Kurarinone Mitigates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Osteolysis by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis Through the Reduction of ROS Levels and Suppression of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Inflammatory bone resorption represents a pathological condition marked by an increase in bone loss, commonly associated with chronic inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Current therapies primarily focus on anti-inflammatory drugs and bisphosphonates; however, these treatments are limited due to side effects, inadequate efficacy, and unpredictable long-term complications. Kurarinone (KR), a bioactive compound isolated from the traditional Chinese herb Sophora flavescens, exhibits a range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and cardiovascular protective effects.

Enhancing Bioactivity of Titanium-Based Materials Through Chitosan Based Coating and Calcitriol Functionalization.

Titanium (Ti)-based materials are favored for hard tissue applications, yet their bioinertness limits their success. This study hypothesizes that functionalizing Ti materials with chitosan nano/microspheres and calcitriol (VD) will enhance their bioactivity by improving cellular activities and mineralization. To test this, chitosan particles were applied uniformly onto Ti surfaces using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) at 20 V for 3 minutes.

Efficacy and safety of teriparatide in kidney transplant recipients with osteoporosis and low bone turnover: a real-world experience.

Introduction: Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), enhancing survival and quality of life. However, kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at high risk for bone disorders, particularly low bone turnover disease, which increases fracture risk. Teriparatide, an anabolic agent, may provide a beneficial treatment option for these patients.

Prognostic factors for overall survival in castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer treated with docetaxel (MeProCSS): results from a German real-world cohort.

Purpose: To identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and develop a prognostic score in patients receiving docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on mCRPC patients treated with docetaxel at a German tertiary center between March 2010 and November 2023. Prognostic clinical and laboratory factors were analyzed using uni- and multivariable logistic regression.

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Marathon Running: A narrative Review.

Background: Marathon training and running have many beneficial effects on human health and physical fitness; however, they also pose risks. To date, no comprehensive review regarding both the benefits and risks of marathon running on different organ systems has been published.

Main Body: The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of the benefits and risks of marathon training and racing on different organ systems.

Determination of adequate bony resection margins in inflammatory jaw pathologies using SPECT-CT in primary mandibular reconstruction with virtually planned vascularized bone flaps.

Objectives: In advanced stages of osteoradionecrosis, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, and osteomyelitis, a resection of sections of the mandible may be unavoidable. The determination of adequate bony resection margins is a fundamental problem because bony resection margins cannot be secured intraoperatively. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) is more accurate than conventional imaging techniques in detecting inflammatory jaw pathologies.

Genital graft versus host disease in women after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - a single center experience.

Chronic Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), affecting the female genital tract in 25-66% of the patients. This condition, referred to as Genital GVHD is an underdiagnosed gynecologic comorbidity, that can significantly impair quality of life. We aimed to describe the prevalence and management of genital GVHD following HSCT.

Comparison of software-assisted and freehand methods of rotational assessment for diaphyseal tibia fractures.

Objective: Accurate rotational reduction following tibial shaft fracture fixation is absent in up to 36% of cases yet may be critical for lower extremity biomechanics. The objective of this cadaveric study was to compare the results of freehand methods of reduction with software-assisted reduction.

Methods: Four fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeons attempted rotational correction in a cadaveric model with fluoroscopic assistance (without radiographic visualization of the fracture site) using (1) their method of choice (MoC) and (2) software assistance (SA).

A detoxified TLR4 agonist inhibits tumour growth and lung metastasis of osteosarcoma by promoting CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocyte infiltration.

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumour with limited treatment options and poor outcomes in advanced metastatic cases. Current immunotherapies show limited efficacy, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Systemic immune activation by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) immunostimulants has shown great promise; however, current TLR4 agonists' toxicity hinders this systemic approach in patients with osteosarcoma.

[Treatment with TOPS for short femoral stump].

Objective: Treatment with transcutaneous osseointegrated prosthesis systems (TOPS) for short femoral amputation stumps aims to restore independent walking ability after proximal femoral amputation by direct bone-guided prosthesis anchorage. This cannot be safely achieved with conventional socket prostheses due to the mechanically inadequate socket contact surface.

Indications: Treatment of patients with short transfemoral stumps who cannot be mobilized sufficiently with conventional socket prostheses.

Minimally Invasive Treatment of Aneurysmal Bone Cysts with Gelified Ethanol (DiscoGel®): Evaluation of Feasibility, Safety, and Efficacy.

Introduction: Aneurysmal bone cysts are locally aggressive bone lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate safety and effectiveness of radio-opaque gelified ethanol sclerotherapy in treating primary aneurysmal bone cyst.

Materials And Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study (January 1st, 2012, to June 30th, 2024), 32 patients with primary aneurysmal bone cysts were treated with percutaneous sclerotherapy using radio-opaque gelified ethanol at various skeletal sites.

Does a gentamicin-coated intramedullary nail prevent postoperative infection in Gustilo type I and II tibial open fractures? A comparative study and retrospective analysis.

Purpose: Tibial open shaft fractures are very common and susceptible to infection, which can lead to significant morbidity especially infection and non-union. Antibiotic coated nail is one option for fixing open shaft tibial fractures to minimise infection. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcome of Gentamicin-coated tibial nails versus regular unreamed interlocking tibial nails in the treatment of type I and II tibial open fractures.

ASIC1a mediated nucleus pulposus cells pyroptosis and glycolytic crosstalk as a molecular basis for intervertebral disc degeneration.

Background: One of the etiologic components of degenerative spinal illnesses is intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), and the accompanying lower back pain is progressively turning into a significant public health problem. Important pathologic characteristics of IVDD include inflammation and acidic microenvironment, albeit it is unclear how these factors contribute to the disease.

Purpose: To clarify the functions of inflammation and the acidic environment in IVDD, identify the critical connections facilitating glycolytic crosstalk and nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) pyroptosis, and offer novel approaches to IVDD prevention and therapy.

Effect of individual spinal muscle activities on upright posture using a human body finite element model.

The occurrence of diseases characterized by irregular spinal alignment, such as kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, and dropped head syndrome (DHS) is increasing, particularly among older adults. DHS is characterized by an excessive forward tilt of the head and neck, causing the head to droop. Although it is believed that muscle activity plays a role in both the onset and treatment of DHS, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Dual-energy CT-derived virtual noncalcium imaging to assess bone marrow lesions in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

To determine the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT (DECT) virtual noncalcium (VNCa) technique in the detection of bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in knee osteoarthritis, and further analyze the correlation between the severity of BMLs on VNCa image and the degree of knee pain. 23 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed knee osteoarthritis were underwent DECT and 3.0T MRI between August 2017 and November 2018.

Signaling pathway mechanisms of circadian clock gene Bmal1 regulating bone and cartilage metabolism: a review.

Circadian rhythm is ubiquitous in nature. Circadian clock genes such as Bmal1 and Clock form a multi-level transcription-translation feedback network, and regulate a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including bone and cartilage metabolism. Deletion of the core clock gene Bmal1 leads to pathological bone alterations, while the phenotypes are not consistent.

PCMMD: A Novel Dataset of Plasma Cells to Support the Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a cytogenetically heterogeneous clonal plasma cell proliferative disease whose diagnosis is supported by analyses on histological slides of bone marrow aspirate. In summary, experts use a labor-intensive methodology to compute the ratio between plasma cells and non-plasma cells. Therefore, the key aspect of the methodology is identifying these cells, which relies on the experts' attention and experience.

Double-Barreled Vascularized Fibula Free Flap in Pediatric Tibial Bone Defect Reconstruction: A 20-Year Monocentric Experience.

Introduction: Reconstructing large bone defects for lower limb salvage in the pediatric population remains challenging due to complex oncological or septic issues, limited surgical options, and lengthy procedures prone to complications. The vascularized double-barreled fibula free flap is pivotal for reconstructing large bones. In this article, we report our experience with this technique in the surgical management of pediatric tibial bone defects.

Fitness, Body Composition, and Health Behaviors in Long-Term Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancers.

To investigate cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body composition, health behaviors, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (AYA-CS) compared with age-matched counterparts without a cancer diagnosis. This cross-sectional study recruited participants aged 15-25 years at the time of their cancer diagnosis and ≥ 5 years post-treatment. Participants completed cardiopulmonary exercise testing, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, food diaries, physical activity (PA), fatigue, and HRQoL questionnaires.

Lateral pterygoid muscle enthesis reconstruction in alloplastic total temporomandibular joint replacement: An animal experiment with histological verification.

In current alloplastic total temporomandibular joint replacements (TMJRs) typically the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) insertion is sacrificed, affecting joint function. This study assesses a novel additively manufactured TMJR (CADskills BV, Gent, Belgium) designed to enable LPM reinsertion through a scaffold feature on the implant. Thirteen TMJRs were implanted in Swifter crossbreed sheep, with follow-up CT scans after 288 days to evaluate LPM reintegration.

From circuits to lifespan: translating mouse and human timelines with neuroimaging based tractography.

Animal models are commonly used to investigate developmental processes and disease risk, but humans and model systems (e.g., mice) differ substantially in the pace of development and aging.

Clear cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (Pindborg tumour) of the mandible.

A calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) is a rare benign odontogenic tumour of epithelial origin accounting for approximately 1% of all odontogenic tumours. The intraosseous form occurs more commonly in the posterior mandible whereas the extraosseous form is common in the anterior maxilla. CEOT is often asymptomatic and presents with a painless swelling of the mandible.

Multiple roles for retinoid signaling in craniofacial development.

Retinoic acid (RA) signaling plays multiple essential roles in development of the head and face. Animal models with mutations in genes involved in RA signaling have enabled understanding of craniofacial morphogenic processes that are regulated by the retinoid pathway. During craniofacial morphogenesis RA signaling is active in spatially restricted domains defined by the expression of genes involved in RA production and RA breakdown.

Mannose-modified exosomes loaded with MiR-23b-3p target alveolar macrophages to alleviate acute lung injury in Sepsis.

The anti-inflammatory role of miR-23b-3p (miR-23b) is known in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, its role in sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI) and its effect on macrophages in ALI remain unexplored. This investigation aimed to evaluate miR-23b's therapeutic potential in macrophages in the context of ALI.

Prospective Validation of CAR-HEMATOTOX and a simplified version predict Survival in Patients with Large B-Cell Lymphoma treated with anti-CD19 CAR T-cells: data from CART-SIE study.

Background: Anti-CD19 CAR T-cells have revolutionized outcomes in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphomas. Long-term follow-up underscored the role of hematological toxicity in non-relapse mortality, largely driven by infections, leading to the development of the CAR-HEMATOTOX (HT) score for predicting neutropenia. The European scientific community (EHA/EBMT) later reached a consensus, defining a new entity: immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity (ICAHT).