Spectral Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function Simplification.

Non-diffuse materials (e.g., metallic inks, varnishes, and paints) are widely used in real-world applications.

Extracting rates and activation free energies of martensitic transitions using nanomechanical force statistics: theory, models, and analysis.

Nanomechanical responses (force-time profiles) of crystal lattices under deformation exhibit random critical jumps, reflecting the underlying structural transition processes. Despite extensive data collection, interpreting dynamic critical responses and their underlying mechanisms remains a significant challenge. This study explores a microscopic theoretical approach to analyse critical force fluctuations in martensitic transitions.

Titanium Dioxide (TiO) Incorporation into Poly(ether sulfone) (PES) Hollow Fiber Membranes (HFMs) Improves Biocompatibility and Separation Performance for Bioartificial Kidney (BAK) and Hemodialysis Applications.

Hemodialysis and bioartificial kidney (BAK), which mimic both physical and biological functions, can significantly impact chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Here we report on Hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) with enhanced separation of uremic toxins along with enhanced hemocompatibility and biocompatibility that also promote the growth of kidney cells. The improvement arises from the addition of titanium dioxide (0.

Unified approaches in transition metal catalyzed C(sp)-H functionalization: recent advances and mechanistic aspects.

In organic synthesis, C(sp)-H functionalization is a revolutionary method that allows direct alteration of unactivated C-H bonds. It can obviate the need for pre-functionalization and provides access to streamlined and atom economical routes for the synthesis of complex molecules starting from simple starting materials. Many strategies have evolved, such as photoredox catalysis, organocatalysis, non-directed C-H activation, transiently directed C-H activation, and native functionality directed C-H activation.

Dengue dynamics, predictions, and future increase under changing monsoon climate in India.

The global burden of dengue disease is escalating under the influence of climate change, with India contributing a third of the total. The non-linearity and regional heterogeneity inherent in the climate-dengue relationship and the lack of consistent data makes it difficult to make useful predictions for effective disease prevention. The current study investigates these non-linear climate-dengue links in Pune, a dengue hotspot region in India with a monsoonal climate and presents a model framework for predicting both the near-term and future dengue mortalities.

Autonomous learning of generative models with chemical reaction network ensembles.

Can a micron-sized sack of interacting molecules autonomously learn an internal model of a complex and fluctuating environment? We draw insights from control theory, machine learning theory, chemical reaction network theory and statistical physics to develop a general architecture whereby a broad class of chemical systems can autonomously learn complex distributions. Our construction takes the form of a chemical implementation of machine learning's optimization workhorse: gradient descent on the relative entropy cost function, which we demonstrate can be viewed as a form of integral feedback control. We show how this method can be applied to optimize any detailed balanced chemical reaction network and that the construction is capable of using hidden units to learn complex distributions.

CD44/Integrin β1 Association Drives Fast Motility on Hyaluronic Acid Substrates.

In addition to proteins such as collagen (Col) and fibronectin, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is enriched with bulky proteoglycan molecules such as hyaluronic acid (HA). However, how ECM proteins and proteoglycans collectively regulate cellular processes has not been adequately explored. Here, we address this question by studying cytoskeletal and focal adhesion organization and dynamics on cells cultured on polyacrylamide hydrogels functionalized with Col, HA and a combination of Col and HA (Col/HA).

Interfacial Rheology as a Tool to Characterize the Dynamics of Spontaneous Emulsification.

Water-in-oil emulsions are critical in various fields, including food, agriculture, personal care, and pharmaceuticals. In some situations, spontaneous emulsification occurs in emulsions with high concentrations of oil-soluble surfactants, in which the parent water drops fragment into finer droplets, forming a network near the interface, which exhibits interfacial elasticity. This study investigates this phenomenon using a water/Span 80-paraffin oil system.

Diagnosis and management of residual atrial septal defect after surgical failure: A case series.

Residual defect after surgical closure of atrial septal defect is extremely uncommon. This communication reports four cases encountered in a tertiary care center during the last three decades. Clinical diagnosis was challenging, and the diverse presentations included acute ischemic stroke, cyanosis, and right ventricular volume overload.

Comparative study of inactivation efficacy of far-UVC (222 nm) and germicidal UVC (254 nm) radiation against virus-laden aerosols of artificial human saliva.

Virus-laden aerosols play a substantial role in the spread of numerous infectious diseases, particularly in enclosed indoor settings. Ultraviolet-C (UVC) disinfection is known to be a highly efficient method for disinfecting pathogenic airborne viruses. Recent recommendations suggest using far-UVC radiation (222 nm) emitted by KrCl* (krypton-chloride) excimer lamps to disinfect high-risk public spaces due to lower exposure risks than low-pressure (LP) mercury lamps (254 nm).

Towards molecular structure discovery from cryo-ET density volumes via modelling auxiliary semantic prototypes.

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is confronted with the intricate task of unveiling novel structures. General class discovery (GCD) seeks to identify new classes by learning a model that can pseudo-label unannotated (novel) instances solely using supervision from labeled (base) classes. While 2D GCD for image data has made strides, its 3D counterpart remains unexplored.

Functionalization of polymeric nanomicelles and mixed nanomicelles for targeted retinal delivery in the management of retinoblastoma.

The current research discusses polymer conjugation, formulation development, and evaluation of sorafenib-loaded polymeric nanomicelles of conjugated soluplus (solu-tin) and polymeric mixed nanomicelles of conjugated soluplus (solu-tin) with conjugated poloxamer 188 (polo-tin) for site-specific posterior segment delivery to the retina in managing retinoblastoma. Firstly, the soluplus and poloxamer 188 were conjugated with biotin by Fischer esterification reaction and evaluated by FTIR and H NMR for confirmation of covalent bond formation involving the carboxyl group of biotin and hydroxyl group of polymers. Secondly, the sorafenib-loaded solu-tin nanomicelles and mixed nanomicelles of solu-tin with polo-tin were formulated by the thin film hydration method.

Unraveling the Molecular Architecture of Mosquito D1-Like Dopamine Receptors: Insights Into Ligand Binding and Structural Dynamics for Insecticide Development.

Vector-borne diseases pose a severe threat to human life, contributing significantly to global mortality. Understanding the structure-function relationship of the vector proteins is pivotal for effective insecticide development due to their involvement in drug resistance and disease transmission. This study reports the structural and dynamic features of D1-like dopamine receptors (DARs) in disease-causing mosquito species, such as Aedes aegypti, Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae, and Anopheles stephensi.

Scaling theory for non-Hermitian topological transitions.

Understanding the critical properties is essential for determining the physical behavior of topological systems. In this context, scaling theories based on the curvature function in momentum space, the renormalization group (RG) method, and the universality of critical exponents have proven effective. In this work, we develop a scaling theory for non-Hermitian topological states of matter.

Para-Bombay blood group: Report of a rare blood group.

Para-Bombay blood group is a rare blood group typically characterized by the absence of H antigens on red blood cell and the presence of ABH substances on secretion. It can be easily missed and often mistaken as blood group O without extended testing. Detection is important as it significantly affect transfusion management.

Identifying Drug Prescription in Newly Diagnosed Hypertension Patients in India.

This study evaluated initial antihypertensive drug prescription patterns in Indian healthcare settings. An observational, cross-sectional, prospective prescription registry analyzed prescriptions for 4723 newly diagnosed hypertension patients. Additionally, it investigated the extent to which physicians adhered to either European or Indian hypertension guidelines.

Development of multifunctional fluorescence-emitting potential theranostic agents for Alzheimer's disease.

The cholinergic deficits and amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation are the mainstream simultaneously observed pathologies during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deposited Aβ plaques are considered to be the primary pathological hallmarks of AD and are contemplated as promising diagnostic biomarker. Herein, a series of novel theranostic agents were designed, synthesised and evaluated against cholinesterase (ChEs) enzymes and detection of Aβ species, which are major targets for development of therapeutics for AD.

Loss of correlated proteasomal subunit expression selectively promotes the 20S state which underlies luminal breast tumorigenicity.

Why cancer cells disproportionately accumulate polyubiquitinated proteotoxic proteins despite high proteasomal activity is an outstanding question. While mis-regulated ubiquitination is a contributing factor, here we show that a structurally-perturbed and sub-optimally functioning proteasome is at the core of altered proteostasis in tumors. By integrating the gene coexpression signatures of proteasomal subunits in breast cancer (BrCa) patient tissues with the atomistic details of 26S holocomplex, we find that the transcriptional deregulation induced-stoichiometric imbalances perpetuate with disease severity.

Tuning the electronic structure and SMSI by integrating trimetallic sites with defective ceria for the CO reduction reaction.

Heterogeneous catalysts have emerged as a potential key for closing the carbon cycle by converting carbon dioxide (CO) into value-added chemicals. In this work, we report a highly active and stable ceria (CeO)-based electronically tuned trimetallic catalyst for CO to CO conversion. A unique distribution of electron density between the defective ceria support and the trimetallic nanoparticles (of Ni, Cu, Zn) was established by creating the strong metal support interaction (SMSI) between them.

Identification of a Bmh in a Chinese Individual.

Background: The Bombay and para-Bombay blood groups are rare blood types that are significant to clinical blood transfusions. Accurate para-Bombay blood group identification is important for the safety of transfusions.

Methods: Serological and molecular biology methods were used to detect one case of ABO blood type.

Quantifying Magnetic Anisotropy of Series of Five-Coordinate Co Ions: Experimental and Theoretical Insights.

Stabilizing large easy-axis type magnetic anisotropy in molecular complexes is a challenging task, yet it is crucial for the development of information storage devices and applications in molecular spintronics. Achieving this requires a deep understanding of electronic structure and the relationships between structure and properties to develop magneto-structural correlations that are currently unexplored in the literature. Herein, a series of five-coordinate distorted square pyramidal Co complexes [Co(L)(X)].

Atraumatic Bilateral Transcervical Femoral Neck Fractures in an Elderly Epileptic Patient: A Case Report.

Introduction: The occurrence of non-traumatic bilateral femoral neck fractures is exceedingly rare, and their manifestation subsequent to an epileptic attack is an uncommon entity with very few cases reported globally.

Case Report: We present the positive outcome of a 68-year-old man who underwent staged bilateral constrained total hip arthroplasty following a fracture resulting from a generalized seizure. This unconventional decision was justified based on several factors, including fracture pattern, bone quality, seizure history, and advanced tribology.

Dual-Sided Superhydrophobic Laser-Induced Graphene Evaporator for Efficient Desalination and Brine Treatment under High Salinity.

The immense energy footprint of desalination and brine treatment is a barrier to a green economy. Interfacial evaporation (IE) offers a sustainable approach to water purification by efficient energy conversion. However, conventional evaporators are susceptible to fluctuations in solar radiation and the salinity of handling liquid.

Voices of Nanomedicine: Blueprint Guidelines for Collaboration in Addressing Global Unmet Medical Needs.

The "" under this Perspective underline the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and partnerships across several disciplines, such as medical science and technology, medicine, bioengineering, and computational approaches, in bridging the gap between research, manufacturing, and clinical applications. Effective communication is key to bridging team gaps, enhancing trust, and resolving conflicts, thereby fostering teamwork and individual growth toward shared goals. Drawing from the success of the COVID-19 vaccine development, we advocate the application of similar collaborative models in other complex health areas such as nanomedicine and biomedical engineering.

The Ivermectin Related Compound Moxidectin Can Target Apicomplexan Importin α and Limit Growth of Malarial Parasites.

Signal-dependent transport into and out of the nucleus mediated by members of the importin (IMP) superfamily is crucial for eukaryotic function, with inhibitors targeting IMPα being of key interest as anti-infectious agents, including against the apicomplexan species and , causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis, respectively. We recently showed that the FDA-approved macrocyclic lactone ivermectin, as well as several other different small molecule inhibitors, can specifically bind to and inhibit and IMPα functions, as well as limit parasite growth. Here we focus on the FDA-approved antiparasitic moxidectin, a structural analogue of ivermectin, for its IMPα-targeting and anti-apicomplexan properties for the first time.