The Prevalence and Determinants of Undernutrition Among Infants and Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Objective: To explore the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among infants and children aged 6 months to 5 years in sub-Saharan African countries.

Background: Despite substantial progress over the past 20 years, undernutrition has remained an alarming global challenge. Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region where the prevalence of stunting in children younger than 5 years has significantly increased.

Imaging abnormalities of the acromioclavicular joint and subacromial space are common in asymptomatic shoulders: a systematic review.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of acromioclavicular (AC) joint and subacromial space imaging abnormalities in asymptomatic adults, with a secondary objective of comparing findings between asymptomatic and symptomatic shoulders within the same study populations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies examining shoulder imaging abnormalities detected by X-ray, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in asymptomatic adults (PROSPERO registration CRD42018090041). This report focuses on AC joint and subacromial space abnormalities.

Targeted exonic sequencing identifies novel variants in a cerebral small vessel disease cohort.

Background And Aims: Cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs) are a set of conditions that affect the small blood vessels in the brain and can cause severe neurological pathologies such as stroke and vascular dementia. The most common monogenic CSVD is cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) which is caused by mutations in NOTCH3. However, only 15-20% of CADASIL cases referred for genetic testing have pathogenic mutations in NOTCH3.

More than a feeling: emotional regulation strategies for simulation-based education.

Simulation-based education often involves learners or teams attempting to manage situations at the limits of their abilities. As a result, it can elicit emotional reactions in participants. These emotions are not good or bad, they simply are.

Profiling paramedic job tasks, injuries, and physical fitness: A scoping review.

Introduction: The aim of this review was to identify, collect, appraise, and synthesise research profiling paramedic job tasks, injuries sustained, and current fitness levels, to guide optimal workplace performance and enhance injury mitigation efforts.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Reviews, four databases (PubMed, SPORTdiscus, CINAHL, and Embase) were searched using key search terms (derivatives of 'paramedic' and 'injury', 'physical fitness' and 'tasks'). Identified records were screened against eligibility criteria with remaining studies critically appraised.

Respiratory pathogen trends in queensland, australia between 2018 and 2021: A statewide cohort study before and after the initial COVID-19 outbreak.

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and accompanying public health measures disrupted the normal transmission of respiratory viral pathogens. Less is known about the effects on bacterial pathogens.

Aims: To assess the impact of public health restrictions on common respiratory pathogens (influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the following bacterial pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.

Breaking down barriers: A qualitative study of the influence of clinical space design on teamwork.

Background: Delivery of safe maternity care requires not only individual competence but collective team work, influenced by knowledge, team culture and physical working spaces. The ideal layout for a birthing unit is not known, but deliberate changes to the built environment can influence patient care.

Aims: To explore the impact of creation of an open 'hub' on maternity team culture in a tertiary birthing unit and how physical changes to the environment shape values and practice.

Exploring Congruence Between Patient and Clinician Expectations of Benefit in the Non-Surgical Management of Common Musculoskeletal Conditions in Tertiary Care.

Background: Patient and clinician expectations of benefit from recommended management approaches may potentially impact the success of managing musculoskeletal conditions.

Methods: This was a multisite study in an advanced practice musculoskeletal service across Queensland, Australia. Relationships between patient and clinician (advanced physiotherapy practitioner) expectations of benefit, patient characteristics, and clinical outcome recorded 6 months later were explored with regression analysis in 619 patients undergoing non-surgical multidisciplinary care for either knee osteoarthritis (n = 286), low back pain (n = 249) or shoulder impingement syndrome (n = 84).

Scenario and Shooting Performance in Incumbent Deputy Sheriffs/Police Officers, Cadets, and Cadets Who Worked in Custody/Corrections Facilities.

Lockie, RG, Young, MA, Lanham, SN, Orr, RM, Dawes, JJ, and Nagel, TR. Scenario and shooting performance in incumbent deputy sheriffs/police officers, cadets, and cadets who worked in custody/corrections facilities. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Job-specific fitness of law enforcement personnel can decline during their careers.

How to … Overcome Challenges in Implementing Escape Rooms in Medical Education.

Escape rooms have emerged as a dynamic educational tool in medical education, offering immersive experiences that foster critical thinking, teamwork and practical skills. Despite their potential, the implementation of escape rooms faces significant challenges, including resource limitations, curricular integration and ensuring educational effectiveness. This paper presents practical tips to address these challenges, covering aspects such as securing resources, designing scalable and inclusive activities, leveraging technology and evaluating educational outcomes.

Students' experiences of placements in urban indigenous health contexts: developing a culturally responsive workforce.

Background: A culturally responsive health workforce is essential to ensure the delivery of culturally safe health services that meet Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples needs. In partnership with universities, placement providers play an essential role in creating opportunities for immersive experiences that enable students to develop their cultural responsiveness. This study evaluated students' experiences of an innovative student placement model embedded within an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community-Controlled Health Organisation.

Population pharmacokinetics of caspofungin in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-an ASAP ECMO study.

This study aimed to describe the population pharmacokinetics of caspofungin in critically ill patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and to identify dosing regimens with a high likelihood of achieving effective exposures. Serial blood samples were collected over a single-dosing interval during ECMO. Total plasma concentrations were measured by a validated chromatographic assay.

Novel inhibitors of PARP1 and PARP14: design, synthesis, and potentiation of cisplatin efficacy in cancer.

Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a superfamily of enzymes involved in cell survival. Both PARP1 and PARP14 are overexpressed in malignancies. No clinically approved PARP14 inhibitors are available, and PARP1 inhibitors are generally nonspecific, resulting in a need for a more diverse library of selective PARP1 and PARP14 inhibitors.

The spillover effect of economic institutions on the environment: A global evidence from spatial econometric analysis.

This study examines the impact of economic institutions on ecological footprint and their spatial spillover effects globally, covering the period from 2000 to 2021. We focus on economic institutions because institutions that espouse economic freedom are essential for safeguarding environmental quality. We hypothesize that the spatial influence of these institutions varies both globally and regionally.

Sleep Health and Falls Risk for Older Adults Living in Residential Aged Care and in Community Dwelling Settings: A Longitudinal Observation Study.

This study explored measures of subjective and objective sleep health and the association with fall occurrence and falls risk for older adults. A longitudinal observational study was conducted with participants in residential aged care (n = 36) and community dwelling (n = 35) settings. At baseline, objective sleep data involved wearing wrist worn accelerometers and measuring falls risk by walking using the Quantitative timed up and go (QTUG) of a simple, cognitive, and motor task.

Prevalence of Value-Based Care for Older People with Dementia Likely to Be Nearing End of Life: A Hospital Retrospective Cohort.

: Patients with dementia (PwD) nearing end of life (nEOL) do not always receive optimal end-of-life care, including timely specialist palliative care input. In hospitalized PwD likely to be nEOL, we aimed to determine the prevalence of goals of care discussions; the incidence and timing of referral to palliative care; factors associated with palliative care referral and timely (within 2 days) palliative care referral; and the prevalence of polypharmacy (>5 medications) and in-hospital deprescribing (cessation). : A retrospective chart review of a cohort of PwD admitted under geriatric medicine 1 July 2021-30 June 2022 was conducted, screening to identify nEOL status.

Profiling the Occupational Injuries Sustained by Custody Officers: A Systematic Review.

Background/objectives: Custody officers (CO) are often exposed to workplace hazards when monitoring prisoners, managing prisoners' recreational time, or searching for contraband, yet research into their injuries is limited. This review aimed to identify, appraise, and synthesise research investigating injuries in CO.

Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol and registration with the Open Science Framework, a systematic search of five databases (PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, CINAHL and SportDiscus) using key search terms was conducted.

Efficacy of a Multicomponent Physical Activity Intervention for Teachers With or At Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Support, Motivation, and Physical Activity Research for Teachers Health Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a major cause of illness and disability and physical activity reduces these risks. The SMART Health study aim was to compare the efficacy of a multicomponent intervention to promote aerobic physical activity and resistance training in schoolteachers at risk of or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, with and without a technology-based behavior change package.

Methods: We randomized participants (N = 104) into 3 groups: "wait-list" control group, 5 face-to-face visits with a psychologist and exercise specialist (SH group), or 5 face-to-face visits over a 3-month period with a psychologist and exercise specialist, plus a technology-based behavior change package for an additional 6 months (SH+ group).

Women's political participation and disease prevention: Evidence from access to water and sanitation services.

Unsafe water and sanitation remain notable conduits in spreading pathogens and have enormous health implications. It is argued that women are disproportionately affected by the consequences thereof. It is also believed that women who hold political positions tend to prioritize bills and issues that impact the accessibility of public goods and resources.

'It's what we should be doing anyway': using financial incentives to promote relational continuity in Australian General Practice-a nested case study analysis.

Background: Relational continuity is a fundamental component of primary care. The 'Quality in General Practice Trial' (EQuIP-GP), was a 12-month cluster randomized trial, designed to investigate whether financial incentives can improve relational continuity in primary care.

Aim: To examine (i) how financial incentives are perceived and experienced by primary care patients, providers, and practice staff, and (ii) how clinical and organizational routines related to relational continuity are influenced by the introduction of a financial model designed to incentivize relational continuity.

Text message intervention delivered from Australian general practices to improve breast cancer survivors' physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors: protocol for the EMPOWER-SMS-GP effectiveness implementation randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Australian breast cancer survivors are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, partly due to behavioural risk factors, including unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. Guidelines recommend health promotion delivered by general practitioners (GPs), but resources (ie, time and funding) are limited. Text message interventions sent from general practice to survivors may offer a low-resource solution but have not been evaluated.

Understanding Behavior Change in Clinical Practice Guideline Implementation: A Qualitative Study.

Background And Purpose: Growing numbers of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are available to neurologic physical therapists to guide and inform evidence-based patient care. Adherence to CPG recommendations often necessitates behavior change for therapists and patients. The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain insight into the experiences, perspectives, and drivers of behavioral change for therapists working to improve adherence to a CPG.

Reported foodservice environmental sustainability practices in Australian healthcare and aged care services pre and post the onset of COVID-19.

Aims: Healthcare foodservices substantially impact global environmental changes. This study investigated environmentally sustainable practices in Australian health foodservices; and perceptions of the influence of COVID-19 on foodservice environmental sustainability.

Methods: An observational study was undertaken collecting data at two time points (2019 and 2022) via a pre-workshop survey with healthcare foodservice stakeholders.