β-Catenin and Associated Proteins Regulate Lineage Differentiation in Ground State Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells.

Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) cultured in defined medium resemble the pre-implantation epiblast in the ground state, with full developmental capacity including the germline. β-Catenin is required to maintain ground state pluripotency in mouse ESCs, but its exact role is controversial. Here, we reveal a Tcf3-independent role of β-catenin in restraining germline and somatic lineage differentiation genes.

[Long-Term Outcome of 940 Children with Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated with CCLG-ALL 2008: A Prospective Single Center Study in China].

Objective: To study the long-term efficacy of CCLG-ALL2008 protocol used for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methods: Nine hundred and forty children with newly diagnosed ALL from January 2008 to April 2015 were treated with CCLG-ALL2008 protocol. Overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

TOSO interacts with SYK and enhances BCR pathway activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Background: TOSO, also named Fas inhibitory molecule 3 (FAIM3), has recently been identified as an immunoglobulin M (IgM) Fc receptor (FcμR). Previous studies have shown that TOSO is specifically over-expressed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the functions of TOSO in CLL remain unknown.

[CD20 is not a poor prognostic factor for childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia with high white blood cell count].

Objective: To study the significance of CD20 combined with white blood cell (WBC) count at diagnosis in the prognosis assessment in children with B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 821 B-ALL children who were treated with CCLG-ALL2008 regimen from April 2008 to April 2015. Their survival status was followed up.

[Hematopoietic Stem Cells Differentiate into the Megakaryocyte Lineage--Review].

Abstract　　Hematopoietic stem cells are able to self-renewal and differentiate to all blood lineages. With the development of new technologies, recent studies have proposed the revised versions of hematopoiesis. In the classical model of hematopoietic differentiation, HSCs were located at the apex of hematopoietic hierarchy.

[Navitoclax Combined with Daunorubicin Promotes Apoptosis of Erythroleukemia Cell Lines K562, HEL and TF-1].

Objective: To study the effect of apoptotic drug Navitoclax (NTX) combined with chemotherapy drug Daunorubicin (DNR) on apoptosis of erythroleukemia cells.

Methods: K562, HEL and TF-1 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with NTX, DNR and combination of the two drugs. CCK-8 test, Annexin V-DAPI double-staining flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR were used to detect cell growth, cell apoptosis and expression of BAX, BAK, BCL-2, BCL-xl and BIM respectively.

Comparative Study of Mizoribine and Mycophenolate Mofetil Combined with a Calcineurin Inhibitor-Based Immunosuppressive Regimen in Patients with Alternative Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remain the major causes of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) in patients following alternative donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Mizoribine (MZR) showed an anti-CMV effect in addition to its immunosuppressive effect in patients with renal transplantation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MZR combined with a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) as a method of prophylactic immunosuppression in recipients following alternative donor HCT.

Long-term remissions of young patients with high-risk follicular lymphoma after first-line autologous stem cell transplantation: Three case reports.

Rationale: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is not routinely recommended as first-line choice for follicular lymphoma (FL). However, we actually have observed that young patients with extremely high-risk factors benefit from ASCT. This study aims to speculate the rationality of ASCT as first-line treatment, through 3 cases and review of the literature.

Development and validation of a prediction model (AHC) for early identification of refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura using nationally representative data.

Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare and life-threatening haematological emergency. Although therapeutic plasma exchange together with corticosteroids achieve successful outcomes, a considerable number of patients remain refractory to this treatment and require early initiation of intensive therapy. However, a method for the early identification of refractory iTTP is not available.

Leukemogenic Chromatin Alterations Promote AML Leukemia Stem Cells via a KDM4C-ALKBH5-AXL Signaling Axis.

N-methyladenosine (mA) is a commonly present modification of mammalian mRNAs and plays key roles in various cellular processes. mA modifiers catalyze this reversible modification. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these mA modifiers are regulated remain elusive.

Detection of HLA-B*48:50 in a Chinese individual.

HLA-B*48:50 differs from HLA-B*48:01:01 (467C->A, S132Y).

Treatment of relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma with the BTK inhibitor zanubrutinib: phase 2, single-arm, multicenter study.

Background: Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have demonstrated a high degree of efficacy in the treatment of B cell malignancies characterized by constitutive B cell receptor activation, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL).

Methods: The efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib, an investigational highly selective BTK inhibitor, was evaluated in this single-arm, phase 2 study of Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL. The primary endpoint was overall response rate as assessed by an independent review committee.

Levels of Soluble CD30 and CD26 and Their Clinical Significance in Patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia.

Background: sCD30 and sCD26 are correlated with autoimmune diseases. However, little research has been done on the relationship between them and primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).

Methods: This study enrolled 47 patients diagnosed with ITP in the Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Tianjin, China), from January 2015 to August 2015.

TARGET: a survey of real-world management of chronic myeloid leukaemia across 33 countries.

Despite the availability of guidelines for the management of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), various issues may prevent their successful implementation. The TARGET survey examined real-world management of CML patients compared with international recommendations. This online survey was completed in 2017.

Treatment of Testicular Relapse of B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With CD19-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells.

Background: Irradiation has been a standard treatment for testicular relapse but is associated with severe hypogonadism. Because CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can eradicate leukemic blasts in cerebrospinal fluid, a pharmacologic sanctuary site, we tested the efficacy of this therapy in 7 boys with isolated testicular relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Patients And Methods: CD19-specific CAR-T cells were generated with the use of autologous T cells transduced with a lentiviral vector to express a CAR molecule containing anti-CD19 scFv derived from the HI19α murine monoclonal antibody, human CD8α hinge, and human 4-1BB (CD137) and CD3ζ costimulatory signaling transmembrane domains.

Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing versus Traditional Pathogen Detection in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Infectious Lesions.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in peripheral pulmonary infection management by comparing the diagnostic yield of mNGS and traditional pathogen detection methods on interventional specimens obtained by bronchoscopy.

Patients And Methods: This study enrolled patients suspected with pulmonary infection who were admitted to Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from June 2018 to August 2019. Specimens were obtained from bronchoscopy for mNGS analysis and traditional pathogen detection (including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid microbial culture, smear microscopy, and lung biopsy histopathology), and the diagnostic yields were compared between mNGS and traditional methods to evaluate the diagnostic value of mNGS in peripheral pulmonary infection diagnosis.

A new HLA-C allele, HLA-C*07:02:83, identified in a Chinese family.

HLA-C*07:02:83 differs from HLA-C*07:02:01:01 (387C- > A, P105P).

[Research Advance on In Vitro Generation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Transplantation--Review].

Abstract　　Currently, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is widely used in the therapy of hematological malignancies, non-malignant refractory anemia, genetic diseases and certain tumors with satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. HSC sources used for transplantation include bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood and neonate umbilical cord blood. However, for many patients, sufficient number of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -matched HSC cannot be found for transplantation, because the number of HSC in these tissues is small and HLA-identical donors are rare.

[The anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of JAK1 inhibitor SHR0302 versus Ruxolitinib in SET2 cell line and primary cells].

To explore the effects and molecular mechanism of the selective JAK1inhibitor SHR0302 and Ruxolitinib on myeloproliterative neoplasms (MPN) cell line SET2 and primary cells in vitro. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 kit. Colony forming experiment was conducted to evaluate erythroid burst colony formation unit (BFU-E) of primary cells from MPN patients.

Septicemia after chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China: A multicenter study CCCG-ALL-2015.

Background: Septicemia is an important cause of treatment-related mortality and treatment failure in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in developing countries. A multicenter CCCG-ALL-2015 study was conducted in China and factors associated with septicemia and mortality were studied.

Methods: Patients participated in CCCG-ALL-2015 study from January 2015 to December 2017 were included.

Prominent immune signatures of T cells are specifically associated with indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and predict prognosis.

Objectives: T cells play an essential role in controlling the development of B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (BLPDs), but the dysfunction of T cells in BLPDs largely remains elusive.

Methods: Using multiplexed flow cytometry, we quantified all major subsets of CD4 helper T cells (Th) and CD8 cytotoxic T cells (Tc) in 94 BLPD patients and 66 healthy controls. Statistics was utilised to rank T-cell signatures that distinguished BLPDs from healthy controls and differentially presented between indolent and aggressive categories.

Therapeutic effects of oligo-single-stranded DNA mimicking of hsa-miR-15a-5p on multiple myeloma.

Despite the fact that a few novel agents improve the outcome of patients, MM remains incurable. Hence, developing a novel treatment strategy may prove to be promising for the clinical management of MM. Noncoding small RNAs, a cluster of RNAs that do not encode functional proteins, have been underlined that play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of MM.

Kindlin-2 modulates MafA and β-catenin expression to regulate β-cell function and mass in mice.

β-Cell dysfunction and reduction in β-cell mass are hallmark events of diabetes mellitus. Here we show that β-cells express abundant Kindlin-2 and deleting its expression causes severe diabetes-like phenotypes without markedly causing peripheral insulin resistance. Kindlin-2, through its C-terminal region, binds to and stabilizes MafA, which activates insulin expression.

Ocular Surface Changes in Prostaglandin Analogue-Treated Patients.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally. Reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) has been acknowledged to be the main therapy for glaucoma. Prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) have become the first-line therapy for patients with glaucoma due to their powerful efficacy for lowering (IOP).