Bridging the gap: A scoping review of endovascular and microsurgical approaches to anterior ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulas.

Introduction: Dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) are abnormal anastomoses between meningeal arteries and dural venous sinuses. Typically, dAVF treatment involves an endovascular or microsurgical approach. Anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) dAVFs pose unique challenges due to their anatomy and location.

CASE (CemiplimAb-rwlc Survivorship and Epidemiology): a study in advanced basal cell carcinoma.

Patients diagnosed with metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have a poor prognosis. The current standard of care for adults with locally advanced or metastatic BCC who are not candidates for surgery or radiation therapy is treatment with hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HHIs). For patients who progress while on this therapy, further treatment options are limited.

Intramedullary Nail Failure in a Subtrochanteric Fracture in a 62-Year-Old Woman.

Subtrochanteric fractures in older patients are typically due to low-energy falls. The standard of care is intramedullary nailing. The Smith & Nephew Trigen Intertan (Memphis, TN, US) is an intramedullary nail with a novel design that incorporates two integrated compression screws.

Differentiating Cystic Lesions in the Sellar Region of the Brain Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Early Diagnosis: A Prospective Review of the Novel Diagnostic Modalities.

This paper investigates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to enhance the differentiation of cystic lesions in the sellar region, such as pituitary adenomas, Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) and craniopharyngiomas (CP), through the use of advanced neuroimaging techniques, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The goal is to explore how AI-driven models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), deep learning, and ensemble methods, can overcome the limitations of traditional diagnostic approaches, providing more accurate and early differentiation of these lesions. The review incorporates findings from critical studies, such as using the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS) dataset (Kaggle, San Francisco, USA) for MRI-based brain research, highlighting the significance of statistical rigor and automated segmentation in developing reliable AI models.

Spectroscopic and calorimetric study of the interaction between Nile blue and double-stranded RNA.

Nile blue has been widely used in histological staining, fluorescence labeling, and DNA probing, with its intercalation behavior into the DNA helix being well documented. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation to address a current knowledge gap regarding the binding properties of Nile blue to two types of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA): poly(A·U) and poly(I·C), using various biophysical techniques. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies suggest a significant binding interaction between Nile blue and the two designated dsRNAs, specifically indicating an intercalation binding mode with poly(A·U) and demonstrating a noticeably higher binding affinity compared to poly(I·C).

DaxibotulinumtoxinA Treatment for Laryngeal Respiratory Dystonia.

Background: Laryngeal respiratory dystonia (LRD) is diagnosed based on clinical presentation, patient history, and physical examination. Key indicators include dyspnea, desynchronized breathing patterns, and laryngoscopic findings that reveal vocal fold adduction during inspiration. Treatment for LRD remains controversial and often yields limited effectiveness.

Comparing the Artificial Intelligence Detection Models to Standard Diagnostic Methods and Alternative Models in Identifying Alzheimer's Disease in At-Risk or Early Symptomatic Individuals: A Scoping Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative illnesses place a heavy strain on the world's healthcare systems, particularly among the aging population. With a focus on research from January 2022 to September 2023, this scoping review, which adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-Scr) criteria, examines the changing landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for early AD detection and diagnosis. Forty-four carefully chosen articles were selected from a pool of 2,966 articles for the qualitative synthesis.

Decoding Deception: The binding affinity of cuttlefish ink on shark smell receptors.

Chemical signaling can play a crucial role in predator-prey dynamics. Here, we present evidence that ink from the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) targets olfactory receptor proteins in shark, potentially acting as a predator deterrence. We apply in silico 3D docking analysis to investigate the binding affinity of various odorant molecules to shark olfactory receptors of two shark species: cloudy catshark (Scyliorhinus torazame) and white shark (Carcharodon carcharias).

Leveraging Large Language Models in Radiology Research: A Comprehensive User Guide.

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have been increasingly integrated into radiology research, revolutionizing the research landscape. The Radiology Research Alliance (RRA) of the Association for Academic Radiology (AAR) has convened a Task Force to develop this guide to help radiology researchers responsibly adopt LLM technologies. LLMs can improve various phases of the research process by helping to automate literature reviews, generate research questions, analyze complex datasets, and draft manuscripts.

TraitTrainR: accelerating large-scale simulation under models of continuous trait evolution.

Motivation: The scale and scope of comparative trait data are expanding at unprecedented rates, and recent advances in evolutionary modeling and simulation sometimes struggle to match this pace. Well-organized and flexible applications for conducting large-scale simulations of evolution hold promise in this context for understanding models and more so our ability to confidently estimate them with real trait data sampled from nature.

Results: We introduce , an R package designed to facilitate efficient, large-scale simulations under complex models of continuous trait evolution.

A Scoping Review on Sex and Gender Differences in the Adverse Health Outcomes of Individuals with Sickle Cell Trait.

Although there is an emerging body of evidence that addresses the adverse health outcomes of individuals with sickle cell trait (SCT), it is not clear if the findings are generalizable from a sex and gender perspective. The purpose of this scoping review was to complete an assessment of main concepts, identify knowledge gaps, and determine the potential value of conducting an eventual systematic review. The research question guiding this scoping review is: In SCT individuals with adverse health outcomes, what is known about sex and gender differences? We conducted a scoping review of research on SCT from 2016 to 2022 across five databases, with 36 research studies included in the review.

Microbiological Profiles and Patterns of Resistance in Patients With Sinus Infections After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery.

Objective: Identify common pathogens and antibiotic resistances in chronic rhinosinusitis patients post-endoscopic sinus surgery presenting with an active sinus infection.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Single-institution rhinology private practice in Southeast Florida.

Updated Geriatrics Competencies for Graduating Medical Students: Training Physicians to Provide Age-Friendly Care.

Purpose: Medical student education in geriatrics is a critical need for every doctor-in-training as the population ages, with fewer than 7,000 geriatricians, and older patients, who now approach 20% of the U.S. population, having unique health care needs.

Spatial Deep Learning Approach to Older Driver Classification.

Given telemetry datasets (e.g., GPS location, speed, direction, distance.

A Closer Look at the Giant with Feet of Clay: Analyzing and Refining Neff´s Theory of Self-Compassion.

In this article, the authors aim to offer a perspective on self-compassion capable of becoming part of a unified psychology; however not "from scratch", but based on what Neff (2003a, b) proposed. This is through the analysis and refinement of her theory in two stages. First, they check whether the supposed six factors exist in the constitution of self-compassion using the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) technique in a collected sample for this study (249 participants, 69.

Intravenous Efgartigimod Alfa as Initial Monotherapy for Disabling Ocular Myasthenia in an Elderly Patient with Multiple Comorbidities.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one of the most common neuromuscular disorders. It is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction, presenting with fluctuating muscle weakness that commonly affects the ocular, bulbar, proximal, and respiratory muscles. Treating MG in the older population with preexisting comorbidities can be challenging.

Generalized measures of population synchrony.

Synchronized behavior among individuals, broadly defined, is a ubiquitous feature of populations. Understanding mechanisms of (de)synchronization demands meaningful, interpretable, computable quantifications of synchrony, relevant to measurements that can be made of complex, dynamic populations. Despite the importance to analyzing and modeling populations, existing notions of synchrony often lack rigorous definitions, may be specialized to a particular experimental system and/or measurement, or may have undesirable properties that limit their utility.

Development and characterization of fluorescent cholesteryl probes with enhanced solvatochromic and pH-sensitive properties for live-cell imaging.

We present novel fluorescent cholesteryl probes (CNDs) with a modular design based on the solvatochromic 1,8-phthalimide scaffold. We have explored how different modules-linkers and head groups-affect the ability of these probes to integrate into lipid membranes and how they distribute intracellularly in mouse astrocytes and fibroblasts targeting lysosomes and lipid droplets. Each compound was assessed for its solvatochromic behavior in organic solvents and model membranes.

An update on the prevalence and management of Bertolotti's syndrome.

Bertolotti's Syndrome, a subset of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV), is one cause of chronic low back pain (LBP), and a commonly overlooked differential diagnosis. The incidence of Bertolotti's Syndrome has been underestimated in the past and is common in those of younger ages around 30-40. Although diagnostics, imaging methods, and treatment algorithms have been improved in the past few years, there is no gold standard and more long-term, prospective research is needed.

Impact of ERAS Protocol with Multimodal Anesthesia on Perioperative Outcomes after Open AAA Repair.

Objective: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) clinical pathways have demonstrated improved perioperative outcomes after major surgery. However, its adoption within vascular surgery has been limited. In this study, we examined the impact of an ERAS protocol with multimodal anesthesia on open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair by comparing early outcomes before and after its implementation.

Current Trends in Remote and Flexible Work Options in Radiology and Perception of Impact on Radiologist Well-being.

Objective: This study aims to assess the current trends in remote and flexible work models in radiology, evaluate their perceived impact on radiologists' well-being, and explore the importance of these options in shaping employment decisions.

Methods: A voluntary, anonymous survey was sent to 981 members of the Association of Academic Radiologists (AAR) in April 2024. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographics and trends in remote and flexible work participation.

Evaluation of the use of intraosseous access on adult patients presenting to the emergency department in urban South Africa.

Background: Timely vascular access forms a necessary part of patient management in the Emergency Department (ED). Factors such as hypotension, intravenous drug use, obesity, dark skin, patients at extremes of age, and patients with multiple injuries may make peripheral intravenous cannulation difficult. The intraosseous route remains a suitable alternative for emergency circulatory access.

Good Manufacturing Practice-grade fibronectin for hollow-fiber bioreactor cell manufacture: a mesenchymal stromal cell case study.

Background Aims: The need for large-scale production of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based cellular therapeutics continues to grow around the globe. Manual cell expansion processes can be highly variable between operators, require significant hands-on time from skilled staff and, because of the large number of open manipulation steps required to produce cells in dose-relevant quantities, be prone to greater risk of contamination relative to automated processes. All of these can increase overall production costs and risks to the patient.

Trends and variations in admissions for cannabis use disorder among pregnant women in United States.

Objectives: Cannabis use disorder (CUD) among pregnant women is increasing, yet limited information exists on admissions for treatment in this population. This study examined trends in CUD admissions among pregnant women in publicly funded U.S.