[Pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with multivisceral resections].

Locally advanced tumors of the stomach, colon and hepatopancreatobiliary zone comprise more than 20% of all cancers. Treatment of these patients is difficult, since tumors have complications in more than 70% of cases. Appropriate treatment poses difficulties due to functional state of these patients.

[The Russian consensus on the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma].

The Russian consensus on the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was prepared by the group of experts consisting of surgeons, interventional radiologists, radiation therapists and oncologists. The purposes of this consensus are clarification and consolidation of opinions of multidisciplinary team on the following issues of management of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: indications for surgical treatment, features of therapeutic tactics for mechanical jaundice, technical aspects of liver resection, prevention of post-resection liver failure, indications for liver resection using transplantation technologies, laparoscopic and robot-assisted liver resection, perioperative systemic chemotherapy, local non-resection/non-radiotherapy methods of treatment, radiotherapy, follow-up and choice of treatment for recurrence.

[Repeated liver resections for recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma].

Objective: To evaluate the safety and advisability of repeated liver resection (RLR) for recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).

Material And Methods: The results of RLR for ICC recurrence (=10) were retrospectively analyzed between 1999 and 2023. The control group consisted of patients undergoing primary liver resection for ICC (=195).

[Intrathecal chemotherapy for leptomeningeal metastases in patients with breast cancer].

Unlabelled: Leptomeningeal metastases are lesions of brain and/or spinal cord sheaths by tumor cells. They occur in 5% of patients with solid tumors, although autopsies reveal these lesions much more often (10-20% of cases). Leptomengeal metastases are an unfavorable prognostic factor.

[Giant petrosal meningioma invading the fourth ventricle: total removal of a recurrent tumor after eighteen years. Neurosurgical nuances. Case report and literature review].

The authors present a patient and neurosurgical nuances of total resection of recurrent meningioma of posterior surface of petrous bone 65´35´30 mm. The tumor captured two critical zones of posterior cranial fossa with unusual frontal growth and spread from the surface of petrous bone to the fourth ventricle. The neoplasm filled the ventricle without lesion of ependyma.

[Gastric cancer complicated by bleeding. (A systematic review)].

Bleeding as the most common complication of gastric cancer is a significant problem of modern surgery. Both oncologists and surgeons in ordinary hospitals deal with this adverse event. In addition to the well-known drugs for hemostasis, there are also generally recognized traditional methods of endoscopic hemostasis and transcatheter angiographic embolization.

[Gastric cancer complicated by bleeding: a systematic review].

Bleeding as the most common complication of gastric cancer is a significant problem of modern surgery. Both oncologists and surgeons in ordinary hospitals deal with this adverse event. In addition to the well-known drugs for hemostasis, there are also generally recognized traditional methods of endoscopic hemostasis and transcatheter angiographic embolization.

Surgical and combined treatment of patients with duodenal stromal tumors.

Objective: To evaluate the immediate and long-term results of surgical and combined treatment of patients with duodenal stromal tumors.

Material And Methods: There were 47 patients with duodenal stromal tumors for the period 2002-2019. All patients underwent treatment at the Blokhin National Cancer Research Center.

[Differentiated surgical approach for retroperitoneal non-organ liposarcoma].

Objective: To determine the indications for combined and organ-sparing surgery depending on malignancy grade of retroperitoneal liposarcoma.

Material And Methods: A retrospective study included 190 patients with retroperitoneal liposarcoma. Influence of malignancy grade, lesion of adjacent organs and resection/excision of adjacent organs on the overall and recurrence-free survival was studied.

Real-World Safety and Efficacy Outcomes with Abiraterone Acetate Plus Prednisone or Prednisolone as the First- or Second-Line Treatment for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Data from the Prostate Cancer Registry.

Background: Despite standard-of-care androgen-deprivation therapy and an increasing number of treatment options, the mortality rate for prostate cancer remains high. Progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) necessitates additional treatments. Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone or prednisolone (AAP) prolongs survival in chemotherapy-naive and docetaxel-experienced patients.

Geographical Distribution, Incidence, Malignancies, and Outcome of 136 Eastern Slavic Patients With Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome and Founder Variant c.657_661del5.

Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a DNA repair disorder characterized by combined immunodeficiency and a high predisposition to lymphoid malignancies. The majority of NBS patients are identified with a homozygous five base pair deletion in the ( gene (c.657_661del5, p.

Real-World Outcomes in First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The Prostate Cancer Registry.

Background: Metastatic prostate cancer has a 30% 5-year survival rate despite recent therapeutic advances. There is a need to improve the clinical understanding and treatment of this disease, particularly in the real-world setting and among patients who are under-represented in clinical trials.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who received their first treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in routine clinical practice, independent of treatment used, including subgroups with baseline cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, or visceral metastases.

[Maintenance of Plasmid Expression in vivo Depends Primarily on the CpG Contents of the Vector and Transgene].

Plasmid-mediated gene therapy, being a safe and relatively inexpensive therapeutic strategy, is plagued by a fast silencing of transgene expression. The silencing severely reduces the long-term efficiency of plasmid vectors. We have earlier constructed a low-CpG pMBR2 plasmid vector supporting prolonged expression of transgenes in mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.

Comparative analysis of family 1 cytochrome p-450 mRNA expression in human intestinal adenocarcinoma and intact portion of the intestine.

The expression of mRNA of proteins involved in the transformations of cytostatics (cytochrome P-450 1A1 and 1B1 isoforms) and genes encoding proteins participating in their regulation (Ah receptor, AHRR and ARNT) in intestinal tumors and intact portions of the intestine were studied. The expression of cytochrome P-450 1A1 increased in poorly differentiated tumors in comparison with its expression in intact portions of the intestine (tumor/intact tissue=1.65).

Development of drug resistance in the population of colon cancer cells under the effect of multifunctional protein YB-1.

The effects of YB-1 gene on the expression level of P-glycoprotein and drug resistance of tumor cells were studied in cultured HCT116 colon cancer cells. Transitory transfection of chimeric YB-1/GFP gene rendered HCT116 cells a selective advantage in a medium with vinblastine, which caused translocation of the chimeric protein into cell nuclei. This was paralleled by an increase in the expression of P-glycoprotein (multiple drug resistance protein).

Prognostic significance of expression of matrix metalloproteinase in colorectal adenocarcinomas and their metastases.

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 was studied in primary tumors and their metastases in patients with colorectal cancer. The correlation of immunoreactivity with clinical morphological signs, prognosis of the disease, and development of metastases in the liver was analyzed. The level of expression and distribution of markers in patients with colorectal cancer with metastases in the liver differed from that in control patients without metastases.

Study of manganese bacteriopheophorbide as a potential contrast agent for magnetic resonance tomography.

The use of manganese bacteriopheophorbide characterized by a high relaxation capacity and selectively accumulating in the tumor as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance tomography significantly improves tumor contrasting against the background of normal tissues. The pharmacokinetics and selectivity of accumulation were studied by diffuse reflection spectroscopy.

Selective antitumor activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells in vitro.

We compared cytotoxic activity of blood mononuclear leukocytes from healthy donors and lymphokine-activated killer cells generated from them towards tumor and normal cells. Lymphokine-activated killer cells exhibited higher (in comparison with blood mononuclear leukocytes) killer activity towards tumor cells. Lymphokine-activated cells and mononuclear leukocytes had no lytic effect on non-transformed eukaryotic cells.

Detection of mutant k-ras sequences in the urine of cancer patients.

DNA fragments from apoptotic cells crossing the renal barrier retain their matrix functions, which allows PCR identification of mutant sequences in excreted DNA. We investigated the possibility of detecting k-ras mutations in urinary DNA of tumor patients (colon cancer). In some patients with k-ras codon 12 mutations in tumor cell DNA the same changes were detected in the urinary DNA.