PD-L1 expression in high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is not a biomarker of response to BCG.

Purpose: Up to 50% of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) patients fail Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treatment, resulting in a high risk of progression and poor clinical outcomes. Biomarkers that predict outcomes after BCG are lacking. The antitumor effects of BCG are driven by a cytotoxic T cell response, which may be controlled by immune checkpoint proteins like Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1).

Detailed analysis of cystic lesions in patients after open fetal repair and postnatal myelomeningocele closure.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate the incidence, natural history, and management of cystic spinal lesions following myelomeningocele/myeloschisis closure.

Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective review of all patients who underwent myelomeningocele/myeloschisis closure from 2013 to 2018 with follow-up to 5 years old.

Results: We analyzed 100 fetal repairs and 81 postnatal closures from 305 total surgeries.

Joint Terminology Report: Terminology Standardization for Female Bladder Pain Syndrome.

Female bladder pain syndrome (FBPS), previously known as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, is a life-altering and morbid condition that occurs primarily in female patients and can be variable in presentation. Given the absence of pathognomonic symptoms and sensitive diagnostic tests, significant symptomatic overlap with numerous other pelvic conditions (such as pelvic floor tension myalgia or endometriosis) occurring in women makes diagnosis of FBPS challenging. The frequent co-occurrence of FBPS with other pain conditions and functional somatic syndromes further complicates diagnosis and management.

Joint Terminology Report: Terminology Standardization for Female Bladder Pain Syndrome.

Female bladder pain syndrome (FBPS), previously known as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, is a life-altering and morbid condition that occurs primarily in female patients and can be variable in presentation. Given the absence of pathognomonic symptoms and sensitive diagnostic tests, significant symptomatic overlap with numerous other pelvic conditions (such as pelvic floor tension myalgia or endometriosis) occurring in women makes diagnosis of FBPS challenging. The frequent co-occurrence of FBPS with other pain conditions and functional somatic syndromes further complicates diagnosis and management.

Buccal Mucosal Graft as a Second Layer in the Vaginal Repair of Vesicovaginal Fistulas.

Objective: Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a pathological communication between the urinary bladder and the vagina. The most common cause of VVF is hysterectomy, while less common causes include obstetric trauma and pelvic surgery. Most cases require surgical intervention.

Diagnosis of infiltrating bladder endometriosis after fourth cesarean section.

Objectives: This case report highlights the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and effective management of bladder endometriosis, while emphasizing the importance of considering this diagnosis in patients with chronic pelvic pain and urinary symptoms.

Methods: A 32-year-old woman presented with severe pelvic pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia. Diagnosis of bladder endometriosis was achieved through clinical suspicion supported by vaginal ultrasound, 3D imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the bladder: A rare cause of bladder outlet obstruction in an adult male.

Introduction: Solitary fibrous bladder tumors are extremely uncommon, with only a few cases reported. These fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasms are typically benign, indolent, and slow growing.

Case Presentation: A 44-year-old male patient with obstructive uropathy was referred to our unit for workup.

When Elevated Creatinine Is Not What It Seems: Intraperitoneal Urinary Leak Mimicking Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is typically classified as prerenal, renal, or postrenal in etiology, with postrenal often referring to obstructive causes. However, certain uncommon conditions, such as intraperitoneal urinary leaks, may not fit clearly into these categories. In patients with a recent history of pelvic procedure, a complication such as intraperitoneal urinary leak can mimic AKI due to urine reabsorption across the peritoneum.

Complicated Overactive Bladder Management.

These case studies review the treatment of patients with overactive bladder (OAB), a chronic condition presenting with urinary urgency, often occurring with frequency and nocturia, which may or may not be associated with urinary incontinence. Patients with OAB can have multiple clinical factors to consider when selecting the optimal therapy, and this treatment series provides examples of approaches to balance treatment selection with other comorbidities and patient expectations.

Multiparametric MRI and artificial intelligence in predicting and monitoring treatment response in bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer is the 10th most common and 13th most deadly cancer worldwide, with urothelial carcinomas being the most common type. Distinguishing between non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is essential due to significant differences in management and prognosis. MRI may play an important diagnostic role in this setting.

Antibiotic therapy for treating overactive bladder is not supported by clinical evidence.

A number of reports have suggested that the use of prolonged antibiotic treatment could be an effective therapy for patients with overactive bladder (OAB); however, this approach is contrary to existing recommendations regarding the prolonged non-specific use of antibiotics. The existing evidence in this area seems to be circumstantial and anecdotal but, despite this limitation, the use of long-term antibiotic therapy for OAB seems to be increasing. Review and synthesis of the existing evidence for use of antibiotic therapy in patients with OAB identify few studies - just seven papers and four conference proceedings - which are heterogeneous in their design, inclusion and exclusion criteria, treatment regimen employed, approach to the use of antimuscarinic medications, follow-up protocols, and measured outcomes.

Effects of a self-efficacy-centered self-management program on neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury: A randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: The present research aimed to investigate the effects of a self-efficacy-centered self-management program on persons with neurogenic bladder (NGB) after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: A randomized controlled trial.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-two individuals with NGB after spinal cord injury (SCI) were randomized into either the control or intervention group.

Chronic Primary Pelvic Pain Syndromes in Women: A Comprehensive Review.

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in women is a multifactorial and complex condition. It often remains undiagnosed or inadequately treated. Despite its high prevalence, CPP continues to be a taboo subject, leading to delays in seeking medical care.

Identifying optimal candidates for active surveillance in low-grade intermediate-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Objective: The intermediate-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (IR-NMIBC) prognostic group is heterogeneous. Growing evidence supports the role of active surveillance (AS) for patients with low-risk NMIBC, however, no clear data exists considering IR-NMIBC. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of recurrence of patients eligible for AS based on the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG) stratification.

Functional outcomes of single-session holmium laser enucleation of the prostate and high-intensity focused ultrasound in management of patients with prostate cancer and enlarged prostate: results from a pilot study.

Purpose: In patients with prostate cancer (PCa), focal therapy with High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) combined with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery has been used to improve immediate post-operative voiding symptoms. Our study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes of patients undergoing simultaneous holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) + HIFU and compare them to those who underwent HoLEP for bladder outlet obstruction secondary to BPH.

Methods: We performed retrospective review of patients who underwent HoLEP + HIFU or HoLEP between June 2017 and May 2024.

Diagnostic accuracy and inter-reader agreement of the nacVI-RADS for bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a prospective validation study.

Objective: The primary aim was to determine the performance of neoadjuvant chemotherapy VI-RADS (nacVI-RADS) in predicting response to systemic therapy in patients with MIBC and to evaluate its inter-reader agreement.

Materials And Methods: Prospective study, including patients with non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical cystectomy (RC). Patients underwent pre- and post-treatment MRI.

Topological Data Analysis of Ninjin'yoeito Effects Unraveling Complex Interconnections in Patients With Frailty: A Pilot Study.

Background Ninjin'yoeito (NYT), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, has shown potential in treating frailty and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. However, its effects are multifaceted and vary among individuals. This pilot study explored the use of topological data analysis (TDA) and natural language processing (NLP) to evaluate the effect of NYT on frailty in patients with OAB.

Case report: Long-term response to a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a single treatment for multiple synchronous cancers: a case study.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy by enhancing the antitumor immune response. This case describes an 80-year-old male with synchronous multiple primary malignancies (MPMs), including lung metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and brain metastatic urothelial carcinoma, who was treated with dual ICI therapy.

Case Presentation: The patient, with a history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, well-differentiated neuroendocrine duodenal tumors and micronodular exogenous cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A), presented with a non-invasive bladder carcinoma (pT1N0M0) resected endoscopically in December 2022.

Effects of non-invasive or minimally invasive neuromodulation techniques on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction after spinal cord injury: A network meta-analysis.

Objective: To assess the available evidence of non-invasive or minimally invasive neuromodulation therapies in improving urodynamic outcomes, voiding diaries, and quality of life in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Data Sources: A comprehensive search of 10 databases from inception until August 30, 2023 was conducted.

Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of conventional treatment (CT) and CT combined with sham stimulation (SS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), sacral nerve magnetic stimulation (SNMS), TMS+SNMS, sacral pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (SPEMFT), sacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (STENS), sacral dermatomal transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (SDTENS), bladder & sacral transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (B&STENS), transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS), transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS), pelvic floor electrical stimulation (PFES), or pelvic floor biofeedback therapy (PFBFBT) on postvoid residual volume (PVR), maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), number of voids per 24 h (V24), mean urine volume per micturition, (MUV), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), maximum detrusor pressure (MDP), maximum voiding volume (MVV), number of leakages per 24 h (L24), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) score, and spinal cord injury-quality of life (SCI-QoL)score in patients with NLUTD after SCI were included.

Modification of gemcitabine with oxaliplatin in China for unresectable gallbladder cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: The incidence of gall bladder cancer (GBC), one of the most prevalent bile duct malignancies, differs with ethnicity and geographic location. To treat unresected GBC in the Chinese setting, this study aimed to assess the financial effectiveness of a combination of modified gemcitabine and oxaliplatin.

Methods: Data from a randomized controlled study in which individuals with metastatic GBC were treated with oxaliplatin and gemcitabine demonstrated improved survival.

A Large Pelvic Haematoma Caused by a Local Anaesthetic Flexible Cystoscopy Injection of Intradetrusor Botulinum Toxin A: A Case Report.

A 55-year-old female attended the Outpatient Urology Department for local anaesthetic flexible cystoscopy and intradetrusor botulinum toxin A injection. Having been diagnosed with urodynamics-proven low-grade detrusor overactivity in 2017, she was well-established on six-monthly Botox® injections. As part of her ongoing treatment, 100 units of Allergan Botox diluted with saline in a 10 mL syringe were injected via 20 punctures.

circICMT upregulates and suppresses the malignant behavior of bladder cancer.

Background: Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new type of endogenous single-stranded RNA with a covalently closed circular structure. Increasing evidence shows that circRNA plays an important role in regulating gene expression in tumors. circICMT is a circular RNA produced by the ICMT gene.

Estimated Cancer Incidence in Northern Tunisia in 2023: Northern Tunisia Cancer Registry.

Background: Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Tunisia. The objectives of our study were to estimate the incidence level of the main cancer sites in Northern Tunisia in 2023 and to dress projections till 2040.

Methods: The population based cancer registry database of northern Tunisia was the source of cases of this study.

Surgical Morbidity following Planned Hysterectomy versus Conservative Management for Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective:  In recent years, the management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) has fallen into two categories: planned hysterectomy and conservative management to preserve fertility. However, optimal management remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the two to evaluate which approach was associated with lower surgical morbidity.