More than 20% of the children in the trial had at least one subsequent anesthetic exposure after their initial surgery. Using the GAS database, this study aimed to address whether multiple (two or more) general anesthetic exposures compared to one or no general anesthetic exposure in early childhood were associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 yr.