An exploration of the relationship between active learning and student motivation in STEM: a mixed methods study.

Much of the research on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students' motivation measures the relationship between student motivation and academic outcomes, focusing on the student's mindset. Our mixed-methods research takes a different approach and considers the relationship between student motivation and instructional practices. Teaching practices and student motivation were analyzed simultaneously in undergraduate Biology classes using a self-determination theory-based survey to measure students' motivation during courses that were observed using the Classroom Observation Protocol for Undergraduate STEM (COPUS), and observation notes were collected to document instructor and student behaviors.

Arthropod prey type drives decomposition rates and microbial community processes.

Unlabelled: Microbial communities perform various functions, many of which contribute to ecosystem-level nutrient cycling via decomposition. Factors influencing leaf detrital decomposition are well understood in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, but much less is known about arthropod detrital inputs. Here, we sought to infer how differences in arthropod detritus affect microbial-driven decomposition and community function in a carnivorous pitcher plant, .

OPTIMAL theory's claims about motivation lack evidence in the motor learning literature.

Motivation is commonly recognized by researchers and practitioners as a key factor for motor learning. The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016) claims that practice conditions that enhance learners' expectancies for future successful outcomes or that are autonomy supportive are motivating, thus leading to better learning. To examine the current evidence of the association between motivation and motor learning, we searched the literature for studies that manipulated expectancies and/or autonomy support.

Postural change, gait, and physical function in older adults.

Unlabelled: In a more clinical setting, abrupt posture change may be used to determine the presence of orthostatic hypotension, a hemodynamic response with relationships to physical function. Certain gait features and physical function performance are also associated with risk of falling in older adults. However, the extent to which posture change is associated with subsequent gait and physical function has received little attention in the literature.

Narrative reviews in anesthesia and pain medicine: guidelines for producers, reviewers and consumers.

Well-established guidelines and checklists for authors, reviewers, and readers of systematic reviews and scoping reviews are readily available. However, the availability of such for narrative reviews is lacking, including, but not limited to, field-specific guidelines in the field of anesthesia and pain medicine. In this brief article, we review the differences between the major types of reviews, followed by a more detailed description of narrative reviews that clearly differentiates them from other types of reviews.

FABP5-binding lipids regulate autophagy in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells.

The motor features of Parkinson's disease result from loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra with autophagy dysfunction being closely linked to this disease. While a large body of work focusing on protein effectors of autophagy has been reported, regulation of autophagy by lipids has garnered far less attention. Therefore, we sought to identify endogenous lipid molecules that act as signaling mediators of autophagy in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, a commonly used dopaminergic neuron-like cell model.

Movement and Pressure Injury Prevention Care for Nursing Home Residents: Addressing the Nescience.

Objective: To compare movement associated with position changes among nursing home residents who remain in lying versus upright positions for more than 2 hours and among residents living with obesity, dementia, or neither condition.

Methods: The authors conducted a descriptive exploratory study using secondary data (N = 934) from the Turn Everyone And Move for Ulcer Prevention (TEAM-UP) clinical trial to examine transient movements (<60 seconds) within prolonged periods of 2 to 5 hours without repositioning.

Results: Nursing home residents exhibit significantly more episodic transient movements when upright than lying.

Understanding Men's Lived Experience of Mental Distress Through Metaphors.

The use of tailored language, which involves a clinician's ability to adapt communication styles and employ accessible terms and concepts, has long been touted as key to engaging men with mental health services. Metaphors are one communication device that can provide men with ways through which to meaningfully express themselves and communicate their mental distress experiences. Using qualitative photovoice research, the current study examined how New Zealand-based men ( = 21) communicatively constructed their meaning of mental distress through metaphors.

The Icelandic Prevention Model Evaluation Framework and Implementation Integrity and Consistency Assessment.

The Icelandic Prevention Model (IPM) follows a systematic but flexible process of community capacity building, data collection, analysis, dissemination, and community-engaged decision-making to guide the data-informed selection, prioritization, and implementation of intervention strategies in preventing adolescent substance use. This paper describes two new evaluation tools intended to assess the: 1) integrity of IPM implementation, and 2) unique aspects of IPM implementation in different community contexts. These evaluation tools include a: 1) five-phase IPM Evaluation Framework for Assessing Value Across Communities, Cultures, and Outcomes (IPM-EF); and 2) 10-Step IPM Implementation Integrity and Consistency Assessment (IPM-IICA) that utilizes both quantitative (scored) and qualitative (narrative) data elements to characterize implementation integrity and consistency at both community coalition and school community levels.

Experimental recreationist noise alters behavior and space use of wildlife.

Providing outdoor recreational opportunities to people and protecting wildlife are dual goals of many land managers. However, recreation is associated with negative effects on wildlife, ranging from increased stress hormones to shifts in habitat use to lowered reproductive success. Noise from recreational activities can be far reaching and have similar negative effects on wildlife, yet the impacts of these auditory encounters are less studied and are often unobservable.

Pulsed electric field effect on acrylamide reduction and quality attributes of continuous-style Lamoka potato chips.

Potato chips are a popular snack, well-liked because of their texture-flavor combination. Potato chips are made by frying slices of potato in vegetable oil to achieve a crispy texture. Frying potato slices initiates the Maillard reaction, resulting in chemical changes that enhance taste, color, and texture, but also undesired acrylamides, which are suspected carcinogens.

Synergistic interface and structural engineering for high initial coulombic efficiency and stable sodium storage in metal sulfides.

Transition metal sulfides (TMS) have gained significant attention as potential anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity and abundance in nature. Nevertheless, their practical use has been impeded by challenges such as large volume changes, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and low initial coulombic efficiency (ICE). To address these issues and achieve both long-term cycling stability and high ICE simultaneously, we present a novel approach involving surface engineering, termed as the "dual-polar confinement" strategy, combined with interface engineering to enhance the electrochemical performance of TMS.

An analysis of the social, cultural, and ecological factors that affect the implementation of biosecurity measures on smallholder commercial swine farms in Italy in the context of an emerging African Swine Fever outbreak.

African Swine Fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease that infects wild and domesticated swine. In early 2022, the virus was found in wild boar in the Apennine mountains of mainland Italy. Since then, it has spread from wild boar to domesticated swine.

Using Cognitive Rehearsal to Address Faculty Incivility in Nursing Academe.

Background: Faculty-to-faculty incivility is a national and global problem. Recent studies examining faculty incivility in nursing academe found that respondents expressed emotional and physical distress stemming from workplace incivility, and most avoid dealing with the problem. A top strategy for improving workplace civility includes providing ongoing education to improve communication skills.

Not Only How Much But How: The Importance Of Diversifying Funding Streams In A Reimagined Public Health System.

Revenue diversification may be a synergistic strategy for transforming public health, yet few national or trend data are available. This study quantified and identified patterns in revenue diversification in public health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used National Association of County and City Health Officials' National Profile of Local Health Departments study data for 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022 to calculate a yearly diversification index for local health departments.

Utilizing a comparative approach to assess genome evolution during diploidization in Artemisia tridentata, a keystone species of western North America.

Premise: Polyploidization is often followed by diploidization. Diploidization is generally studied using synthetic polyploid lines and/or crop plants, but rarely using extant diploids or nonmodel plants such as Artemisia tridentata. This threatened western North American keystone species has a large genome compared to congeneric Artemisia species; dominated by diploid and tetraploid cytotypes, with multiple origins of tetraploids with genome size reduction.

Gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis and animal models.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disease marked by a host immune reaction that targets and destroys the neuronal myelin sheath. MS and correlating animal disease models show comorbidities, including intestinal barrier disruption and alterations of the commensal microbiome. It is accepted that diet plays a crucial role in shaping the microbiota composition and overall gastrointestinal (GI) tract health, suggesting an interplay between nutrition and neuroinflammation via the gut-brain axis.

Computational Lower Limb Simulator Boundary Conditions to Reproduce Measured TKA Loading in a Cohort of Telemetric Implant Patients.

Recent advancements in computational modeling offer opportunities to refine total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design and treatment strategies. This study developed patient-specific simulator external boundary conditions (EBCs) using a PID-controlled lower limb finite element (FE) model. Calibration of the external actuation required to achieve measured patient-specific joint loading and motion was completed for nine patients with telemetric implants during gait, stair descent, and deep knee bend.

Behavioral pathways from sibling relationships in adolescence to romantic partnerships in adulthood.

Sibling relationships in adolescence provide rich and relevant socializing opportunities for developing early adult romantic relationships, but much less is known regarding the effect of siblings on future romantic partnerships. Using a prospective, longitudinal design, we investigated the association between observed positive behaviors (warmth, support, positive communication), sibling pairs during adolescence (7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th grades), and the same observed behaviors between adult romantic partners nearly two decades later (M age = 31 years old). In structural equation models (SEMs), we tested four dyadic pathways of interest: (1) individual behavioral continuity; (2) evocative partner effects; (3) sibling modeling; and (4) sibling-to-partner matching.

Effect of age on ankle biomechanics and tibial compression during stair descent.

Background: Stress fracture is a concern among older adults, as age-related decrements in ankle neuromuscular function may impair their ability to attenuate tibial compressive forces experienced during daily locomotor tasks, such as stair descent. Yet, it is unknown if older adults exhibit greater tibial compression than their younger counterparts when descending stairs.

Research Question: Do older adults exhibit differences in ankle biomechanics that alter their tibial compression during stair descent compared to young adults, and is there a relation between tibial compression and specific changes in ankle biomechanics?

Methods: Thirteen young (18-25 years) and 13 older (> 65 years) adults had ankle joint biomechanics and tibial compression quantified during a stair descent.

Goal setting in later life: an international comparison of older adults' defined goals.

Background: Studies of goal setting in later life tend to focus on health-related goal setting, are pre-determined by the researcher (i.e., tick box), and/or are focused on a specific geographical area (i.

Nuclear actin structure regulates chromatin accessibility.

Polymerized β-actin may provide a structural basis for chromatin accessibility and actin transport into the nucleus can guide mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Using MSC, we show that using CK666 to inhibit Arp2/3 directed secondary actin branching results in decreased nuclear actin structure, and significantly alters chromatin access measured with ATACseq at 24 h. The ATAC-seq results due to CK666 are distinct from those caused by cytochalasin D (CytoD), which enhances nuclear actin structure.