Exploring the interplay of clinical reasoning and artificial intelligence in psychiatry: Current insights and future directions.

For many years, it has been widely accepted in the psychiatric field that clinical practice cannot be reduced to finely tuned statistical prediction systems utilizing diverse clinical data. Clinicians are recognized for their unique and irreplaceable roles. In this brief historical overview, viewed through the lens of artificial intelligence (AI), we propose that comprehending the reasoning behind AI can enhance our understanding of clinical reasoning.

Changes in central venous-to-arterial PCO difference and central venous oxygen saturation as markers to define fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients: a pot-hoc analysis of a multi-center prospective study.

Background: The main aim of the study whether changes in central venous-to-arterial CO difference (ΔP(v-a)CO) and central venous oxygen saturation (ΔScvO) induced by volume expansion (VE) are reliable parameters to define fluid responsiveness (FR) in sedated and mechanically ventilated septic patients. We also sought to determine whether the degree of FR was related to baseline ScvO and P(v-a)CO levels.

Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of a multicenter prospective study.

Long-term survival following anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer and an assessment of potential prognostic clinical factors: a multicentre observational study.

Background: Anti-PD-(L)1 agent are approved as first- and second-line treatment options in advanced urothelial cancer (UC), but information about long-term survival is scarce. There is a need for prognostic factors, as these may help in the decision-making concerning anti-PD-(L)1 in patients with UC. Here, we examined long-term survival following anti-PD-(L)1 in advanced UC and assessed clinical factors for their correlation with survival.

Founder pathogenic variants in colorectal neoplasia susceptibility genes in Ashkenazi Jews undergoing colonoscopy.

Background: Colorectal neoplasia is one of the most common tumors affecting Western populations.

Methods: In this study we used a custom amplicon sequencing platform and an in-house bioinformatic pipeline to study constitutional DNA from two different case series of Ashkenazi Jews undergoing colonoscopy (n = 765). The first series all had pathologically confirmed colorectal adenomas and/or carcinoma.

Neurosurgery in a Pacific archipelago: how to provide optimal care. Experience of the opening of a first-line neurosurgery department.

Introduction: In the beginning of November 2023, the authors launched a neurosurgery department in Nouméa, New Caledonia. Emergency cranial surgeries are performed by orthopedic surgeons. All other cases are transferred to Australia or mainland France.

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Bladder Cancer: An Emerging Target.

Bladder cancer remains a prevalent and challenging malignancy. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have emerged as key contributors to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, facilitating tumor progression, immune evasion, and resistance to therapies. This review explores the role of MDSC in bladder cancer, highlighting their involvement in immune regulation; tumor progression; and resistance to therapies such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Cost- effectiveness of a simplified acute malnutrition program: a secondary analysis of the OptiMA randomized clinical trial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Acute malnutrition (AM) causes large loss of life and disability in children in Africa. Researchers are testing innovative approaches to increase efficiency of treatment programs. This paper presents results of a cost-effectiveness analysis of one such program in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) based on a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial Optimizing Treatment for Acute Malnutrition (OptiMA), conducted in DRC in 2018-20.

Reappraisal of Oncocytic Adenocarcinoma: Unveiling Its Connection to Oncocytic Variants of Salivary Duct Carcinoma and Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Through ImmunoHisto-Molecular Perspectives.

Oncocytic adenocarcinoma (OC) of the salivary glands is a rare and controversial entity. It was recently reclassified as "salivary carcinoma NOS and emerging entities" in the 2022 WHO classification of head and neck tumors. The lack of specific molecular alterations and its potential affiliation with other salivary gland carcinomas, such as the oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinomas (OMEC) or the oncocytic subtype of salivary duct carcinomas (OSDC) justified this reclassification.

Phenotypic and epigenetic heterogeneity in FGFR2-fused glial and glioneuronal tumours.

Aims: FGFR-fused central nervous system (CNS) tumours are rare and are usually within the glioneuronal and neuronal tumours or the paediatric-type diffuse low-grade glioma spectrum. Among this spectrum, FGFR2 fusion has been documented in tumours classified by DNA-methylation profiling as polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumours of the young (PLNTY), a recently described tumour type. However, FGFR2 fusions have also been reported in glioneuronal tumours, highlighting the overlapping diagnostic criteria and challenges.

Reprint of: Scientific statement from the French neurovascular and cardiac societies for improved detection of atrial fibrillation after ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the primary cause of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA). AF is associated with a high risk of recurrence, which can be reduced using optimal prevention strategies, mainly anticoagulant therapy. The availability of effective prophylaxis justifies the need for a significant, coordinated and thorough transdisciplinary effort to screen for AF associated with stroke.

Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: The LYSA pragmatic guidelines.

Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a distinct entity among hematological malignancies of B-cell origin. It is characterized by its unique histopathological features and generally favorable prognosis. Over the years, advancements in understanding its pathogenesis, coupled with refined diagnostic and evaluation modalities, as well as therapeutic strategies, have significantly transformed the landscape of HL management.

Final Results of the GRECCAR-6 Trial on Waiting Period Following Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: 5 Years of Follow-up.

Background: The potential oncological benefit of extending the waiting period between neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and surgical resection for rectal cancer is debated.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of prolonging this waiting period on the 5-year oncological prognosis and 2-year functional result of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.

Design: Phase III, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, controlled trial.

Clinical outcomes in patients in any phase of CML treated with ponatinib in France-Data from the TOPASE observational study.

The TOPASE study was set up to evaluate the outcomes of chronic myeloid leukaemia [CML] patients treated with ponatinib (PON) in a real-world setting in France. One hundred and twenty CML patients, 105 in chronic phase (CP), 8 in accelerated phase (AP) and 7 in blastic phase (BP) were included. Fifty-one (49%) of the CP-CML patients were in third line of treatment.

The challenge of ovarian cancer care in the oldest old.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the eighth most common cancer in women, with a poor prognosis, particularly in older women. The aim of this study was to describe an octogenarian population with OC and to examine the differences in net survival (NS) according to age.

Material And Methods: In this retrospective observational population-based study from a gynecological cancer registry, patients aged > 18 years with an identified epithelial ovarian cancer stage IA to IVB diagnosed between 1998 and 2018 were included.

Risk of Incident Cancer in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Prior Breast Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy observed in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The aim of our study was to evaluate incident cancer rate (recurrence or new-onset cancer) in a cohort of patients with IBD with a history of breast cancer according to the subsequent IBD treatment provided.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study included consecutive patients with IBD with prior breast cancer.

Global trends in CD4 count measurement and distribution at first antiretroviral treatment initiation.

Background: While people with HIV (PWH) start antiretroviral treatment (ART) regardless of CD4 count, CD4 measurement remains crucial for detecting advanced HIV disease and evaluating ART programmes. We explored CD4 measurement (proportion of PWH with a CD4 result available) and prevalence of CD4 <200 cells/µL at ART initiation within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) global collaboration.

Methods: We included PWH at participating ART programmes who first initiated ART at age 15-80 years during 2005-2019.

Characterisation of the Novel HLA-DRB5*02:02:05 Allele by Sequencing-Based Typing.

HLA-DRB5*02:02:05 differs from HLA-DRB5*02:02:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 134 in exon 3.

Impact of time from symptom onset to puncture, and puncture to reperfusion, in endovascular therapy in the late time window (>6 h).

Background: Increased time from symptom onset to puncture (TSOP) and time from puncture to reperfusion (TPTR) are associated with worse outcome in ischemic stroke patients treated with endovascular therapy (EVT) in the early time window (<6 h). However, these associations are less described in the late window (>6 h), where patients may benefit from EVT because of a more favorable imaging profile (late window paradox). We sought to compare the effect of these timeframes between these two periods on efficacy and safety outcomes.

Correction to "Impact of liquid sublingual immunotherapy on asthma onset and progression in patients with allergic rhinitis: a nationwide population-based study (EfficAPSI study)" [The Lancet Regional Health - Europe 41 (2024) 100915].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.