The Cost of Primary Care: An Experience Analysis in an Urban Setting.

Objectives: PhilHealth's present health benefit scheme is largely centered on in-patient services. This inadvertently incentivizes hospital admissions for increased access to benefit coverage. To address this problem, this study proposes a costing method to comprehensively finance outpatient care.

The role of socio-economic determinants in the interregional allocation of healthcare resources: Some insights from the 2023 reform in the Italian NHS.

This paper discusses a reform recently implemented in the Italian National Health Service, aimed at adding some socio-economic indicators to the criteria adopted for allocating healthcare funding to Regions. The reform is based on international experience in healthcare financing in decentralized settings and provides a case study of special interest since Italy is a country with significant territorial disparities and severe budget constraints. The paper first discusses the long-standing debate between Italian Regions which led to the reform.

Role of Social Media for Medical Oncologists and Medical Oncology Fellows (SMARTY): An Italian Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: The use of social media is transforming physician-patient communication, mainly in the field of medical oncology. The pattern of social media use by medical oncologists is poorly studied. Therefore, we developed a survey to understand the preferences, experiences, opinions, and expectations of Italian medical oncologists and oncology fellows regarding the use of social media in cancer medicine to identify the different profiles of social media users.

BRAND: Brand recognition and attitude norms database.

Research involving brands has increased substantially in recent decades. However, no extensive and free dataset of consumer responses to branding stimuli exists. The present research develops and validates such a dataset, which we call the Brand Recognition and Attitude Norms Database (BRAND).

Caregiver preferences and willingness-to-pay for home care services for older people with dementia: A discrete choice experiment in the Milan metropolitan area.

Objectives: Dementia is a major health and social care challenge in high-income countries where most people are cared for in their own homes. This study aimed to elicit caregiver preferences for alternative bundles of home care services in the Milan metropolitan area.

Methods: A binary discrete choice experiment was administered to a sample of informal caregivers of people with dementia recruited through a network of non-profit organizations.

The temporal alignment of mental health consultations across family members: a study of Norwegian adolescents, their parents, and siblings.

Purpose: Mental health problems among adolescents have become more prevalent in recent years. Parents' and siblings' mental health might be affected by living with a depressed adolescent. This study examines how the mental health of family members develops in the years before and after an adolescent seeks help for depression.

Triage at shift changes and distortions in the perception and treatment of emergency patients.

Employing more than 2 million emergency department (ED) records, we combine machine learning and regression discontinuity to document novel distortions in triage nurses' assessments of patients' conditions and investigate the short- and medium-term consequences for patients. We show that triage nurses progressively become more lenient during their shifts, and identical ED patients arriving just after a shift change are thus assigned a lower priority. We show that these patients receive lower levels of care and require additional emergency care afterward.

Homecoming After Brexit: Evidence on Academic Migration From Bibliometric Data.

This study assesses the initial effects of the 2016 Brexit referendum on the mobility of academic scholars to and from the United Kingdom (UK). We leverage bibliometric data from millions of Scopus publications to infer changes in the countries of residence of published researchers by the changes in their institutional affiliations over time. We focus on a selected sample of active and internationally mobile researchers whose movements are traceable for every year between 2013 and 2019 and measure the changes in their migration patterns.

Inter- and Intrahemispheric Sources of Vestibular Signals to V1.

Head movements are sensed by the vestibular organs. Unlike classical senses, signals from vestibular organs are not conveyed to a dedicated cortical area but are broadcast throughout the cortex. Surprisingly, the routes taken by vestibular signals to reach the cortex are still largely uncharted.

Stratified Fertility: Age Norms, Ideals, Behaviors, and the Role of National Contexts.

A growing body of research shows that demographic attitudes and behaviors across the life course are socially stratified. Building on this and focusing on the transition to parenthood, we hypothesize that (i) parental socioeconomic status is associated with multiple dimensions of the transition to parenthood, including fertility norms (perceived lower age limit at first birth), ideals (ideal age at first birth), and behaviors (age at first birth), and that (ii) this association varies across national contexts, as national contexts determine the opportunities and constraints that guide young adults' life course attitudes and behaviors. Drawing on the European Social Survey 2006 and 2018 data, we analyze early fertility norms and ideals and later fertility behaviors of a pseudo-panel of individuals born between 1976 and 1988.

Implementation of Machine Learning Applications in Health Care Organizations: Systematic Review of Empirical Studies.

Background: There is a growing enthusiasm for machine learning (ML) among academics and health care practitioners. Despite the transformative potential of ML-based applications for patient care, their uptake and implementation in health care organizations are sporadic. Numerous challenges currently impede or delay the widespread implementation of ML in clinical practice, and limited knowledge is available regarding how these challenges have been addressed.

Thermodynamics of the Fredrickson-Andersen model on the Bethe lattice.

The statics of the Fredrickson-Andersen model (FAM) of the liquid-glass transition is solved on the Bethe lattice (BL). The kinetic constraints of the FAM imply on the BL an ergodicity-breaking transition to a (glassy) phase where a fraction of spins of the system is permanently blocked, and the remaining "free" spins become nontrivially correlated. We compute several observables of the ergodicity-broken phase, such as the self-overlap, the configurational entropy, and the spin-glass susceptibility, and we compare the analytical predictions with numerical experiments.

Dynamical regimes of diffusion models.

We study generative diffusion models in the regime where both the data dimension and the sample size are large, and the score function is trained optimally. Using statistical physics methods, we identify three distinct dynamical regimes during the generative diffusion process. The generative dynamics, starting from pure noise, first encounters a speciation transition, where the broad structure of the data emerges, akin to symmetry breaking in phase transitions.

Precision oncology implementation in a regional-based health care system: A professional consensus to define the pathway.

Objective: Precision Oncology requires deep changes in organizational settings but little evidence has been identified about the best strategy to guarantee the delivery of this innovation to patients. In the Italian health care system, high heterogeneity could jeopardize equal access opportunity for patients. Following a consensus method, we aim to define shared solutions to address these issues in clinical practice.

Scaling up integrated care: Can community hospitals be an answer? A multiple-case study from the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy.

Integrated care is considered to be essential in improving care for people with chronic conditions who need continuous care. In 2022, the Italian Government asked all regions to build or renovate a massive number of community care facilities, employing European Next Generation funds, to be spent by 2026. Under the theoretical lens of the Structural Contingency Theory, the paper aims at aims at describing the contextual and organizational factors underlying the interconnection between integrated care and community hospitals.

Postpartum Screening for Type 2 Diabetes in Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Singapore.

Objectives: In Singapore, diabetes imposes a huge population health and economic burden. Despite that, there is paucity of evidence on the health economics of screening programs for type 2 diabetes, especially in the context of screening after gestational diabetes (GDM). The objective of this study is to assess cost-effectiveness of universal lifelong screening for type 2 diabetes after GDM, which is supported by current guidelines, compared with elective screening where 54% of mothers with GDM undertake one-off screening.

Every cloud has a silver lining: Winners and losers from droughts.

The paper aims to analyse the socioeconomic impacts of the 2022 drought on Italian agriculture, focusing on its distributive effects either from the sectoral or the regional perspective. A methodology based on consumer surplus theory was adopted. This allowed for identifying and quantifying impacts in terms of overall well-being for two different stakeholders: farmers and consumers.

How Explainable Artificial Intelligence Can Increase or Decrease Clinicians' Trust in AI Applications in Health Care: Systematic Review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has significant potential in clinical practice. However, its "black box" nature can lead clinicians to question its value. The challenge is to create sufficient trust for clinicians to feel comfortable using AI, but not so much that they defer to it even when it produces results that conflict with their clinical judgment in ways that lead to incorrect decisions.

Correction: Outcomes of Patients With Early and Locally Advanced Lung Cancer: Protocol for the Italian Lung Cancer Observational Study (LUCENT).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/57183.].

Intergenerational persistence of poverty in five high-income countries.

Childhood poverty increases the likelihood of adult poverty. However, past research offers conflicting accounts of cross-national variation in the strength of-and mechanisms underpinning-the intergenerational persistence of poverty. Here the authors investigate differences in intergenerational poverty in the United States, Australia, Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom using administrative- and survey-based panel datasets.

The power of artificial intelligence for managing pandemics: A primer for public health professionals.

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are complex and rapidly evolving, and thus often poorly understood, but have potentially profound implications for public health. We offer a primer for public health professionals that explains some of the key concepts involved and examines how these applications might be used in the response to a future pandemic. They include early outbreak detection, predictive modelling, healthcare management, risk communication, and health surveillance.

Cost-Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination in Healthy Children: A 10-Year Population-Based Study.

: Seasonal influenza annually puts a significant burden on the pediatric population, especially the youngest, causing severe illness and death. Additionally, associated healthcare costs cause a significant financial strain on healthcare systems. While vaccination is the most effective prevention method, its cost-effectiveness for healthy children remains unassessed.